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1 /*
2  * Copyright (c) 2009, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
3  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
4  *
5  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
6  * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
7  * published by the Free Software Foundation.
8  *
9  * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
10  * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
11  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
12  * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
13  * accompanied this code).
14  *
15  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
16  * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
17  * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
18  *
19  * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
20  * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
21  * questions.
22  */
23 
24 /* @test
25  * @summary example code used in javadoc for java.lang.invoke API
26  * @compile JavaDocExamplesTest.java
27  * @run testng/othervm test.java.lang.invoke.JavaDocExamplesTest
28  */
29 
30 package test.java.lang.invoke;
31 
32 import java.io.StringWriter;
33 import java.lang.invoke.*;
34 import static java.lang.invoke.MethodHandles.*;
35 import static java.lang.invoke.MethodType.*;
36 
37 import java.util.*;
38 
39 import org.testng.*;
40 import org.testng.annotations.*;
41 
42 /**
43  * @author jrose
44  */
45 public class JavaDocExamplesTest {
46     /** Wrapper for running the TestNG tests in this module.
47      *  Put TestNG on the classpath!
48      */
main(String... ignore)49     public static void main(String... ignore) throws Throwable {
50       new JavaDocExamplesTest().run();
51     }
52 
run()53     public void run() throws Throwable {
54       // Android-removed: not used.
55       /*
56         testMisc();
57         testFindStatic();
58         testFindConstructor();
59         testFindVirtual();
60         testFindSpecial();
61         testPermuteArguments();
62         testZero();
63         testDropArguments();
64         testDropArgumentsToMatch();
65         testFilterArguments();
66         testFoldArguments();
67         testFoldArguments2();
68         testMethodHandlesSummary();
69         testAsSpreader();
70         testAsCollector();
71         testAsVarargsCollector();
72         testAsFixedArity();
73         testAsTypeCornerCases();
74         testMutableCallSite();
75       */
76     }
77     // How much output?
78     static final Class<?> THIS_CLASS = JavaDocExamplesTest.class;
79     static int verbosity = Integer.getInteger(THIS_CLASS.getSimpleName()+".verbosity", 0);
80 
81 
82 {}
83 private static final Lookup LOOKUP = lookup();
84 // static final private MethodHandle CONCAT_1 = LOOKUP.findVirtual(String.class,
85 //     "concat", methodType(String.class, String.class));
86 // static final private MethodHandle HASHCODE_1 = LOOKUP.findVirtual(Object.class,
87 //     "hashCode", methodType(int.class));
88 
89 // form required if ReflectiveOperationException is intercepted:
90     private static final MethodHandle CONCAT_2, HASHCODE_2, ADD_2, SUB_2;
91 static {
92   try {
93     Class<?> THIS_CLASS = LOOKUP.lookupClass();
94     CONCAT_2 = LOOKUP.findVirtual(String.class,
95       "concat", methodType(String.class, String.class));
96     HASHCODE_2 = LOOKUP.findVirtual(Object.class,
97       "hashCode", methodType(int.class));
98     ADD_2 = LOOKUP.findStatic(THIS_CLASS, "add", methodType(int.class, int.class, int.class));
99     SUB_2 = LOOKUP.findStatic(THIS_CLASS, "sub", methodType(int.class, int.class, int.class));
100    } catch (ReflectiveOperationException ex) {
101      throw new RuntimeException(ex);
102    }
103 }
add(int x, int y)104     static int add(int x, int y) { return x + y; }
sub(int x, int y)105     static int sub(int x, int y) { return x - y; }
106 
107 {}
108 
testMisc()109     @Test public void testMisc() throws Throwable {
110 // Extra tests, not from javadoc:
111 {}
112 MethodHandle CONCAT_3 = LOOKUP.findVirtual(String.class,
113   "concat", methodType(String.class, String.class));
114 MethodHandle HASHCODE_3 = LOOKUP.findVirtual(Object.class,
115   "hashCode", methodType(int.class));
116 //assertEquals("xy", (String) CONCAT_1.invokeExact("x", "y"));
117 assertEquals("xy", (String) CONCAT_2.invokeExact("x", "y"));
118 assertEquals("xy", (String) CONCAT_3.invokeExact("x", "y"));
119 //assertEquals("xy".hashCode(), (int) HASHCODE_1.invokeExact((Object)"xy"));
120 assertEquals("xy".hashCode(), (int) HASHCODE_2.invokeExact((Object)"xy"));
121 assertEquals("xy".hashCode(), (int) HASHCODE_3.invokeExact((Object)"xy"));
122 {}
123     }
124 
testFindStatic()125     @Test public void testFindStatic() throws Throwable {
126 {}
127 MethodHandle MH_asList = publicLookup().findStatic(Arrays.class,
128   "asList", methodType(List.class, Object[].class));
129 assertEquals("[x, y]", MH_asList.invoke("x", "y").toString());
130 {}
131     }
132 
testFindVirtual()133     @Test public void testFindVirtual() throws Throwable {
134 {}
135 MethodHandle MH_concat = publicLookup().findVirtual(String.class,
136   "concat", methodType(String.class, String.class));
137 MethodHandle MH_hashCode = publicLookup().findVirtual(Object.class,
138   "hashCode", methodType(int.class));
139 MethodHandle MH_hashCode_String = publicLookup().findVirtual(String.class,
140   "hashCode", methodType(int.class));
141 assertEquals("xy", (String) MH_concat.invokeExact("x", "y"));
142 assertEquals("xy".hashCode(), (int) MH_hashCode.invokeExact((Object)"xy"));
143 assertEquals("xy".hashCode(), (int) MH_hashCode_String.invokeExact("xy"));
144 // interface method:
145 MethodHandle MH_subSequence = publicLookup().findVirtual(CharSequence.class,
146   "subSequence", methodType(CharSequence.class, int.class, int.class));
147 assertEquals("def", MH_subSequence.invoke("abcdefghi", 3, 6).toString());
148 // constructor "internal method" must be accessed differently:
149 MethodType MT_newString = methodType(void.class); //()V for new String()
150 try { assertEquals("impossible", lookup()
151         .findVirtual(String.class, "<init>", MT_newString));
152  } catch (NoSuchMethodException ex) { } // OK
153 MethodHandle MH_newString = publicLookup()
154   .findConstructor(String.class, MT_newString);
155 assertEquals("", (String) MH_newString.invokeExact());
156 {}
157     }
158 
testFindConstructor()159     @Test public void testFindConstructor() throws Throwable {
160 {}
161 MethodHandle MH_newArrayList = publicLookup().findConstructor(
162   ArrayList.class, methodType(void.class, Collection.class));
163 Collection orig = Arrays.asList("x", "y");
164 Collection copy = (ArrayList) MH_newArrayList.invokeExact(orig);
165 assert(orig != copy);
166 assertEquals(orig, copy);
167 // a variable-arity constructor:
168 MethodHandle MH_newProcessBuilder = publicLookup().findConstructor(
169   ProcessBuilder.class, methodType(void.class, String[].class));
170 ProcessBuilder pb = (ProcessBuilder)
171   MH_newProcessBuilder.invoke("x", "y", "z");
172 assertEquals("[x, y, z]", pb.command().toString());
173 {}
174     }
175 
176 // for testFindSpecial
177 {}
178 static class Listie extends ArrayList {
toString()179   public String toString() { return "[wee Listie]"; }
lookup()180   static Lookup lookup() { return MethodHandles.lookup(); }
181 }
182 {}
183 
184 // Android-removed: test fails, needs investigating (b/207844518).
185 /*
186     @Test public void testFindSpecial() throws Throwable {
187 {}
188 // no access to constructor via invokeSpecial:
189 MethodHandle MH_newListie = Listie.lookup()
190   .findConstructor(Listie.class, methodType(void.class));
191 Listie l = (Listie) MH_newListie.invokeExact();
192 try { assertEquals("impossible", Listie.lookup().findSpecial(
193         Listie.class, "<init>", methodType(void.class), Listie.class));
194  } catch (NoSuchMethodException ex) { } // OK
195 // access to super and self methods via invokeSpecial:
196 MethodHandle MH_super = Listie.lookup().findSpecial(
197   ArrayList.class, "toString" , methodType(String.class), Listie.class);
198 MethodHandle MH_this = Listie.lookup().findSpecial(
199   Listie.class, "toString" , methodType(String.class), Listie.class);
200 MethodHandle MH_duper = Listie.lookup().findSpecial(
201   Object.class, "toString" , methodType(String.class), Listie.class);
202 assertEquals("[]", (String) MH_super.invokeExact(l));
203 assertEquals(""+l, (String) MH_this.invokeExact(l));
204 assertEquals("[]", (String) MH_duper.invokeExact(l)); // ArrayList method
205 try { assertEquals("inaccessible", Listie.lookup().findSpecial(
206         String.class, "toString", methodType(String.class), Listie.class));
207  } catch (IllegalAccessException ex) { } // OK
208 Listie subl = new Listie() { public String toString() { return "[subclass]"; } };
209 assertEquals(""+l, (String) MH_this.invokeExact(subl)); // Listie method
210 {}
211     }
212 */
213 
testPermuteArguments()214     @Test public void testPermuteArguments() throws Throwable {
215         {{
216 {} /// JAVADOC
217 MethodType intfn1 = methodType(int.class, int.class);
218 MethodType intfn2 = methodType(int.class, int.class, int.class);
219 MethodHandle sub = SUB_2;// ... {int x, int y => x-y} ...;
220 assert(sub.type().equals(intfn2));
221 MethodHandle sub1 = permuteArguments(sub, intfn2, 0, 1);
222 MethodHandle rsub = permuteArguments(sub, intfn2, 1, 0);
223 assert((int)rsub.invokeExact(1, 100) == 99);
224 MethodHandle add = ADD_2;// ... {int x, int y => x+y} ...;
225 assert(add.type().equals(intfn2));
226 MethodHandle twice = permuteArguments(add, intfn1, 0, 0);
227 assert(twice.type().equals(intfn1));
228 assert((int)twice.invokeExact(21) == 42);
229             }}
230         {{
231 {} /// JAVADOC
232 MethodHandle cat = lookup().findVirtual(String.class,
233   "concat", methodType(String.class, String.class));
234 assertEquals("xy", (String) cat.invokeExact("x", "y"));
235 MethodHandle d0 = dropArguments(cat, 0, String.class);
236 assertEquals("yz", (String) d0.invokeExact("x", "y", "z"));
237 MethodHandle d1 = dropArguments(cat, 1, String.class);
238 assertEquals("xz", (String) d1.invokeExact("x", "y", "z"));
239 MethodHandle d2 = dropArguments(cat, 2, String.class);
240 assertEquals("xy", (String) d2.invokeExact("x", "y", "z"));
241 MethodHandle d12 = dropArguments(cat, 1, int.class, boolean.class);
242 assertEquals("xz", (String) d12.invokeExact("x", 12, true, "z"));
243             }}
244     }
245 
testZero()246 @Test public void testZero() throws Throwable {
247         {{
248 {} /// JAVADOC
249 Class<?> type = Double.class;
250 MethodHandle mh1 = MethodHandles.explicitCastArguments(MethodHandles.constant(Object.class, null), methodType(type));
251 assertEquals("()Double", mh1.type().toString());
252 MethodHandle mh2 = MethodHandles.empty(methodType(type));
253 assertEquals("()Double", mh2.type().toString());
254         }}
255    }
256 
testDropArguments()257     @Test public void testDropArguments() throws Throwable {
258         {{
259 {} /// JAVADOC
260 MethodHandle cat = lookup().findVirtual(String.class,
261   "concat", methodType(String.class, String.class));
262 assertEquals("xy", (String) cat.invokeExact("x", "y"));
263 MethodType bigType = cat.type().insertParameterTypes(0, int.class, String.class);
264 MethodHandle d0 = dropArguments(cat, 0, bigType.parameterList().subList(0,2));
265 assertEquals(bigType, d0.type());
266 assertEquals("yz", (String) d0.invokeExact(123, "x", "y", "z"));
267             }}
268         {{
269 {} /// JAVADOC
270 MethodHandle cat = lookup().findVirtual(String.class,
271   "concat", methodType(String.class, String.class));
272 assertEquals("xy", (String) cat.invokeExact("x", "y"));
273 MethodHandle d0 = dropArguments(cat, 0, String.class);
274 assertEquals("yz", (String) d0.invokeExact("x", "y", "z"));
275 MethodHandle d1 = dropArguments(cat, 1, String.class);
276 assertEquals("xz", (String) d1.invokeExact("x", "y", "z"));
277 MethodHandle d2 = dropArguments(cat, 2, String.class);
278 assertEquals("xy", (String) d2.invokeExact("x", "y", "z"));
279 MethodHandle d12 = dropArguments(cat, 1, int.class, boolean.class);
280 assertEquals("xz", (String) d12.invokeExact("x", 12, true, "z"));
281             }}
282     }
283 
testDropArgumentsToMatch()284     @Test public void testDropArgumentsToMatch() throws Throwable {
285         {{
286 {} /// JAVADOC
287 MethodHandle h0= constant(boolean.class, true);
288 MethodHandle h1 = lookup().findVirtual(String.class, "concat", methodType(String.class, String.class));
289 MethodType bigType = h1.type().insertParameterTypes(1, String.class, int.class);
290 MethodHandle h2 = dropArguments(h1, 0, bigType.parameterList());
291 if (h1.type().parameterCount() < h2.type().parameterCount()) {
292     h1 = dropArgumentsToMatch(h1, 0, h2.type().parameterList(), 0);  // lengthen h1
293 }
294 else {
295     h2 = dropArgumentsToMatch(h2, 0, h1.type().parameterList(), 0);    // lengthen h2
296 }
297 MethodHandle h3 = guardWithTest(h0, h1, h2);
298 assertEquals("xy", h3.invoke("x", "y", 1, "a", "b", "c"));
299         }}
300     }
301 
testFilterArguments()302     @Test public void testFilterArguments() throws Throwable {
303         {{
304 {} /// JAVADOC
305 MethodHandle cat = lookup().findVirtual(String.class,
306   "concat", methodType(String.class, String.class));
307 MethodHandle upcase = lookup().findVirtual(String.class,
308   "toUpperCase", methodType(String.class));
309 assertEquals("xy", (String) cat.invokeExact("x", "y"));
310 MethodHandle f0 = filterArguments(cat, 0, upcase);
311 assertEquals("Xy", (String) f0.invokeExact("x", "y")); // Xy
312 MethodHandle f1 = filterArguments(cat, 1, upcase);
313 assertEquals("xY", (String) f1.invokeExact("x", "y")); // xY
314 MethodHandle f2 = filterArguments(cat, 0, upcase, upcase);
315 assertEquals("XY", (String) f2.invokeExact("x", "y")); // XY
316             }}
317     }
318 
testCollectArguments()319     @Test public void testCollectArguments() throws Throwable {
320         {{
321 {} /// JAVADOC
322 MethodHandle deepToString = publicLookup()
323   .findStatic(Arrays.class, "deepToString", methodType(String.class, Object[].class));
324 MethodHandle ts1 = deepToString.asCollector(String[].class, 1);
325 assertEquals("[strange]", (String) ts1.invokeExact("strange"));
326 MethodHandle ts2 = deepToString.asCollector(String[].class, 2);
327 assertEquals("[up, down]", (String) ts2.invokeExact("up", "down"));
328 MethodHandle ts3 = deepToString.asCollector(String[].class, 3);
329 MethodHandle ts3_ts2 = collectArguments(ts3, 1, ts2);
330 assertEquals("[top, [up, down], strange]",
331              (String) ts3_ts2.invokeExact("top", "up", "down", "strange"));
332 MethodHandle ts3_ts2_ts1 = collectArguments(ts3_ts2, 3, ts1);
333 assertEquals("[top, [up, down], [strange]]",
334              (String) ts3_ts2_ts1.invokeExact("top", "up", "down", "strange"));
335 MethodHandle ts3_ts2_ts3 = collectArguments(ts3_ts2, 1, ts3);
336 assertEquals("[top, [[up, down, strange], charm], bottom]",
337              (String) ts3_ts2_ts3.invokeExact("top", "up", "down", "strange", "charm", "bottom"));
338             }}
339     }
340 
testFoldArguments()341     @Test public void testFoldArguments() throws Throwable {
342         {{
343 {} /// JAVADOC
344 MethodHandle trace = publicLookup().findVirtual(java.io.PrintStream.class,
345   "println", methodType(void.class, String.class))
346     .bindTo(System.out);
347 MethodHandle cat = lookup().findVirtual(String.class,
348   "concat", methodType(String.class, String.class));
349 assertEquals("boojum", (String) cat.invokeExact("boo", "jum"));
350 MethodHandle catTrace = foldArguments(cat, trace);
351 // also prints "boo":
352 assertEquals("boojum", (String) catTrace.invokeExact("boo", "jum"));
353             }}
354     }
355 
assertEquals(Object exp, Object act)356     static void assertEquals(Object exp, Object act) {
357         if (verbosity > 0)
358             System.out.println("result: "+act);
359         Assert.assertEquals(exp, act);
360     }
361 
assertTrue(boolean b)362     static void assertTrue(boolean b) {
363         if (verbosity > 0) {
364             System.out.println("result: " + b);
365         }
366         Assert.assertTrue(b);
367     }
368 
testMethodHandlesSummary()369     @Test public void testMethodHandlesSummary() throws Throwable {
370         {{
371 {} /// JAVADOC
372 Object x, y; String s; int i;
373 MethodType mt; MethodHandle mh;
374 MethodHandles.Lookup lookup = MethodHandles.lookup();
375 // mt is (char,char)String
376 mt = MethodType.methodType(String.class, char.class, char.class);
377 mh = lookup.findVirtual(String.class, "replace", mt);
378 s = (String) mh.invokeExact("daddy",'d','n');
379 // invokeExact(Ljava/lang/String;CC)Ljava/lang/String;
380 assertEquals(s, "nanny");
381 // weakly typed invocation (using MHs.invoke)
382 s = (String) mh.invokeWithArguments("sappy", 'p', 'v');
383 assertEquals(s, "savvy");
384 // mt is (Object[])List
385 mt = MethodType.methodType(java.util.List.class, Object[].class);
386 mh = lookup.findStatic(java.util.Arrays.class, "asList", mt);
387 assert(mh.isVarargsCollector());
388 x = mh.invoke("one", "two");
389 // invoke(Ljava/lang/String;Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/Object;
390 assertEquals(x, java.util.Arrays.asList("one","two"));
391 // mt is (Object,Object,Object)Object
392 mt = MethodType.genericMethodType(3);
393 mh = mh.asType(mt);
394 x = mh.invokeExact((Object)1, (Object)2, (Object)3);
395 // invokeExact(Ljava/lang/Object;Ljava/lang/Object;Ljava/lang/Object;)Ljava/lang/Object;
396 assertEquals(x, java.util.Arrays.asList(1,2,3));
397 // mt is ()int
398 mt = MethodType.methodType(int.class);
399 mh = lookup.findVirtual(java.util.List.class, "size", mt);
400 i = (int) mh.invokeExact(java.util.Arrays.asList(1,2,3));
401 // invokeExact(Ljava/util/List;)I
402 assert(i == 3);
403 mt = MethodType.methodType(void.class, String.class);
404 mh = lookup.findVirtual(java.io.PrintStream.class, "println", mt);
405 mh.invokeExact(System.out, "Hello, world.");
406 // invokeExact(Ljava/io/PrintStream;Ljava/lang/String;)V
407 {}
408             }}
409     }
410 
testAsSpreader()411     @Test public void testAsSpreader() throws Throwable {
412         {{
413 {} /// JAVADOC
414 MethodHandle equals = publicLookup()
415   .findVirtual(String.class, "equals", methodType(boolean.class, Object.class));
416 assert( (boolean) equals.invokeExact("me", (Object)"me"));
417 assert(!(boolean) equals.invokeExact("me", (Object)"thee"));
418 // spread both arguments from a 2-array:
419 MethodHandle eq2 = equals.asSpreader(Object[].class, 2);
420 assert( (boolean) eq2.invokeExact(new Object[]{ "me", "me" }));
421 assert(!(boolean) eq2.invokeExact(new Object[]{ "me", "thee" }));
422 // try to spread from anything but a 2-array:
423 for (int n = 0; n <= 10; n++) {
424   Object[] badArityArgs = (n == 2 ? new Object[0] : new Object[n]);
425   try { assert((boolean) eq2.invokeExact(badArityArgs) && false); }
426   catch (IllegalArgumentException ex) { } // OK
427 }
428 // spread both arguments from a String array:
429 MethodHandle eq2s = equals.asSpreader(String[].class, 2);
430 assert( (boolean) eq2s.invokeExact(new String[]{ "me", "me" }));
431 assert(!(boolean) eq2s.invokeExact(new String[]{ "me", "thee" }));
432 // spread second arguments from a 1-array:
433 MethodHandle eq1 = equals.asSpreader(Object[].class, 1);
434 assert( (boolean) eq1.invokeExact("me", new Object[]{ "me" }));
435 assert(!(boolean) eq1.invokeExact("me", new Object[]{ "thee" }));
436 // spread no arguments from a 0-array or null:
437 MethodHandle eq0 = equals.asSpreader(Object[].class, 0);
438 assert( (boolean) eq0.invokeExact("me", (Object)"me", new Object[0]));
439 assert(!(boolean) eq0.invokeExact("me", (Object)"thee", (Object[])null));
440 // asSpreader and asCollector are approximate inverses:
441 for (int n = 0; n <= 2; n++) {
442     for (Class<?> a : new Class<?>[]{Object[].class, String[].class, CharSequence[].class}) {
443         MethodHandle equals2 = equals.asSpreader(a, n).asCollector(a, n);
444         assert( (boolean) equals2.invokeWithArguments("me", "me"));
445         assert(!(boolean) equals2.invokeWithArguments("me", "thee"));
446     }
447 }
448 MethodHandle caToString = publicLookup()
449   .findStatic(Arrays.class, "toString", methodType(String.class, char[].class));
450 assertEquals("[A, B, C]", (String) caToString.invokeExact("ABC".toCharArray()));
451 MethodHandle caString3 = caToString.asCollector(char[].class, 3);
452 assertEquals("[A, B, C]", (String) caString3.invokeExact('A', 'B', 'C'));
453 MethodHandle caToString2 = caString3.asSpreader(char[].class, 2);
454 assertEquals("[A, B, C]", (String) caToString2.invokeExact('A', "BC".toCharArray()));
455             }}
456     }
457 
testAsCollector()458     @Test public void testAsCollector() throws Throwable {
459         {{
460 {} /// JAVADOC
461 MethodHandle deepToString = publicLookup()
462   .findStatic(Arrays.class, "deepToString", methodType(String.class, Object[].class));
463 assertEquals("[won]",   (String) deepToString.invokeExact(new Object[]{"won"}));
464 MethodHandle ts1 = deepToString.asCollector(Object[].class, 1);
465 assertEquals(methodType(String.class, Object.class), ts1.type());
466 //assertEquals("[won]", (String) ts1.invokeExact(         new Object[]{"won"})); //FAIL
467 assertEquals("[[won]]", (String) ts1.invokeExact((Object) new Object[]{"won"}));
468 // arrayType can be a subtype of Object[]
469 MethodHandle ts2 = deepToString.asCollector(String[].class, 2);
470 assertEquals(methodType(String.class, String.class, String.class), ts2.type());
471 assertEquals("[two, too]", (String) ts2.invokeExact("two", "too"));
472 MethodHandle ts0 = deepToString.asCollector(Object[].class, 0);
473 assertEquals("[]", (String) ts0.invokeExact());
474 // collectors can be nested, Lisp-style
475 MethodHandle ts22 = deepToString.asCollector(Object[].class, 3).asCollector(String[].class, 2);
476 assertEquals("[A, B, [C, D]]", ((String) ts22.invokeExact((Object)'A', (Object)"B", "C", "D")));
477 // arrayType can be any primitive array type
478 MethodHandle bytesToString = publicLookup()
479   .findStatic(Arrays.class, "toString", methodType(String.class, byte[].class))
480   .asCollector(byte[].class, 3);
481 assertEquals("[1, 2, 3]", (String) bytesToString.invokeExact((byte)1, (byte)2, (byte)3));
482 MethodHandle longsToString = publicLookup()
483   .findStatic(Arrays.class, "toString", methodType(String.class, long[].class))
484   .asCollector(long[].class, 1);
485 assertEquals("[123]", (String) longsToString.invokeExact((long)123));
486             }}
487     }
488 
489     @SuppressWarnings("rawtypes")
testAsVarargsCollector()490     @Test public void testAsVarargsCollector() throws Throwable {
491         {{
492 {} /// JAVADOC
493 MethodHandle deepToString = publicLookup()
494   .findStatic(Arrays.class, "deepToString", methodType(String.class, Object[].class));
495 MethodHandle ts1 = deepToString.asVarargsCollector(Object[].class);
496 assertEquals("[won]",   (String) ts1.invokeExact(    new Object[]{"won"}));
497 assertEquals("[won]",   (String) ts1.invoke(         new Object[]{"won"}));
498 assertEquals("[won]",   (String) ts1.invoke(                      "won" ));
499 assertEquals("[[won]]", (String) ts1.invoke((Object) new Object[]{"won"}));
500 // findStatic of Arrays.asList(...) produces a variable arity method handle:
501 MethodHandle asList = publicLookup()
502   .findStatic(Arrays.class, "asList", methodType(List.class, Object[].class));
503 assertEquals(methodType(List.class, Object[].class), asList.type());
504 assert(asList.isVarargsCollector());
505 assertEquals("[]", asList.invoke().toString());
506 assertEquals("[1]", asList.invoke(1).toString());
507 assertEquals("[two, too]", asList.invoke("two", "too").toString());
508 String[] argv = { "three", "thee", "tee" };
509 assertEquals("[three, thee, tee]", asList.invoke(argv).toString());
510 assertEquals("[three, thee, tee]", asList.invoke((Object[])argv).toString());
511 List ls = (List) asList.invoke((Object)argv);
512 assertEquals(1, ls.size());
513 assertEquals("[three, thee, tee]", Arrays.toString((Object[])ls.get(0)));
514             }}
515     }
516 
testAsFixedArity()517     @Test public void testAsFixedArity() throws Throwable {
518         {{
519 {} /// JAVADOC
520 MethodHandle asListVar = publicLookup()
521   .findStatic(Arrays.class, "asList", methodType(List.class, Object[].class))
522   .asVarargsCollector(Object[].class);
523 MethodHandle asListFix = asListVar.asFixedArity();
524 assertEquals("[1]", asListVar.invoke(1).toString());
525 Exception caught = null;
526 try { asListFix.invoke((Object)1); }
527 catch (Exception ex) { caught = ex; }
528 assert(caught instanceof ClassCastException);
529 assertEquals("[two, too]", asListVar.invoke("two", "too").toString());
530 try { asListFix.invoke("two", "too"); }
531 catch (Exception ex) { caught = ex; }
532 assert(caught instanceof WrongMethodTypeException);
533 Object[] argv = { "three", "thee", "tee" };
534 assertEquals("[three, thee, tee]", asListVar.invoke(argv).toString());
535 assertEquals("[three, thee, tee]", asListFix.invoke(argv).toString());
536 assertEquals(1, ((List) asListVar.invoke((Object)argv)).size());
537 assertEquals("[three, thee, tee]", asListFix.invoke((Object)argv).toString());
538             }}
539     }
540 
testAsTypeCornerCases()541     @Test public void testAsTypeCornerCases() throws Throwable {
542         {{
543 {} /// JAVADOC
544 MethodHandle i2s = publicLookup()
545   .findVirtual(Integer.class, "toString", methodType(String.class));
546 i2s = i2s.asType(i2s.type().unwrap());
547 MethodHandle l2s = publicLookup()
548   .findVirtual(Long.class, "toString", methodType(String.class));
549 l2s = l2s.asType(l2s.type().unwrap());
550 
551 Exception caught = null;
552 try { i2s.asType(methodType(String.class, String.class)); }
553 catch (Exception ex) { caught = ex; }
554 assert(caught instanceof WrongMethodTypeException);
555 
556 i2s.asType(methodType(String.class, byte.class));
557 i2s.asType(methodType(String.class, Byte.class));
558 i2s.asType(methodType(String.class, Character.class));
559 i2s.asType(methodType(String.class, Integer.class));
560 l2s.asType(methodType(String.class, byte.class));
561 l2s.asType(methodType(String.class, Byte.class));
562 l2s.asType(methodType(String.class, Character.class));
563 l2s.asType(methodType(String.class, Integer.class));
564 l2s.asType(methodType(String.class, Long.class));
565 
566 caught = null;
567 try { i2s.asType(methodType(String.class, Long.class)); }
568 catch (Exception ex) { caught = ex; }
569 assert(caught instanceof WrongMethodTypeException);
570 
571 MethodHandle i2sGen = i2s.asType(methodType(String.class, Object.class));
572 MethodHandle l2sGen = l2s.asType(methodType(String.class, Object.class));
573 
574 i2sGen.invoke(42);  // int -> Integer -> Object -> Integer -> int
575 i2sGen.invoke((byte)4);  // byte -> Byte -> Object -> Byte -> byte -> int
576 l2sGen.invoke(42);  // int -> Integer -> Object -> Integer -> int
577 l2sGen.invoke((byte)4);  // byte -> Byte -> Object -> Byte -> byte -> int
578 l2sGen.invoke(0x420000000L);
579 
580 caught = null;
581 try { i2sGen.invoke(0x420000000L); } // long -> Long -> Object -> Integer CCE
582 catch (Exception ex) { caught = ex; }
583 assert(caught instanceof ClassCastException);
584 
585 caught = null;
586 try { i2sGen.invoke("asdf"); } // String -> Object -> Integer CCE
587 catch (Exception ex) { caught = ex; }
588 assert(caught instanceof ClassCastException);
589 {}
590             }}
591     }
592 
testMutableCallSite()593     @Test public void testMutableCallSite() throws Throwable {
594         {{
595 {} /// JAVADOC
596 MutableCallSite name = new MutableCallSite(MethodType.methodType(String.class));
597 MethodHandle MH_name = name.dynamicInvoker();
598 MethodType MT_str1 = MethodType.methodType(String.class);
599 MethodHandle MH_upcase = MethodHandles.lookup()
600     .findVirtual(String.class, "toUpperCase", MT_str1);
601 MethodHandle worker1 = MethodHandles.filterReturnValue(MH_name, MH_upcase);
602 name.setTarget(MethodHandles.constant(String.class, "Rocky"));
603 assertEquals("ROCKY", (String) worker1.invokeExact());
604 name.setTarget(MethodHandles.constant(String.class, "Fred"));
605 assertEquals("FRED", (String) worker1.invokeExact());
606 // (mutation can be continued indefinitely)
607 /*
608  * </pre></blockquote>
609  * <p>
610  * The same call site may be used in several places at once.
611  * <blockquote><pre>
612  */
613 MethodType MT_str2 = MethodType.methodType(String.class, String.class);
614 MethodHandle MH_cat = lookup().findVirtual(String.class,
615   "concat", methodType(String.class, String.class));
616 MethodHandle MH_dear = MethodHandles.insertArguments(MH_cat, 1, ", dear?");
617 MethodHandle worker2 = MethodHandles.filterReturnValue(MH_name, MH_dear);
618 assertEquals("Fred, dear?", (String) worker2.invokeExact());
619 name.setTarget(MethodHandles.constant(String.class, "Wilma"));
620 assertEquals("WILMA", (String) worker1.invokeExact());
621 assertEquals("Wilma, dear?", (String) worker2.invokeExact());
622 {}
623             }}
624     }
625 
626 // Android-removed: SwitchPoint not supported.
627 /*
628     @Test public void testSwitchPoint() throws Throwable {
629         {{
630 {} /// JAVADOC
631 MethodHandle MH_strcat = MethodHandles.lookup()
632     .findVirtual(String.class, "concat", MethodType.methodType(String.class, String.class));
633 SwitchPoint spt = new SwitchPoint();
634 assert(!spt.hasBeenInvalidated());
635 // the following steps may be repeated to re-use the same switch point:
636 MethodHandle worker1 = MH_strcat;
637 MethodHandle worker2 = MethodHandles.permuteArguments(MH_strcat, MH_strcat.type(), 1, 0);
638 MethodHandle worker = spt.guardWithTest(worker1, worker2);
639 assertEquals("method", (String) worker.invokeExact("met", "hod"));
640 SwitchPoint.invalidateAll(new SwitchPoint[]{ spt });
641 assert(spt.hasBeenInvalidated());
642 assertEquals("hodmet", (String) worker.invokeExact("met", "hod"));
643 {}
644             }}
645     }
646 */
647 
testFoldArguments2()648     @Test public void testFoldArguments2() throws Throwable {
649         {{
650 {} /// JAVADOC
651 // argument-based dispatch for methods of the form boolean x.___(y: String)
652 Lookup lookup = publicLookup();
653 // first, a tracing hack:
654 MethodHandle println = lookup.findVirtual(java.io.PrintStream.class, "println", methodType(void.class, String.class));
655 MethodHandle arrayToString = lookup.findStatic(Arrays.class, "toString", methodType(String.class, Object[].class));
656 MethodHandle concat = lookup.findVirtual(String.class, "concat", methodType(String.class, String.class));
657 MethodHandle arrayToString_DIS = filterReturnValue(arrayToString, concat.bindTo("DIS:"));
658 MethodHandle arrayToString_INV = filterReturnValue(arrayToString, concat.bindTo("INV:"));
659 MethodHandle printArgs_DIS = filterReturnValue(arrayToString_DIS, println.bindTo(System.out)).asVarargsCollector(Object[].class);
660 MethodHandle printArgs_INV = filterReturnValue(arrayToString_INV, println.bindTo(System.out)).asVarargsCollector(Object[].class);
661 // metaobject protocol:
662 MethodType mtype = methodType(boolean.class, String.class);
663 MethodHandle findVirtual = lookup.findVirtual(Lookup.class,
664   "findVirtual", methodType(MethodHandle.class, Class.class, String.class, MethodType.class));
665 MethodHandle getClass = lookup.findVirtual(Object.class,
666   "getClass", methodType(Class.class));
667 MethodHandle dispatch = findVirtual;
668 dispatch = filterArguments(dispatch, 1, getClass);
669 dispatch = insertArguments(dispatch, 3, mtype);
670 dispatch = dispatch.bindTo(lookup);
671 assertEquals(methodType(MethodHandle.class, Object.class, String.class), dispatch.type());
672 MethodHandle invoker = invoker(mtype.insertParameterTypes(0, Object.class));
673 // wrap tracing around the dispatch and invoke steps:
674 dispatch = foldArguments(dispatch, printArgs_DIS.asType(dispatch.type().changeReturnType(void.class)));
675 invoker = foldArguments(invoker, printArgs_INV.asType(invoker.type().changeReturnType(void.class)));
676 invoker = dropArguments(invoker, 2, String.class);  // ignore selector
677 // compose the dispatcher and the invoker:
678 MethodHandle invokeDispatched = foldArguments(invoker, dispatch);
679 Object x = "football", y = new java.util.Scanner("bar");
680 assert( (boolean) invokeDispatched.invokeExact(x, "startsWith", "foo"));
681 assert(!(boolean) invokeDispatched.invokeExact(x, "startsWith", "#"));
682 assert( (boolean) invokeDispatched.invokeExact(x, "endsWith", "all"));
683 assert(!(boolean) invokeDispatched.invokeExact(x, "endsWith", "foo"));
684 assert( (boolean) invokeDispatched.invokeExact(y, "hasNext", "[abc]+[rst]"));
685 assert(!(boolean) invokeDispatched.invokeExact(y, "hasNext", "[123]+[789]"));
686             }}
687     }
688 
one(int k)689     static int one(int k) { return 1; }
inc(int i, int acc, int k)690     static int inc(int i, int acc, int k) { return i + 1; }
mult(int i, int acc, int k)691     static int mult(int i, int acc, int k) { return i * acc; }
pred(int i, int acc, int k)692     static boolean pred(int i, int acc, int k) { return i < k; }
fin(int i, int acc, int k)693     static int fin(int i, int acc, int k) { return acc; }
694 
testLoop()695     @Test public void testLoop() throws Throwable {
696         MethodHandle MH_inc, MH_one, MH_mult, MH_pred, MH_fin;
697         Class<?> I = int.class;
698         MH_inc = LOOKUP.findStatic(THIS_CLASS, "inc", methodType(I, I, I, I));
699         MH_one = LOOKUP.findStatic(THIS_CLASS, "one", methodType(I, I));
700         MH_mult = LOOKUP.findStatic(THIS_CLASS, "mult", methodType(I, I, I, I));
701         MH_pred = LOOKUP.findStatic(THIS_CLASS, "pred", methodType(boolean.class, I, I, I));
702         MH_fin = LOOKUP.findStatic(THIS_CLASS, "fin", methodType(I, I, I, I));
703         {{
704 {} /// JAVADOC
705 // iterative implementation of the factorial function as a loop handle
706 // null initializer for counter, should initialize to 0
707 MethodHandle[] counterClause = new MethodHandle[]{null, MH_inc};
708 MethodHandle[] accumulatorClause = new MethodHandle[]{MH_one, MH_mult, MH_pred, MH_fin};
709 MethodHandle loop = MethodHandles.loop(counterClause, accumulatorClause);
710 assertEquals(120, loop.invoke(5));
711 {}
712         }}
713     }
714 
inc(int i)715     static int inc(int i) { return i + 1; } // drop acc, k
mult(int i, int acc)716     static int mult(int i, int acc) { return i * acc; } //drop k
cmp(int i, int k)717     static boolean cmp(int i, int k) { return i < k; }
718 
testSimplerLoop()719     @Test public void testSimplerLoop() throws Throwable {
720         MethodHandle MH_inc, MH_mult, MH_cmp;
721         Class<?> I = int.class;
722         MH_inc = LOOKUP.findStatic(THIS_CLASS, "inc", methodType(I, I));
723         MH_mult = LOOKUP.findStatic(THIS_CLASS, "mult", methodType(I, I, I));
724         MH_cmp = LOOKUP.findStatic(THIS_CLASS, "cmp", methodType(boolean.class, I, I));
725         {{
726 {} /// JAVADOC
727 // simplified implementation of the factorial function as a loop handle
728 // null initializer for counter, should initialize to 0
729 MethodHandle MH_one = MethodHandles.constant(int.class, 1);
730 MethodHandle MH_pred = MethodHandles.dropArguments(MH_cmp, 1, int.class); // drop acc
731 MethodHandle MH_fin = MethodHandles.dropArguments(MethodHandles.identity(int.class), 0, int.class); // drop i
732 MethodHandle[] counterClause = new MethodHandle[]{null, MH_inc};
733 MethodHandle[] accumulatorClause = new MethodHandle[]{MH_one, MH_mult, MH_pred, MH_fin};
734 MethodHandle loop = MethodHandles.loop(counterClause, accumulatorClause);
735 assertEquals(720, loop.invoke(6));
736 {}
737         }}
738     }
739 
740     // for testFacLoop
741 {}
742 static class FacLoop {
743   final int k;
FacLoop(int k)744   FacLoop(int k) { this.k = k; }
inc(int i)745   int inc(int i) { return i + 1; }
mult(int i, int acc)746   int mult(int i, int acc) { return i * acc; }
pred(int i)747   boolean pred(int i) { return i < k; }
fin(int i, int acc)748   int fin(int i, int acc) { return acc; }
749 }
750 {}
751 
752     // assume MH_inc, MH_mult, and MH_pred are handles to the above methods
testFacLoop()753     @Test public void testFacLoop() throws Throwable {
754         MethodHandle MH_FacLoop, MH_inc, MH_mult, MH_pred, MH_fin;
755         Class<?> I = int.class;
756         MH_FacLoop = LOOKUP.findConstructor(FacLoop.class, methodType(void.class, I));
757         MH_inc = LOOKUP.findVirtual(FacLoop.class, "inc", methodType(I, I));
758         MH_mult = LOOKUP.findVirtual(FacLoop.class, "mult", methodType(I, I, I));
759         MH_pred = LOOKUP.findVirtual(FacLoop.class, "pred", methodType(boolean.class, I));
760         MH_fin = LOOKUP.findVirtual(FacLoop.class, "fin", methodType(I, I, I));
761         {{
762 {} /// JAVADOC
763 // instance-based implementation of the factorial function as a loop handle
764 // null initializer for counter, should initialize to 0
765 MethodHandle MH_one = MethodHandles.constant(int.class, 1);
766 MethodHandle[] instanceClause = new MethodHandle[]{MH_FacLoop};
767 MethodHandle[] counterClause = new MethodHandle[]{null, MH_inc};
768 MethodHandle[] accumulatorClause = new MethodHandle[]{MH_one, MH_mult, MH_pred, MH_fin};
769 MethodHandle loop = MethodHandles.loop(instanceClause, counterClause, accumulatorClause);
770 assertEquals(5040, loop.invoke(7));
771 {}
772         }}
773     }
774 
initZip(Iterator<String> a, Iterator<String> b)775     static List<String> initZip(Iterator<String> a, Iterator<String> b) { return new ArrayList<>(); }
zipPred(List<String> zip, Iterator<String> a, Iterator<String> b)776     static boolean zipPred(List<String> zip, Iterator<String> a, Iterator<String> b) { return a.hasNext() && b.hasNext(); }
zipStep(List<String> zip, Iterator<String> a, Iterator<String> b)777     static List<String> zipStep(List<String> zip, Iterator<String> a, Iterator<String> b) {
778         zip.add(a.next());
779         zip.add(b.next());
780         return zip;
781     }
782 
testWhileLoop()783     @Test public void testWhileLoop() throws Throwable {
784         MethodHandle MH_initZip, MH_zipPred, MH_zipStep;
785         Class<?> IT = Iterator.class;
786         Class<?> L = List.class;
787         MH_initZip = LOOKUP.findStatic(THIS_CLASS, "initZip", methodType(L, IT, IT));
788         MH_zipPred = LOOKUP.findStatic(THIS_CLASS, "zipPred", methodType(boolean.class, L, IT, IT));
789         MH_zipStep = LOOKUP.findStatic(THIS_CLASS, "zipStep", methodType(L, L, IT, IT));
790         {{
791 {} /// JAVADOC
792 // implement the zip function for lists as a loop handle
793 MethodHandle loop = MethodHandles.whileLoop(MH_initZip, MH_zipPred, MH_zipStep);
794 List<String> a = Arrays.asList("a", "b", "c", "d");
795 List<String> b = Arrays.asList("e", "f", "g", "h");
796 List<String> zipped = Arrays.asList("a", "e", "b", "f", "c", "g", "d", "h");
797 assertEquals(zipped, (List<String>) loop.invoke(a.iterator(), b.iterator()));
798 {}
799         }}
800     }
801 
zero(int limit)802     static int zero(int limit) { return 0; }
step(int i, int limit)803     static int step(int i, int limit) { return i + 1; }
pred(int i, int limit)804     static boolean pred(int i, int limit) { return i < limit; }
805 
testDoWhileLoop()806     @Test public void testDoWhileLoop() throws Throwable {
807         MethodHandle MH_zero, MH_step, MH_pred;
808         Class<?> I = int.class;
809         MH_zero = LOOKUP.findStatic(THIS_CLASS, "zero", methodType(I, I));
810         MH_step = LOOKUP.findStatic(THIS_CLASS, "step", methodType(I, I, I));
811         MH_pred = LOOKUP.findStatic(THIS_CLASS, "pred", methodType(boolean.class, I, I));
812         {{
813 {} /// JAVADOC
814 // int i = 0; while (i < limit) { ++i; } return i; => limit
815 MethodHandle loop = MethodHandles.doWhileLoop(MH_zero, MH_step, MH_pred);
816 assertEquals(23, loop.invoke(23));
817 {}
818         }}
819     }
820 
step(String v, int counter, String start_)821     static String step(String v, int counter, String start_) { return "na " + v; }  //#0
step(String v, int counter )822     static String step(String v, int counter ) { return "na " + v; } //#1
step(String v, int counter, int iterations_, String pre, String start_)823     static String step(String v, int counter, int iterations_, String pre, String start_) { return pre + " " + v; } //#2
step3(String v, int counter, String pre)824     static String step3(String v, int counter, String pre) { return pre + " " + v; } //#3
825 
testCountedLoop()826     @Test public void testCountedLoop() throws Throwable {
827         MethodHandle MH_step;
828         Class<?> S = String.class, I = int.class;
829         // Theme:
830         MH_step = LOOKUP.findStatic(THIS_CLASS, "step", methodType(S, S, I, S));
831         {{
832 {} /// JAVADOC
833 // String s = "Lambdaman!"; for (int i = 0; i < 13; ++i) { s = "na " + s; } return s;
834 // => a variation on a well known theme
835 MethodHandle fit13 = MethodHandles.constant(int.class, 13);
836 MethodHandle start = MethodHandles.identity(String.class);
837 MethodHandle loop = MethodHandles.countedLoop(fit13, start, MH_step);  // (v, i, _) -> "na " + v
838 assertEquals("na na na na na na na na na na na na na Lambdaman!", loop.invoke("Lambdaman!"));
839 {}
840         }}
841         // Variation #1:
842         MH_step = LOOKUP.findStatic(THIS_CLASS, "step", methodType(S, S, I));
843         {{
844 {} /// JAVADOC
845 // String s = "Lambdaman!"; for (int i = 0; i < 13; ++i) { s = "na " + s; } return s;
846 // => a variation on a well known theme
847 MethodHandle count = MethodHandles.dropArguments(MethodHandles.identity(int.class), 1, String.class);
848 MethodHandle start = MethodHandles.dropArguments(MethodHandles.identity(String.class), 0, int.class);
849 MethodHandle loop = MethodHandles.countedLoop(count, start, MH_step);  // (v, i) -> "na " + v
850 assertEquals("na na na na na na na na na na na na na Lambdaman!", loop.invoke(13, "Lambdaman!"));
851 {}
852             assertEquals("na na Lambdaman!", loop.invoke(2, "Lambdaman!"));
853             assertEquals("Lambdaman!", loop.invoke(0, "Lambdaman!"));
854             assertEquals("Lambdaman!", loop.invoke(-1, "Lambdaman!"));
855             assertEquals("Lambdaman!", loop.invoke(Integer.MIN_VALUE, "Lambdaman!"));
856         }}
857         // Variation #2:
858         MH_step = LOOKUP.findStatic(THIS_CLASS, "step", methodType(S, S, I, I, S, S));
859         {{
860 {} /// JAVADOC
861 // String s = "Lambdaman!", t = "na"; for (int i = 0; i < 13; ++i) { s = t + " " + s; } return s;
862 // => a variation on a well known theme
863 MethodHandle count = MethodHandles.identity(int.class);
864 MethodHandle start = MethodHandles.dropArguments(MethodHandles.identity(String.class), 0, int.class, String.class);
865 MethodHandle loop = MethodHandles.countedLoop(count, start, MH_step);  // (v, i, _, pre, _) -> pre + " " + v
866 assertEquals("na na na na na na na na na na na na na Lambdaman!", loop.invoke(13, "na", "Lambdaman!"));
867 {}
868         }}
869         // Variation #3:
870         MH_step = LOOKUP.findStatic(THIS_CLASS, "step3", methodType(S, S, I, S));
871         {{
872 {} /// JAVADOC
873 // String s = "Lambdaman!", t = "na"; for (int i = 0; i < 13; ++i) { s = t + " " + s; } return s;
874 // => a variation on a well known theme
875 MethodType loopType = methodType(String.class, String.class, int.class, String.class);
876 MethodHandle count = MethodHandles.dropArgumentsToMatch(MethodHandles.identity(int.class),    0, loopType.parameterList(), 1);
877 MethodHandle start = MethodHandles.dropArgumentsToMatch(MethodHandles.identity(String.class), 0, loopType.parameterList(), 2);
878 MethodHandle body  = MethodHandles.dropArgumentsToMatch(MH_step,                              2, loopType.parameterList(), 0);
879 MethodHandle loop = MethodHandles.countedLoop(count, start, body);  // (v, i, pre, _, _) -> pre + " " + v
880 assertEquals("na na na na na na na na na na na na na Lambdaman!", loop.invoke("na", 13, "Lambdaman!"));
881 {}
882         }}
883     }
884 
reverseStep(List<String> r, String e)885     static List<String> reverseStep(List<String> r, String e) {
886         r.add(0, e);
887         return r;
888     }
newArrayList()889     static List<String> newArrayList() { return new ArrayList<>(); }
890 
testIteratedLoop()891     @Test public void testIteratedLoop() throws Throwable {
892         MethodHandle MH_newArrayList, MH_reverseStep;
893         Class<?> L = List.class, S = String.class;
894         MH_newArrayList = LOOKUP.findStatic(THIS_CLASS, "newArrayList", methodType(L));
895         MH_reverseStep = LOOKUP.findStatic(THIS_CLASS, "reverseStep", methodType(L, L, S));
896         {{
897 {} /// JAVADOC
898 // reverse a list
899 MethodHandle loop = MethodHandles.iteratedLoop(null, MH_newArrayList, MH_reverseStep);
900 List<String> list = Arrays.asList("a", "b", "c", "d", "e");
901 List<String> reversedList = Arrays.asList("e", "d", "c", "b", "a");
902 assertEquals(reversedList, (List<String>) loop.invoke(list));
903 {}
904         }}
905     }
906 
testFoldArguments3()907     @Test public void testFoldArguments3() throws Throwable {
908         {{
909 {} /// JAVADOC
910 MethodHandle trace = publicLookup().findVirtual(java.io.PrintStream.class,
911         "println", methodType(void.class, String.class))
912         .bindTo(System.out);
913 MethodHandle cat = lookup().findVirtual(String.class,
914         "concat", methodType(String.class, String.class));
915 assertEquals("boojum", (String) cat.invokeExact("boo", "jum"));
916 MethodHandle catTrace = foldArguments(cat, 1, trace);
917 // also prints "jum":
918 assertEquals("boojum", (String) catTrace.invokeExact("boo", "jum"));
919 {}
920         }}
921     }
922 
testAsCollector2()923     @Test public void testAsCollector2() throws Throwable {
924         {{
925 {} /// JAVADOC
926 StringWriter swr = new StringWriter();
927 MethodHandle swWrite = LOOKUP.findVirtual(StringWriter.class, "write", methodType(void.class, char[].class, int.class, int.class)).bindTo(swr);
928 MethodHandle swWrite4 = swWrite.asCollector(0, char[].class, 4);
929 swWrite4.invoke('A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 1, 2);
930 assertEquals("BC", swr.toString());
931 swWrite4.invoke('P', 'Q', 'R', 'S', 0, 4);
932 assertEquals("BCPQRS", swr.toString());
933 swWrite4.invoke('W', 'X', 'Y', 'Z', 3, 1);
934 assertEquals("BCPQRSZ", swr.toString());
935 {}
936         }}
937     }
938 
testAsSpreader2()939     @Test public void testAsSpreader2() throws Throwable {
940         {{
941 {} /// JAVADOC
942 MethodHandle compare = LOOKUP.findStatic(Objects.class, "compare", methodType(int.class, Object.class, Object.class, Comparator.class));
943 MethodHandle compare2FromArray = compare.asSpreader(0, Object[].class, 2);
944 Object[] ints = new Object[]{3, 9, 7, 7};
945 Comparator<Integer> cmp = (a, b) -> a - b;
946 assertTrue((int) compare2FromArray.invoke(Arrays.copyOfRange(ints, 0, 2), cmp) < 0);
947 assertTrue((int) compare2FromArray.invoke(Arrays.copyOfRange(ints, 1, 3), cmp) > 0);
948 assertTrue((int) compare2FromArray.invoke(Arrays.copyOfRange(ints, 2, 4), cmp) == 0);
949 {}
950         }}
951     }
952 
953     /* ---- TEMPLATE ----
954     @Test public void testFoo() throws Throwable {
955         {{
956 {} /// JAVADOC
957 {}
958             }}
959     }
960     */
961 }
962