1.. highlightlang:: c 2 3 4.. _concrete: 5 6********************** 7Concrete Objects Layer 8********************** 9 10The functions in this chapter are specific to certain Python object types. 11Passing them an object of the wrong type is not a good idea; if you receive an 12object from a Python program and you are not sure that it has the right type, 13you must perform a type check first; for example, to check that an object is a 14dictionary, use :c:func:`PyDict_Check`. The chapter is structured like the 15"family tree" of Python object types. 16 17.. warning:: 18 19 While the functions described in this chapter carefully check the type of the 20 objects which are passed in, many of them do not check for *NULL* being passed 21 instead of a valid object. Allowing *NULL* to be passed in can cause memory 22 access violations and immediate termination of the interpreter. 23 24 25.. _fundamental: 26 27Fundamental Objects 28=================== 29 30This section describes Python type objects and the singleton object ``None``. 31 32.. toctree:: 33 34 type.rst 35 none.rst 36 37 38.. _numericobjects: 39 40Numeric Objects 41=============== 42 43.. index:: object: numeric 44 45.. toctree:: 46 47 int.rst 48 bool.rst 49 long.rst 50 float.rst 51 complex.rst 52 53 54.. _sequenceobjects: 55 56Sequence Objects 57================ 58 59.. index:: object: sequence 60 61Generic operations on sequence objects were discussed in the previous chapter; 62this section deals with the specific kinds of sequence objects that are 63intrinsic to the Python language. 64 65.. toctree:: 66 67 bytearray.rst 68 string.rst 69 unicode.rst 70 buffer.rst 71 tuple.rst 72 list.rst 73 74 75.. _mapobjects: 76 77Mapping Objects 78=============== 79 80.. index:: object: mapping 81 82.. toctree:: 83 84 dict.rst 85 86 87.. _otherobjects: 88 89Other Objects 90============= 91 92.. toctree:: 93 94 class.rst 95 function.rst 96 method.rst 97 file.rst 98 module.rst 99 iterator.rst 100 descriptor.rst 101 slice.rst 102 weakref.rst 103 capsule.rst 104 cobject.rst 105 cell.rst 106 gen.rst 107 datetime.rst 108 set.rst 109 code.rst 110