src/utils/SkShadowTessellator.cpp

/*
 * Copyright 2017 Google Inc.
 *
 * Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
 * found in the LICENSE file.
 */

#include "include/core/SkPath.h"
#include "include/core/SkPoint3.h"
#include "include/core/SkVertices.h"
#include "include/private/SkColorData.h"
#include "include/private/SkTPin.h"
#include "src/core/SkDrawShadowInfo.h"
#include "src/core/SkGeometry.h"
#include "src/core/SkPointPriv.h"
#include "src/core/SkRectPriv.h"
#include "src/utils/SkPolyUtils.h"
#include "src/utils/SkShadowTessellator.h"

#if SK_SUPPORT_GPU
#include "src/gpu/geometry/GrPathUtils.h"
#endif


/**
 * Base class
 */
class SkBaseShadowTessellator {
public:
    SkBaseShadowTessellator(const SkPoint3& zPlaneParams, const SkRect& bounds, bool transparent);
    virtual ~SkBaseShadowTessellator() {}

    sk_sp<SkVertices> releaseVertices() {
        if (!fSucceeded) {
            return nullptr;
        }
        return SkVertices::MakeCopy(SkVertices::kTriangles_VertexMode, this->vertexCount(),
                                    fPositions.begin(), nullptr, fColors.begin(),
                                    this->indexCount(), fIndices.begin());
    }

protected:
    inline static constexpr auto kMinHeight = 0.1f;
    inline static constexpr auto kPenumbraColor = SK_ColorTRANSPARENT;
    inline static constexpr auto kUmbraColor = SK_ColorBLACK;

    int vertexCount() const { return fPositions.count(); }
    int indexCount() const { return fIndices.count(); }

    // initialization methods
    bool accumulateCentroid(const SkPoint& c, const SkPoint& n);
    bool checkConvexity(const SkPoint& p0, const SkPoint& p1, const SkPoint& p2);
    void finishPathPolygon();

    // convex shadow methods
    bool computeConvexShadow(SkScalar inset, SkScalar outset, bool doClip);
    void computeClipVectorsAndTestCentroid();
    bool clipUmbraPoint(const SkPoint& umbraPoint, const SkPoint& centroid, SkPoint* clipPoint);
    void addEdge(const SkVector& nextPoint, const SkVector& nextNormal, SkColor umbraColor,
                 const SkTDArray<SkPoint>& umbraPolygon, bool lastEdge, bool doClip);
    bool addInnerPoint(const SkPoint& pathPoint, SkColor umbraColor,
                       const SkTDArray<SkPoint>& umbraPolygon, int* currUmbraIndex);
    int getClosestUmbraIndex(const SkPoint& point, const SkTDArray<SkPoint>& umbraPolygon);

    // concave shadow methods
    bool computeConcaveShadow(SkScalar inset, SkScalar outset);
    void stitchConcaveRings(const SkTDArray<SkPoint>& umbraPolygon,
                            SkTDArray<int>* umbraIndices,
                            const SkTDArray<SkPoint>& penumbraPolygon,
                            SkTDArray<int>* penumbraIndices);

    void handleLine(const SkPoint& p);
    void handleLine(const SkMatrix& m, SkPoint* p);

    void handleQuad(const SkPoint pts[3]);
    void handleQuad(const SkMatrix& m, SkPoint pts[3]);

    void handleCubic(const SkMatrix& m, SkPoint pts[4]);

    void handleConic(const SkMatrix& m, SkPoint pts[3], SkScalar w);

    bool addArc(const SkVector& nextNormal, SkScalar offset, bool finishArc);

    void appendTriangle(uint16_t index0, uint16_t index1, uint16_t index2);
    void appendQuad(uint16_t index0, uint16_t index1, uint16_t index2, uint16_t index3);

    SkScalar heightFunc(SkScalar x, SkScalar y) {
        return fZPlaneParams.fX*x + fZPlaneParams.fY*y + fZPlaneParams.fZ;
    }

    SkPoint3            fZPlaneParams;

    // temporary buffer
    SkTDArray<SkPoint>  fPointBuffer;

    SkTDArray<SkPoint>  fPositions;
    SkTDArray<SkColor>  fColors;
    SkTDArray<uint16_t> fIndices;

    SkTDArray<SkPoint>   fPathPolygon;
    SkTDArray<SkPoint>   fClipPolygon;
    SkTDArray<SkVector>  fClipVectors;

    SkRect              fPathBounds;
    SkPoint             fCentroid;
    SkScalar            fArea;
    SkScalar            fLastArea;
    SkScalar            fLastCross;

    int                 fFirstVertexIndex;
    SkVector            fFirstOutset;
    SkPoint             fFirstPoint;

    bool                fSucceeded;
    bool                fTransparent;
    bool                fIsConvex;
    bool                fValidUmbra;

    SkScalar            fDirection;
    int                 fPrevUmbraIndex;
    int                 fCurrUmbraIndex;
    int                 fCurrClipIndex;
    bool                fPrevUmbraOutside;
    bool                fFirstUmbraOutside;
    SkVector            fPrevOutset;
    SkPoint             fPrevPoint;
};

static bool compute_normal(const SkPoint& p0, const SkPoint& p1, SkScalar dir,
                           SkVector* newNormal) {
    SkVector normal;
    // compute perpendicular
    normal.fX = p0.fY - p1.fY;
    normal.fY = p1.fX - p0.fX;
    normal *= dir;
    if (!normal.normalize()) {
        return false;
    }
    *newNormal = normal;
    return true;
}

static bool duplicate_pt(const SkPoint& p0, const SkPoint& p1) {
    static constexpr SkScalar kClose = (SK_Scalar1 / 16);
    static constexpr SkScalar kCloseSqd = kClose * kClose;

    SkScalar distSq = SkPointPriv::DistanceToSqd(p0, p1);
    return distSq < kCloseSqd;
}

static SkScalar perp_dot(const SkPoint& p0, const SkPoint& p1, const SkPoint& p2) {
    SkVector v0 = p1 - p0;
    SkVector v1 = p2 - p1;
    return v0.cross(v1);
}

SkBaseShadowTessellator::SkBaseShadowTessellator(const SkPoint3& zPlaneParams, const SkRect& bounds,
                                                 bool transparent)
        : fZPlaneParams(zPlaneParams)
        , fPathBounds(bounds)
        , fCentroid({0, 0})
        , fArea(0)
        , fLastArea(0)
        , fLastCross(0)
        , fFirstVertexIndex(-1)
        , fSucceeded(false)
        , fTransparent(transparent)
        , fIsConvex(true)
        , fValidUmbra(true)
        , fDirection(1)
        , fPrevUmbraIndex(-1)
        , fCurrUmbraIndex(0)
        , fCurrClipIndex(0)
        , fPrevUmbraOutside(false)
        , fFirstUmbraOutside(false) {
    // child classes will set reserve for positions, colors and indices
}

bool SkBaseShadowTessellator::accumulateCentroid(const SkPoint& curr, const SkPoint& next) {
    if (duplicate_pt(curr, next)) {
        return false;
    }

    SkASSERT(fPathPolygon.count() > 0);
    SkVector v0 = curr - fPathPolygon[0];
    SkVector v1 = next - fPathPolygon[0];
    SkScalar quadArea = v0.cross(v1);
    fCentroid.fX += (v0.fX + v1.fX) * quadArea;
    fCentroid.fY += (v0.fY + v1.fY) * quadArea;
    fArea += quadArea;
    // convexity check
    if (quadArea*fLastArea < 0) {
        fIsConvex = false;
    }
    if (0 != quadArea) {
        fLastArea = quadArea;
    }

    return true;
}

bool SkBaseShadowTessellator::checkConvexity(const SkPoint& p0,
                                             const SkPoint& p1,
                                             const SkPoint& p2) {
    SkScalar cross = perp_dot(p0, p1, p2);
    // skip collinear point
    if (SkScalarNearlyZero(cross)) {
        return false;
    }

    // check for convexity
    if (fLastCross*cross < 0) {
        fIsConvex = false;
    }
    if (0 != cross) {
        fLastCross = cross;
    }

    return true;
}

void SkBaseShadowTessellator::finishPathPolygon() {
    if (fPathPolygon.count() > 1) {
        if (!this->accumulateCentroid(fPathPolygon[fPathPolygon.count() - 1], fPathPolygon[0])) {
            // remove coincident point
            fPathPolygon.pop();
        }
    }

    if (fPathPolygon.count() > 2) {
        // do this before the final convexity check, so we use the correct fPathPolygon[0]
        fCentroid *= sk_ieee_float_divide(1, 3 * fArea);
        fCentroid += fPathPolygon[0];
        if (!checkConvexity(fPathPolygon[fPathPolygon.count() - 2],
                            fPathPolygon[fPathPolygon.count() - 1],
                            fPathPolygon[0])) {
            // remove collinear point
            fPathPolygon[0] = fPathPolygon[fPathPolygon.count() - 1];
            fPathPolygon.pop();
        }
    }

    // if area is positive, winding is ccw
    fDirection = fArea > 0 ? -1 : 1;
}

bool SkBaseShadowTessellator::computeConvexShadow(SkScalar inset, SkScalar outset, bool doClip) {
    if (doClip) {
        this->computeClipVectorsAndTestCentroid();
    }

    // adjust inset distance and umbra color if necessary
    auto umbraColor = kUmbraColor;
    SkScalar minDistSq = SkPointPriv::DistanceToLineSegmentBetweenSqd(fCentroid,
                                                                      fPathPolygon[0],
                                                                      fPathPolygon[1]);
    SkRect bounds;
    bounds.setBounds(&fPathPolygon[0], fPathPolygon.count());
    for (int i = 1; i < fPathPolygon.count(); ++i) {
        int j = i + 1;
        if (i == fPathPolygon.count() - 1) {
            j = 0;
        }
        SkPoint currPoint = fPathPolygon[i];
        SkPoint nextPoint = fPathPolygon[j];
        SkScalar distSq = SkPointPriv::DistanceToLineSegmentBetweenSqd(fCentroid, currPoint,
                                                                       nextPoint);
        if (distSq < minDistSq) {
            minDistSq = distSq;
        }
    }

    SkTDArray<SkPoint> insetPolygon;
    if (inset > SK_ScalarNearlyZero) {
        static constexpr auto kTolerance = 1.0e-2f;
        if (minDistSq < (inset + kTolerance)*(inset + kTolerance)) {
            // if the umbra would collapse, we back off a bit on inner blur and adjust the alpha
            auto newInset = SkScalarSqrt(minDistSq) - kTolerance;
            auto ratio = 128 * (newInset / inset + 1);
            SkASSERT(SkScalarIsFinite(ratio));
            // they aren't PMColors, but the interpolation algorithm is the same
            umbraColor = SkPMLerp(kUmbraColor, kPenumbraColor, (unsigned)ratio);
            inset = newInset;
        }

        // generate inner ring
        if (!SkInsetConvexPolygon(&fPathPolygon[0], fPathPolygon.count(), inset,
                                  &insetPolygon)) {
            // not ideal, but in this case we'll inset using the centroid
            fValidUmbra = false;
        }
    }
    const SkTDArray<SkPoint>& umbraPolygon = (inset > SK_ScalarNearlyZero) ? insetPolygon
                                                                           : fPathPolygon;

    // walk around the path polygon, generate outer ring and connect to inner ring
    if (fTransparent) {
        fPositions.push_back(fCentroid);
        fColors.push_back(umbraColor);
    }
    fCurrUmbraIndex = 0;

    // initial setup
    // add first quad
    int polyCount = fPathPolygon.count();
    if (!compute_normal(fPathPolygon[polyCount - 1], fPathPolygon[0], fDirection, &fFirstOutset)) {
        // polygon should be sanitized by this point, so this is unrecoverable
        return false;
    }

    fFirstOutset *= outset;
    fFirstPoint = fPathPolygon[polyCount - 1];
    fFirstVertexIndex = fPositions.count();
    fPrevOutset = fFirstOutset;
    fPrevPoint = fFirstPoint;
    fPrevUmbraIndex = -1;

    this->addInnerPoint(fFirstPoint, umbraColor, umbraPolygon, &fPrevUmbraIndex);

    if (!fTransparent && doClip) {
        SkPoint clipPoint;
        bool isOutside = this->clipUmbraPoint(fPositions[fFirstVertexIndex],
                                              fCentroid, &clipPoint);
        if (isOutside) {
            fPositions.push_back(clipPoint);
            fColors.push_back(umbraColor);
        }
        fPrevUmbraOutside = isOutside;
        fFirstUmbraOutside = isOutside;
    }

    SkPoint newPoint = fFirstPoint + fFirstOutset;
    fPositions.push_back(newPoint);
    fColors.push_back(kPenumbraColor);
    this->addEdge(fPathPolygon[0], fFirstOutset, umbraColor, umbraPolygon, false, doClip);

    for (int i = 1; i < polyCount; ++i) {
        SkVector normal;
        if (!compute_normal(fPrevPoint, fPathPolygon[i], fDirection, &normal)) {
            return false;
        }
        normal *= outset;
        this->addArc(normal, outset, true);
        this->addEdge(fPathPolygon[i], normal, umbraColor, umbraPolygon,
                      i == polyCount - 1, doClip);
    }
    SkASSERT(this->indexCount());

    // final fan
    SkASSERT(fPositions.count() >= 3);
    if (this->addArc(fFirstOutset, outset, false)) {
        if (fFirstUmbraOutside) {
            this->appendTriangle(fFirstVertexIndex, fPositions.count() - 1,
                                 fFirstVertexIndex + 2);
        } else {
            this->appendTriangle(fFirstVertexIndex, fPositions.count() - 1,
                                 fFirstVertexIndex + 1);
        }
    } else {
        // no arc added, fix up by setting first penumbra point position to last one
        if (fFirstUmbraOutside) {
            fPositions[fFirstVertexIndex + 2] = fPositions[fPositions.count() - 1];
        } else {
            fPositions[fFirstVertexIndex + 1] = fPositions[fPositions.count() - 1];
        }
    }

    return true;
}

void SkBaseShadowTessellator::computeClipVectorsAndTestCentroid() {
    SkASSERT(fClipPolygon.count() >= 3);
    fCurrClipIndex = fClipPolygon.count() - 1;

    // init clip vectors
    SkVector v0 = fClipPolygon[1] - fClipPolygon[0];
    SkVector v1 = fClipPolygon[2] - fClipPolygon[0];
    fClipVectors.push_back(v0);

    // init centroid check
    bool hiddenCentroid = true;
    v1 = fCentroid - fClipPolygon[0];
    SkScalar initCross = v0.cross(v1);

    for (int p = 1; p < fClipPolygon.count(); ++p) {
        // add to clip vectors
        v0 = fClipPolygon[(p + 1) % fClipPolygon.count()] - fClipPolygon[p];
        fClipVectors.push_back(v0);
        // Determine if transformed centroid is inside clipPolygon.
        v1 = fCentroid - fClipPolygon[p];
        if (initCross*v0.cross(v1) <= 0) {
            hiddenCentroid = false;
        }
    }
    SkASSERT(fClipVectors.count() == fClipPolygon.count());

    fTransparent = fTransparent || !hiddenCentroid;
}

void SkBaseShadowTessellator::addEdge(const SkPoint& nextPoint, const SkVector& nextNormal,
                                      SkColor umbraColor, const SkTDArray<SkPoint>& umbraPolygon,
                                      bool lastEdge, bool doClip) {
    // add next umbra point
    int currUmbraIndex;
    bool duplicate;
    if (lastEdge) {
        duplicate = false;
        currUmbraIndex = fFirstVertexIndex;
        fPrevPoint = nextPoint;
    } else {
        duplicate = this->addInnerPoint(nextPoint, umbraColor, umbraPolygon, &currUmbraIndex);
    }
    int prevPenumbraIndex = duplicate || (currUmbraIndex == fFirstVertexIndex)
        ? fPositions.count() - 1
        : fPositions.count() - 2;
    if (!duplicate) {
        // add to center fan if transparent or centroid showing
        if (fTransparent) {
            this->appendTriangle(0, fPrevUmbraIndex, currUmbraIndex);
            // otherwise add to clip ring
        } else if (doClip) {
            SkPoint clipPoint;
            bool isOutside = lastEdge ? fFirstUmbraOutside
                : this->clipUmbraPoint(fPositions[currUmbraIndex], fCentroid,
                                       &clipPoint);
            if (isOutside) {
                if (!lastEdge) {
                    fPositions.push_back(clipPoint);
                    fColors.push_back(umbraColor);
                }
                this->appendTriangle(fPrevUmbraIndex, currUmbraIndex, currUmbraIndex + 1);
                if (fPrevUmbraOutside) {
                    // fill out quad
                    this->appendTriangle(fPrevUmbraIndex, currUmbraIndex + 1,
                                         fPrevUmbraIndex + 1);
                }
            } else if (fPrevUmbraOutside) {
                // add tri
                this->appendTriangle(fPrevUmbraIndex, currUmbraIndex, fPrevUmbraIndex + 1);
            }

            fPrevUmbraOutside = isOutside;
        }
    }

    // add next penumbra point and quad
    SkPoint newPoint = nextPoint + nextNormal;
    fPositions.push_back(newPoint);
    fColors.push_back(kPenumbraColor);

    if (!duplicate) {
        this->appendTriangle(fPrevUmbraIndex, prevPenumbraIndex, currUmbraIndex);
    }
    this->appendTriangle(prevPenumbraIndex, fPositions.count() - 1, currUmbraIndex);

    fPrevUmbraIndex = currUmbraIndex;
    fPrevOutset = nextNormal;
}

bool SkBaseShadowTessellator::clipUmbraPoint(const SkPoint& umbraPoint, const SkPoint& centroid,
                                             SkPoint* clipPoint) {
    SkVector segmentVector = centroid - umbraPoint;

    int startClipPoint = fCurrClipIndex;
    do {
        SkVector dp = umbraPoint - fClipPolygon[fCurrClipIndex];
        SkScalar denom = fClipVectors[fCurrClipIndex].cross(segmentVector);
        SkScalar t_num = dp.cross(segmentVector);
        // if line segments are nearly parallel
        if (SkScalarNearlyZero(denom)) {
            // and collinear
            if (SkScalarNearlyZero(t_num)) {
                return false;
            }
            // otherwise are separate, will try the next poly segment
            // else if crossing lies within poly segment
        } else if (t_num >= 0 && t_num <= denom) {
            SkScalar s_num = dp.cross(fClipVectors[fCurrClipIndex]);
            // if umbra point is inside the clip polygon
            if (s_num >= 0 && s_num <= denom) {
                segmentVector *= s_num / denom;
                *clipPoint = umbraPoint + segmentVector;
                return true;
            }
        }
        fCurrClipIndex = (fCurrClipIndex + 1) % fClipPolygon.count();
    } while (fCurrClipIndex != startClipPoint);

    return false;
}

bool SkBaseShadowTessellator::addInnerPoint(const SkPoint& pathPoint, SkColor umbraColor,
                                            const SkTDArray<SkPoint>& umbraPolygon,
                                            int* currUmbraIndex) {
    SkPoint umbraPoint;
    if (!fValidUmbra) {
        SkVector v = fCentroid - pathPoint;
        v *= 0.95f;
        umbraPoint = pathPoint + v;
    } else {
        umbraPoint = umbraPolygon[this->getClosestUmbraIndex(pathPoint, umbraPolygon)];
    }

    fPrevPoint = pathPoint;

    // merge "close" points
    if (fPrevUmbraIndex == -1 ||
        !duplicate_pt(umbraPoint, fPositions[fPrevUmbraIndex])) {
        // if we've wrapped around, don't add a new point
        if (fPrevUmbraIndex >= 0 && duplicate_pt(umbraPoint, fPositions[fFirstVertexIndex])) {
            *currUmbraIndex = fFirstVertexIndex;
        } else {
            *currUmbraIndex = fPositions.count();
            fPositions.push_back(umbraPoint);
            fColors.push_back(umbraColor);
        }
        return false;
    } else {
        *currUmbraIndex = fPrevUmbraIndex;
        return true;
    }
}

int SkBaseShadowTessellator::getClosestUmbraIndex(const SkPoint& p,
                                                  const SkTDArray<SkPoint>& umbraPolygon) {
    SkScalar minDistance = SkPointPriv::DistanceToSqd(p, umbraPolygon[fCurrUmbraIndex]);
    int index = fCurrUmbraIndex;
    int dir = 1;
    int next = (index + dir) % umbraPolygon.count();

    // init travel direction
    SkScalar distance = SkPointPriv::DistanceToSqd(p, umbraPolygon[next]);
    if (distance < minDistance) {
        index = next;
        minDistance = distance;
    } else {
        dir = umbraPolygon.count() - 1;
    }

    // iterate until we find a point that increases the distance
    next = (index + dir) % umbraPolygon.count();
    distance = SkPointPriv::DistanceToSqd(p, umbraPolygon[next]);
    while (distance < minDistance) {
        index = next;
        minDistance = distance;
        next = (index + dir) % umbraPolygon.count();
        distance = SkPointPriv::DistanceToSqd(p, umbraPolygon[next]);
    }

    fCurrUmbraIndex = index;
    return index;
}

bool SkBaseShadowTessellator::computeConcaveShadow(SkScalar inset, SkScalar outset) {
    if (!SkIsSimplePolygon(&fPathPolygon[0], fPathPolygon.count())) {
        return false;
    }

    // shouldn't inset more than the half bounds of the polygon
    inset = std::min(inset, std::min(SkTAbs(SkRectPriv::HalfWidth(fPathBounds)),
                                     SkTAbs(SkRectPriv::HalfHeight(fPathBounds))));
    // generate inner ring
    SkTDArray<SkPoint> umbraPolygon;
    SkTDArray<int> umbraIndices;
    umbraIndices.setReserve(fPathPolygon.count());
    if (!SkOffsetSimplePolygon(&fPathPolygon[0], fPathPolygon.count(), fPathBounds, inset,
                               &umbraPolygon, &umbraIndices)) {
        // TODO: figure out how to handle this case
        return false;
    }

    // generate outer ring
    SkTDArray<SkPoint> penumbraPolygon;
    SkTDArray<int> penumbraIndices;
    penumbraPolygon.setReserve(umbraPolygon.count());
    penumbraIndices.setReserve(umbraPolygon.count());
    if (!SkOffsetSimplePolygon(&fPathPolygon[0], fPathPolygon.count(), fPathBounds, -outset,
                               &penumbraPolygon, &penumbraIndices)) {
        // TODO: figure out how to handle this case
        return false;
    }

    if (!umbraPolygon.count() || !penumbraPolygon.count()) {
        return false;
    }

    // attach the rings together
    this->stitchConcaveRings(umbraPolygon, &umbraIndices, penumbraPolygon, &penumbraIndices);

    return true;
}

void SkBaseShadowTessellator::stitchConcaveRings(const SkTDArray<SkPoint>& umbraPolygon,
                                                 SkTDArray<int>* umbraIndices,
                                                 const SkTDArray<SkPoint>& penumbraPolygon,
                                                 SkTDArray<int>* penumbraIndices) {
    // TODO: only create and fill indexMap when fTransparent is true?
    SkAutoSTMalloc<64, uint16_t> indexMap(umbraPolygon.count());

    // find minimum indices
    int minIndex = 0;
    int min = (*penumbraIndices)[0];
    for (int i = 1; i < (*penumbraIndices).count(); ++i) {
        if ((*penumbraIndices)[i] < min) {
            min = (*penumbraIndices)[i];
            minIndex = i;
        }
    }
    int currPenumbra = minIndex;

    minIndex = 0;
    min = (*umbraIndices)[0];
    for (int i = 1; i < (*umbraIndices).count(); ++i) {
        if ((*umbraIndices)[i] < min) {
            min = (*umbraIndices)[i];
            minIndex = i;
        }
    }
    int currUmbra = minIndex;

    // now find a case where the indices are equal (there should be at least one)
    int maxPenumbraIndex = fPathPolygon.count() - 1;
    int maxUmbraIndex = fPathPolygon.count() - 1;
    while ((*penumbraIndices)[currPenumbra] != (*umbraIndices)[currUmbra]) {
        if ((*penumbraIndices)[currPenumbra] < (*umbraIndices)[currUmbra]) {
            (*penumbraIndices)[currPenumbra] += fPathPolygon.count();
            maxPenumbraIndex = (*penumbraIndices)[currPenumbra];
            currPenumbra = (currPenumbra + 1) % penumbraPolygon.count();
        } else {
            (*umbraIndices)[currUmbra] += fPathPolygon.count();
            maxUmbraIndex = (*umbraIndices)[currUmbra];
            currUmbra = (currUmbra + 1) % umbraPolygon.count();
        }
    }

    fPositions.push_back(penumbraPolygon[currPenumbra]);
    fColors.push_back(kPenumbraColor);
    int prevPenumbraIndex = 0;
    fPositions.push_back(umbraPolygon[currUmbra]);
    fColors.push_back(kUmbraColor);
    fPrevUmbraIndex = 1;
    indexMap[currUmbra] = 1;

    int nextPenumbra = (currPenumbra + 1) % penumbraPolygon.count();
    int nextUmbra = (currUmbra + 1) % umbraPolygon.count();
    while ((*penumbraIndices)[nextPenumbra] <= maxPenumbraIndex ||
           (*umbraIndices)[nextUmbra] <= maxUmbraIndex) {

        if ((*umbraIndices)[nextUmbra] == (*penumbraIndices)[nextPenumbra]) {
            // advance both one step
            fPositions.push_back(penumbraPolygon[nextPenumbra]);
            fColors.push_back(kPenumbraColor);
            int currPenumbraIndex = fPositions.count() - 1;

            fPositions.push_back(umbraPolygon[nextUmbra]);
            fColors.push_back(kUmbraColor);
            int currUmbraIndex = fPositions.count() - 1;
            indexMap[nextUmbra] = currUmbraIndex;

            this->appendQuad(prevPenumbraIndex, currPenumbraIndex,
                             fPrevUmbraIndex, currUmbraIndex);

            prevPenumbraIndex = currPenumbraIndex;
            (*penumbraIndices)[currPenumbra] += fPathPolygon.count();
            currPenumbra = nextPenumbra;
            nextPenumbra = (currPenumbra + 1) % penumbraPolygon.count();

            fPrevUmbraIndex = currUmbraIndex;
            (*umbraIndices)[currUmbra] += fPathPolygon.count();
            currUmbra = nextUmbra;
            nextUmbra = (currUmbra + 1) % umbraPolygon.count();
        }

        while ((*penumbraIndices)[nextPenumbra] < (*umbraIndices)[nextUmbra] &&
               (*penumbraIndices)[nextPenumbra] <= maxPenumbraIndex) {
            // fill out penumbra arc
            fPositions.push_back(penumbraPolygon[nextPenumbra]);
            fColors.push_back(kPenumbraColor);
            int currPenumbraIndex = fPositions.count() - 1;

            this->appendTriangle(prevPenumbraIndex, currPenumbraIndex, fPrevUmbraIndex);

            prevPenumbraIndex = currPenumbraIndex;
            // this ensures the ordering when we wrap around
            (*penumbraIndices)[currPenumbra] += fPathPolygon.count();
            currPenumbra = nextPenumbra;
            nextPenumbra = (currPenumbra + 1) % penumbraPolygon.count();
        }

        while ((*umbraIndices)[nextUmbra] < (*penumbraIndices)[nextPenumbra] &&
               (*umbraIndices)[nextUmbra] <= maxUmbraIndex) {
            // fill out umbra arc
            fPositions.push_back(umbraPolygon[nextUmbra]);
            fColors.push_back(kUmbraColor);
            int currUmbraIndex = fPositions.count() - 1;
            indexMap[nextUmbra] = currUmbraIndex;

            this->appendTriangle(fPrevUmbraIndex, prevPenumbraIndex, currUmbraIndex);

            fPrevUmbraIndex = currUmbraIndex;
            // this ensures the ordering when we wrap around
            (*umbraIndices)[currUmbra] += fPathPolygon.count();
            currUmbra = nextUmbra;
            nextUmbra = (currUmbra + 1) % umbraPolygon.count();
        }
    }
    // finish up by advancing both one step
    fPositions.push_back(penumbraPolygon[nextPenumbra]);
    fColors.push_back(kPenumbraColor);
    int currPenumbraIndex = fPositions.count() - 1;

    fPositions.push_back(umbraPolygon[nextUmbra]);
    fColors.push_back(kUmbraColor);
    int currUmbraIndex = fPositions.count() - 1;
    indexMap[nextUmbra] = currUmbraIndex;

    this->appendQuad(prevPenumbraIndex, currPenumbraIndex,
                     fPrevUmbraIndex, currUmbraIndex);

    if (fTransparent) {
        SkTriangulateSimplePolygon(umbraPolygon.begin(), indexMap, umbraPolygon.count(),
                                   &fIndices);
    }
}


// tesselation tolerance values, in device space pixels
#if SK_SUPPORT_GPU
static constexpr SkScalar kQuadTolerance = 0.2f;
static constexpr SkScalar kCubicTolerance = 0.2f;
static constexpr SkScalar kQuadToleranceSqd = kQuadTolerance * kQuadTolerance;
static constexpr SkScalar kCubicToleranceSqd = kCubicTolerance * kCubicTolerance;
#endif
static constexpr SkScalar kConicTolerance = 0.25f;

// clamps the point to the nearest 16th of a pixel
static void sanitize_point(const SkPoint& in, SkPoint* out) {
    out->fX = SkScalarRoundToScalar(16.f*in.fX)*0.0625f;
    out->fY = SkScalarRoundToScalar(16.f*in.fY)*0.0625f;
}

void SkBaseShadowTessellator::handleLine(const SkPoint& p) {
    SkPoint pSanitized;
    sanitize_point(p, &pSanitized);

    if (fPathPolygon.count() > 0) {
        if (!this->accumulateCentroid(fPathPolygon[fPathPolygon.count() - 1], pSanitized)) {
            // skip coincident point
            return;
        }
    }

    if (fPathPolygon.count() > 1) {
        if (!checkConvexity(fPathPolygon[fPathPolygon.count() - 2],
                            fPathPolygon[fPathPolygon.count() - 1],
                            pSanitized)) {
            // remove collinear point
            fPathPolygon.pop();
            // it's possible that the previous point is coincident with the new one now
            if (duplicate_pt(fPathPolygon[fPathPolygon.count() - 1], pSanitized)) {
                fPathPolygon.pop();
            }
        }
    }

    fPathPolygon.push_back(pSanitized);
}

void SkBaseShadowTessellator::handleLine(const SkMatrix& m, SkPoint* p) {
    m.mapPoints(p, 1);

    this->handleLine(*p);
}

void SkBaseShadowTessellator::handleQuad(const SkPoint pts[3]) {
#if SK_SUPPORT_GPU
    // check for degeneracy
    SkVector v0 = pts[1] - pts[0];
    SkVector v1 = pts[2] - pts[0];
    if (SkScalarNearlyZero(v0.cross(v1))) {
        return;
    }
    // TODO: Pull PathUtils out of Ganesh?
    int maxCount = GrPathUtils::quadraticPointCount(pts, kQuadTolerance);
    fPointBuffer.setCount(maxCount);
    SkPoint* target = fPointBuffer.begin();
    int count = GrPathUtils::generateQuadraticPoints(pts[0], pts[1], pts[2],
                                                     kQuadToleranceSqd, &target, maxCount);
    fPointBuffer.setCount(count);
    for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
        this->handleLine(fPointBuffer[i]);
    }
#else
    // for now, just to draw something
    this->handleLine(pts[1]);
    this->handleLine(pts[2]);
#endif
}

void SkBaseShadowTessellator::handleQuad(const SkMatrix& m, SkPoint pts[3]) {
    m.mapPoints(pts, 3);
    this->handleQuad(pts);
}

void SkBaseShadowTessellator::handleCubic(const SkMatrix& m, SkPoint pts[4]) {
    m.mapPoints(pts, 4);
#if SK_SUPPORT_GPU
    // TODO: Pull PathUtils out of Ganesh?
    int maxCount = GrPathUtils::cubicPointCount(pts, kCubicTolerance);
    fPointBuffer.setCount(maxCount);
    SkPoint* target = fPointBuffer.begin();
    int count = GrPathUtils::generateCubicPoints(pts[0], pts[1], pts[2], pts[3],
                                                 kCubicToleranceSqd, &target, maxCount);
    fPointBuffer.setCount(count);
    for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
        this->handleLine(fPointBuffer[i]);
    }
#else
    // for now, just to draw something
    this->handleLine(pts[1]);
    this->handleLine(pts[2]);
    this->handleLine(pts[3]);
#endif
}

void SkBaseShadowTessellator::handleConic(const SkMatrix& m, SkPoint pts[3], SkScalar w) {
    if (m.hasPerspective()) {
        w = SkConic::TransformW(pts, w, m);
    }
    m.mapPoints(pts, 3);
    SkAutoConicToQuads quadder;
    const SkPoint* quads = quadder.computeQuads(pts, w, kConicTolerance);
    SkPoint lastPoint = *(quads++);
    int count = quadder.countQuads();
    for (int i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
        SkPoint quadPts[3];
        quadPts[0] = lastPoint;
        quadPts[1] = quads[0];
        quadPts[2] = i == count - 1 ? pts[2] : quads[1];
        this->handleQuad(quadPts);
        lastPoint = quadPts[2];
        quads += 2;
    }
}

bool SkBaseShadowTessellator::addArc(const SkVector& nextNormal, SkScalar offset, bool finishArc) {
    // fill in fan from previous quad
    SkScalar rotSin, rotCos;
    int numSteps;
    if (!SkComputeRadialSteps(fPrevOutset, nextNormal, offset, &rotSin, &rotCos, &numSteps)) {
        // recover as best we can
        numSteps = 0;
    }
    SkVector prevNormal = fPrevOutset;
    for (int i = 0; i < numSteps-1; ++i) {
        SkVector currNormal;
        currNormal.fX = prevNormal.fX*rotCos - prevNormal.fY*rotSin;
        currNormal.fY = prevNormal.fY*rotCos + prevNormal.fX*rotSin;
        fPositions.push_back(fPrevPoint + currNormal);
        fColors.push_back(kPenumbraColor);
        this->appendTriangle(fPrevUmbraIndex, fPositions.count() - 1, fPositions.count() - 2);

        prevNormal = currNormal;
    }
    if (finishArc && numSteps) {
        fPositions.push_back(fPrevPoint + nextNormal);
        fColors.push_back(kPenumbraColor);
        this->appendTriangle(fPrevUmbraIndex, fPositions.count() - 1, fPositions.count() - 2);
    }
    fPrevOutset = nextNormal;

    return (numSteps > 0);
}

void SkBaseShadowTessellator::appendTriangle(uint16_t index0, uint16_t index1, uint16_t index2) {
    auto indices = fIndices.append(3);

    indices[0] = index0;
    indices[1] = index1;
    indices[2] = index2;
}

void SkBaseShadowTessellator::appendQuad(uint16_t index0, uint16_t index1,
                                         uint16_t index2, uint16_t index3) {
    auto indices = fIndices.append(6);

    indices[0] = index0;
    indices[1] = index1;
    indices[2] = index2;

    indices[3] = index2;
    indices[4] = index1;
    indices[5] = index3;
}

//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

class SkAmbientShadowTessellator : public SkBaseShadowTessellator {
public:
    SkAmbientShadowTessellator(const SkPath& path, const SkMatrix& ctm,
                               const SkPoint3& zPlaneParams, bool transparent);

private:
    bool computePathPolygon(const SkPath& path, const SkMatrix& ctm);

    using INHERITED = SkBaseShadowTessellator;
};

SkAmbientShadowTessellator::SkAmbientShadowTessellator(const SkPath& path,
                                                       const SkMatrix& ctm,
                                                       const SkPoint3& zPlaneParams,
                                                       bool transparent)
        : INHERITED(zPlaneParams, path.getBounds(), transparent) {
    // Set base colors
    auto baseZ = heightFunc(fPathBounds.centerX(), fPathBounds.centerY());
    // umbraColor is the interior value, penumbraColor the exterior value.
    auto outset = SkDrawShadowMetrics::AmbientBlurRadius(baseZ);
    auto inset = outset * SkDrawShadowMetrics::AmbientRecipAlpha(baseZ) - outset;

    if (!this->computePathPolygon(path, ctm)) {
        return;
    }
    if (fPathPolygon.count() < 3 || !SkScalarIsFinite(fArea)) {
        fSucceeded = true; // We don't want to try to blur these cases, so we will
                           // return an empty SkVertices instead.
        return;
    }

    // Outer ring: 3*numPts
    // Middle ring: numPts
    fPositions.setReserve(4 * path.countPoints());
    fColors.setReserve(4 * path.countPoints());
    // Outer ring: 12*numPts
    // Middle ring: 0
    fIndices.setReserve(12 * path.countPoints());

    if (fIsConvex) {
        fSucceeded = this->computeConvexShadow(inset, outset, false);
    } else {
        fSucceeded = this->computeConcaveShadow(inset, outset);
    }
}

bool SkAmbientShadowTessellator::computePathPolygon(const SkPath& path, const SkMatrix& ctm) {
    fPathPolygon.setReserve(path.countPoints());

    // walk around the path, tessellate and generate outer ring
    // if original path is transparent, will accumulate sum of points for centroid
    SkPath::Iter iter(path, true);
    SkPoint pts[4];
    SkPath::Verb verb;
    bool verbSeen = false;
    bool closeSeen = false;
    while ((verb = iter.next(pts)) != SkPath::kDone_Verb) {
        if (closeSeen) {
            return false;
        }
        switch (verb) {
            case SkPath::kLine_Verb:
                this->handleLine(ctm, &pts[1]);
                break;
            case SkPath::kQuad_Verb:
                this->handleQuad(ctm, pts);
                break;
            case SkPath::kCubic_Verb:
                this->handleCubic(ctm, pts);
                break;
            case SkPath::kConic_Verb:
                this->handleConic(ctm, pts, iter.conicWeight());
                break;
            case SkPath::kMove_Verb:
                if (verbSeen) {
                    return false;
                }
                break;
            case SkPath::kClose_Verb:
            case SkPath::kDone_Verb:
                closeSeen = true;
                break;
        }
        verbSeen = true;
    }

    this->finishPathPolygon();
    return true;
}

///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

class SkSpotShadowTessellator : public SkBaseShadowTessellator {
public:
    SkSpotShadowTessellator(const SkPath& path, const SkMatrix& ctm,
                            const SkPoint3& zPlaneParams, const SkPoint3& lightPos,
                            SkScalar lightRadius, bool transparent, bool directional);

private:
    bool computeClipAndPathPolygons(const SkPath& path, const SkMatrix& ctm,
                                    const SkMatrix& shadowTransform);
    void addToClip(const SkVector& nextPoint);

    using INHERITED = SkBaseShadowTessellator;
};

SkSpotShadowTessellator::SkSpotShadowTessellator(const SkPath& path, const SkMatrix& ctm,
                                                 const SkPoint3& zPlaneParams,
                                                 const SkPoint3& lightPos, SkScalar lightRadius,
                                                 bool transparent, bool directional)
    : INHERITED(zPlaneParams, path.getBounds(), transparent) {

    // Compute the blur radius, scale and translation for the spot shadow.
    SkMatrix shadowTransform;
    SkScalar outset;
    if (!SkDrawShadowMetrics::GetSpotShadowTransform(lightPos, lightRadius, ctm, zPlaneParams,
                                                     path.getBounds(), directional,
                                                     &shadowTransform, &outset)) {
        return;
    }
    SkScalar inset = outset;

    // compute rough clip bounds for umbra, plus offset polygon, plus centroid
    if (!this->computeClipAndPathPolygons(path, ctm, shadowTransform)) {
        return;
    }
    if (fClipPolygon.count() < 3 || fPathPolygon.count() < 3 || !SkScalarIsFinite(fArea)) {
        fSucceeded = true; // We don't want to try to blur these cases, so we will
                           // return an empty SkVertices instead.
        return;
    }

    // TODO: calculate these reserves better
    // Penumbra ring: 3*numPts
    // Umbra ring: numPts
    // Inner ring: numPts
    fPositions.setReserve(5 * path.countPoints());
    fColors.setReserve(5 * path.countPoints());
    // Penumbra ring: 12*numPts
    // Umbra ring: 3*numPts
    fIndices.setReserve(15 * path.countPoints());

    if (fIsConvex) {
        fSucceeded = this->computeConvexShadow(inset, outset, true);
    } else {
        fSucceeded = this->computeConcaveShadow(inset, outset);
    }

    if (!fSucceeded) {
        return;
    }

    fSucceeded = true;
}

bool SkSpotShadowTessellator::computeClipAndPathPolygons(const SkPath& path, const SkMatrix& ctm,
                                                         const SkMatrix& shadowTransform) {

    fPathPolygon.setReserve(path.countPoints());
    fClipPolygon.setReserve(path.countPoints());

    // Walk around the path and compute clip polygon and path polygon.
    // Will also accumulate sum of areas for centroid.
    // For Bezier curves, we compute additional interior points on curve.
    SkPath::Iter iter(path, true);
    SkPoint pts[4];
    SkPoint clipPts[4];
    SkPath::Verb verb;

    // coefficients to compute cubic Bezier at t = 5/16
    static constexpr SkScalar kA = 0.32495117187f;
    static constexpr SkScalar kB = 0.44311523437f;
    static constexpr SkScalar kC = 0.20141601562f;
    static constexpr SkScalar kD = 0.03051757812f;

    SkPoint curvePoint;
    SkScalar w;
    bool closeSeen = false;
    bool verbSeen = false;
    while ((verb = iter.next(pts)) != SkPath::kDone_Verb) {
        if (closeSeen) {
            return false;
        }
        switch (verb) {
            case SkPath::kLine_Verb:
                ctm.mapPoints(clipPts, &pts[1], 1);
                this->addToClip(clipPts[0]);
                this->handleLine(shadowTransform, &pts[1]);
                break;
            case SkPath::kQuad_Verb:
                ctm.mapPoints(clipPts, pts, 3);
                // point at t = 1/2
                curvePoint.fX = 0.25f*clipPts[0].fX + 0.5f*clipPts[1].fX + 0.25f*clipPts[2].fX;
                curvePoint.fY = 0.25f*clipPts[0].fY + 0.5f*clipPts[1].fY + 0.25f*clipPts[2].fY;
                this->addToClip(curvePoint);
                this->addToClip(clipPts[2]);
                this->handleQuad(shadowTransform, pts);
                break;
            case SkPath::kConic_Verb:
                ctm.mapPoints(clipPts, pts, 3);
                w = iter.conicWeight();
                // point at t = 1/2
                curvePoint.fX = 0.25f*clipPts[0].fX + w*0.5f*clipPts[1].fX + 0.25f*clipPts[2].fX;
                curvePoint.fY = 0.25f*clipPts[0].fY + w*0.5f*clipPts[1].fY + 0.25f*clipPts[2].fY;
                curvePoint *= SkScalarInvert(0.5f + 0.5f*w);
                this->addToClip(curvePoint);
                this->addToClip(clipPts[2]);
                this->handleConic(shadowTransform, pts, w);
                break;
            case SkPath::kCubic_Verb:
                ctm.mapPoints(clipPts, pts, 4);
                // point at t = 5/16
                curvePoint.fX = kA*clipPts[0].fX + kB*clipPts[1].fX
                              + kC*clipPts[2].fX + kD*clipPts[3].fX;
                curvePoint.fY = kA*clipPts[0].fY + kB*clipPts[1].fY
                              + kC*clipPts[2].fY + kD*clipPts[3].fY;
                this->addToClip(curvePoint);
                // point at t = 11/16
                curvePoint.fX = kD*clipPts[0].fX + kC*clipPts[1].fX
                              + kB*clipPts[2].fX + kA*clipPts[3].fX;
                curvePoint.fY = kD*clipPts[0].fY + kC*clipPts[1].fY
                              + kB*clipPts[2].fY + kA*clipPts[3].fY;
                this->addToClip(curvePoint);
                this->addToClip(clipPts[3]);
                this->handleCubic(shadowTransform, pts);
                break;
            case SkPath::kMove_Verb:
                if (verbSeen) {
                    return false;
                }
                break;
            case SkPath::kClose_Verb:
            case SkPath::kDone_Verb:
                closeSeen = true;
                break;
            default:
                SkDEBUGFAIL("unknown verb");
        }
        verbSeen = true;
    }

    this->finishPathPolygon();
    return true;
}

void SkSpotShadowTessellator::addToClip(const SkPoint& point) {
    if (fClipPolygon.isEmpty() || !duplicate_pt(point, fClipPolygon[fClipPolygon.count() - 1])) {
        fClipPolygon.push_back(point);
    }
}

///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

sk_sp<SkVertices> SkShadowTessellator::MakeAmbient(const SkPath& path, const SkMatrix& ctm,
                                                   const SkPoint3& zPlane, bool transparent) {
    if (!ctm.mapRect(path.getBounds()).isFinite() || !zPlane.isFinite()) {
        return nullptr;
    }
    SkAmbientShadowTessellator ambientTess(path, ctm, zPlane, transparent);
    return ambientTess.releaseVertices();
}

sk_sp<SkVertices> SkShadowTessellator::MakeSpot(const SkPath& path, const SkMatrix& ctm,
                                                const SkPoint3& zPlane, const SkPoint3& lightPos,
                                                SkScalar lightRadius,  bool transparent,
                                                bool directional) {
    if (!ctm.mapRect(path.getBounds()).isFinite() || !zPlane.isFinite() ||
        !lightPos.isFinite() || !(lightPos.fZ >= SK_ScalarNearlyZero) ||
        !SkScalarIsFinite(lightRadius) || !(lightRadius >= SK_ScalarNearlyZero)) {
        return nullptr;
    }
    SkSpotShadowTessellator spotTess(path, ctm, zPlane, lightPos, lightRadius, transparent,
                                     directional);
    return spotTess.releaseVertices();
}