xref: /external/angle/build/android/apk_operations.py

#!/usr/bin/env vpython3
# Copyright 2017 The Chromium Authors
# Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
# found in the LICENSE file.

# Using colorama.Fore/Back/Style members
# pylint: disable=no-member


import argparse
import collections
import json
import logging
import os
import posixpath
import random
import re
import shlex
import shutil
import subprocess
import sys
import tempfile
import textwrap
import zipfile

import adb_command_line
import devil_chromium
from devil import devil_env
from devil.android import apk_helper
from devil.android import device_errors
from devil.android import device_utils
from devil.android import flag_changer
from devil.android.sdk import adb_wrapper
from devil.android.sdk import build_tools
from devil.android.sdk import intent
from devil.android.sdk import version_codes
from devil.utils import run_tests_helper

_DIR_SOURCE_ROOT = os.path.normpath(
    os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), '..', '..'))
_JAVA_HOME = os.path.join(_DIR_SOURCE_ROOT, 'third_party', 'jdk', 'current')

with devil_env.SysPath(
    os.path.join(_DIR_SOURCE_ROOT, 'third_party', 'colorama', 'src')):
  import colorama

from incremental_install import installer
from pylib import constants
from pylib.symbols import deobfuscator
from pylib.utils import simpleperf
from pylib.utils import app_bundle_utils

with devil_env.SysPath(
    os.path.join(_DIR_SOURCE_ROOT, 'build', 'android', 'gyp')):
  import bundletool

BASE_MODULE = 'base'


def _Colorize(text, style=''):
  return (style
      + text
      + colorama.Style.RESET_ALL)


def _InstallApk(devices, apk, install_dict):
  def install(device):
    if install_dict:
      installer.Install(device, install_dict, apk=apk, permissions=[])
    else:
      device.Install(apk, permissions=[], allow_downgrade=True, reinstall=True)

  logging.info('Installing %sincremental apk.', '' if install_dict else 'non-')
  device_utils.DeviceUtils.parallel(devices).pMap(install)


# A named tuple containing the information needed to convert a bundle into
# an installable .apks archive.
# Fields:
#   bundle_path: Path to input bundle file.
#   bundle_apk_path: Path to output bundle .apks archive file.
#   aapt2_path: Path to aapt2 tool.
#   keystore_path: Path to keystore file.
#   keystore_password: Password for the keystore file.
#   keystore_alias: Signing key name alias within the keystore file.
#   system_image_locales: List of Chromium locales to include in system .apks.
BundleGenerationInfo = collections.namedtuple(
    'BundleGenerationInfo',
    'bundle_path,bundle_apks_path,aapt2_path,keystore_path,keystore_password,'
    'keystore_alias,system_image_locales')


def _GenerateBundleApks(info,
                        output_path=None,
                        minimal=False,
                        minimal_sdk_version=None,
                        mode=None,
                        optimize_for=None):
  """Generate an .apks archive from a bundle on demand.

  Args:
    info: A BundleGenerationInfo instance.
    output_path: Path of output .apks archive.
    minimal: Create the minimal set of apks possible (english-only).
    minimal_sdk_version: When minimal=True, use this sdkVersion.
    mode: Build mode, either None, or one of app_bundle_utils.BUILD_APKS_MODES.
    optimize_for: Override split config, either None, or one of
      app_bundle_utils.OPTIMIZE_FOR_OPTIONS.
  """
  logging.info('Generating .apks file')
  app_bundle_utils.GenerateBundleApks(
      info.bundle_path,
      # Store .apks file beside the .aab file by default so that it gets cached.
      output_path or info.bundle_apks_path,
      info.aapt2_path,
      info.keystore_path,
      info.keystore_password,
      info.keystore_alias,
      system_image_locales=info.system_image_locales,
      mode=mode,
      minimal=minimal,
      minimal_sdk_version=minimal_sdk_version,
      optimize_for=optimize_for)


def _InstallBundle(devices, apk_helper_instance, modules, fake_modules):

  def Install(device):
    device.Install(apk_helper_instance,
                   permissions=[],
                   modules=modules,
                   fake_modules=fake_modules,
                   allow_downgrade=True,
                   reinstall=True)

  # Basic checks for |modules| and |fake_modules|.
  # * |fake_modules| cannot include 'base'.
  # * If |fake_modules| is given, ensure |modules| includes 'base'.
  # * They must be disjoint (checked by device.Install).
  modules_set = set(modules) if modules else set()
  fake_modules_set = set(fake_modules) if fake_modules else set()
  if BASE_MODULE in fake_modules_set:
    raise Exception('\'-f {}\' is disallowed.'.format(BASE_MODULE))
  if fake_modules_set and BASE_MODULE not in modules_set:
    raise Exception(
        '\'-f FAKE\' must be accompanied by \'-m {}\''.format(BASE_MODULE))

  logging.info('Installing bundle.')
  device_utils.DeviceUtils.parallel(devices).pMap(Install)


def _UninstallApk(devices, install_dict, package_name):
  def uninstall(device):
    if install_dict:
      installer.Uninstall(device, package_name)
    else:
      device.Uninstall(package_name)
  device_utils.DeviceUtils.parallel(devices).pMap(uninstall)


def _IsWebViewProvider(apk_helper_instance):
  meta_data = apk_helper_instance.GetAllMetadata()
  meta_data_keys = [pair[0] for pair in meta_data]
  return 'com.android.webview.WebViewLibrary' in meta_data_keys


def _SetWebViewProvider(devices, package_name):

  def switch_provider(device):
    if device.build_version_sdk < version_codes.NOUGAT:
      logging.error('No need to switch provider on pre-Nougat devices (%s)',
                    device.serial)
    else:
      device.SetWebViewImplementation(package_name)

  device_utils.DeviceUtils.parallel(devices).pMap(switch_provider)


def _NormalizeProcessName(debug_process_name, package_name):
  if not debug_process_name:
    debug_process_name = package_name
  elif debug_process_name.startswith(':'):
    debug_process_name = package_name + debug_process_name
  elif '.' not in debug_process_name:
    debug_process_name = package_name + ':' + debug_process_name
  return debug_process_name


def _ResolveActivity(device, package_name, category, action):
  # E.g.:
  # Activity Resolver Table:
  #   Schemes:
  #     http:
  #       67e97c0 org.chromium.pkg/.MainActivityfilter c91d43e
  #         Action: "android.intent.action.VIEW"
  #         Category: "android.intent.category.DEFAULT"
  #         Category: "android.intent.category.BROWSABLE"
  #         Scheme: "http"
  #         Scheme: "https"
  #
  #   Non-Data Actions:
  #     android.intent.action.MAIN:
  #       67e97c0 org.chromium.pkg/.MainActivity filter 4a34cf9
  #         Action: "android.intent.action.MAIN"
  #         Category: "android.intent.category.LAUNCHER"
  lines = device.RunShellCommand(['dumpsys', 'package', package_name],
                                 check_return=True)

  # Extract the Activity Resolver Table: section.
  start_idx = next((i for i, l in enumerate(lines)
                    if l.startswith('Activity Resolver Table:')), None)
  if start_idx is None:
    if not device.IsApplicationInstalled(package_name):
      raise Exception('Package not installed: ' + package_name)
    raise Exception('No Activity Resolver Table in:\n' + '\n'.join(lines))
  line_count = next(i for i, l in enumerate(lines[start_idx + 1:])
                    if l and not l[0].isspace())
  data = '\n'.join(lines[start_idx:start_idx + line_count])

  # Split on each Activity entry.
  entries = re.split(r'^        [0-9a-f]+ ', data, flags=re.MULTILINE)

  def activity_name_from_entry(entry):
    assert entry.startswith(package_name), 'Got: ' + entry
    activity_name = entry[len(package_name) + 1:].split(' ', 1)[0]
    if activity_name[0] == '.':
      activity_name = package_name + activity_name
    return activity_name

  # Find the one with the text we want.
  category_text = f'Category: "{category}"'
  action_text = f'Action: "{action}"'
  matched_entries = [
      e for e in entries[1:] if category_text in e and action_text in e
  ]

  if not matched_entries:
    raise Exception(f'Did not find {category_text}, {action_text} in\n{data}')
  if len(matched_entries) > 1:
    # When there are multiple matches, look for the one marked as default.
    # Necessary for Monochrome, which also has MonochromeLauncherActivity.
    default_entries = [
        e for e in matched_entries if 'android.intent.category.DEFAULT' in e
    ]
    matched_entries = default_entries or matched_entries

  # See if all matches point to the same activity.
  activity_names = {activity_name_from_entry(e) for e in matched_entries}

  if len(activity_names) > 1:
    raise Exception('Found multiple launcher activities:\n * ' +
                    '\n * '.join(sorted(activity_names)))
  return next(iter(activity_names))


def _LaunchUrl(devices,
               package_name,
               argv=None,
               command_line_flags_file=None,
               url=None,
               wait_for_java_debugger=False,
               debug_process_name=None,
               nokill=None):
  if argv and command_line_flags_file is None:
    raise Exception('This apk does not support any flags.')

  debug_process_name = _NormalizeProcessName(debug_process_name, package_name)

  if url is None:
    category = 'android.intent.category.LAUNCHER'
    action = 'android.intent.action.MAIN'
  else:
    category = 'android.intent.category.BROWSABLE'
    action = 'android.intent.action.VIEW'

  def launch(device):
    activity = _ResolveActivity(device, package_name, category, action)
    # --persistent is required to have Settings.Global.DEBUG_APP be set, which
    # we currently use to allow reading of flags. https://crbug.com/784947
    if not nokill:
      cmd = ['am', 'set-debug-app', '--persistent', debug_process_name]
      if wait_for_java_debugger:
        cmd[-1:-1] = ['-w']
      # Ignore error since it will fail if apk is not debuggable.
      device.RunShellCommand(cmd, check_return=False)

      # The flags are first updated with input args.
      if command_line_flags_file:
        changer = flag_changer.FlagChanger(device, command_line_flags_file)
        flags = []
        if argv:
          adb_command_line.CheckBuildTypeSupportsFlags(device,
                                                       command_line_flags_file)
          flags = shlex.split(argv)
        try:
          changer.ReplaceFlags(flags)
        except device_errors.AdbShellCommandFailedError:
          logging.exception('Failed to set flags')

    launch_intent = intent.Intent(action=action,
                                  activity=activity,
                                  data=url,
                                  package=package_name)
    logging.info('Sending launch intent for %s', activity)
    device.StartActivity(launch_intent)

  device_utils.DeviceUtils.parallel(devices).pMap(launch)
  if wait_for_java_debugger:
    print('Waiting for debugger to attach to process: ' +
          _Colorize(debug_process_name, colorama.Fore.YELLOW))


def _ChangeFlags(devices, argv, command_line_flags_file):
  if argv is None:
    _DisplayArgs(devices, command_line_flags_file)
  else:
    flags = shlex.split(argv)
    def update(device):
      adb_command_line.CheckBuildTypeSupportsFlags(device,
                                                   command_line_flags_file)
      changer = flag_changer.FlagChanger(device, command_line_flags_file)
      changer.ReplaceFlags(flags)
    device_utils.DeviceUtils.parallel(devices).pMap(update)


def _TargetCpuToTargetArch(target_cpu):
  if target_cpu == 'x64':
    return 'x86_64'
  if target_cpu == 'mipsel':
    return 'mips'
  return target_cpu


def _RunGdb(device, package_name, debug_process_name, pid, output_directory,
            target_cpu, port, ide, verbose):
  if not pid:
    debug_process_name = _NormalizeProcessName(debug_process_name, package_name)
    pid = device.GetApplicationPids(debug_process_name, at_most_one=True)
  if not pid:
    # Attaching gdb makes the app run so slow that it takes *minutes* to start
    # up (as of 2018). Better to just fail than to start & attach.
    raise Exception('App not running.')

  gdb_script_path = os.path.dirname(__file__) + '/adb_gdb'
  cmd = [
      gdb_script_path,
      '--package-name=%s' % package_name,
      '--output-directory=%s' % output_directory,
      '--adb=%s' % adb_wrapper.AdbWrapper.GetAdbPath(),
      '--device=%s' % device.serial,
      '--pid=%s' % pid,
      '--port=%d' % port,
  ]
  if ide:
    cmd.append('--ide')
  # Enable verbose output of adb_gdb if it's set for this script.
  if verbose:
    cmd.append('--verbose')
  if target_cpu:
    cmd.append('--target-arch=%s' % _TargetCpuToTargetArch(target_cpu))
  logging.warning('Running: %s', ' '.join(shlex.quote(x) for x in cmd))
  print(_Colorize('All subsequent output is from adb_gdb script.',
                  colorama.Fore.YELLOW))
  os.execv(gdb_script_path, cmd)


def _RunLldb(device,
             package_name,
             debug_process_name,
             pid,
             output_directory,
             port,
             target_cpu=None,
             ndk_dir=None,
             lldb_server=None,
             lldb=None,
             verbose=None):
  if not pid:
    debug_process_name = _NormalizeProcessName(debug_process_name, package_name)
    pid = device.GetApplicationPids(debug_process_name, at_most_one=True)
  if not pid:
    # Attaching lldb makes the app run so slow that it takes *minutes* to start
    # up (as of 2018). Better to just fail than to start & attach.
    raise Exception('App not running.')

  lldb_script_path = os.path.dirname(__file__) + '/connect_lldb.sh'
  cmd = [
      lldb_script_path,
      '--package-name=%s' % package_name,
      '--output-directory=%s' % output_directory,
      '--adb=%s' % adb_wrapper.AdbWrapper.GetAdbPath(),
      '--device=%s' % device.serial,
      '--pid=%s' % pid,
      '--port=%d' % port,
  ]
  # Enable verbose output of connect_lldb.sh if it's set for this script.
  if verbose:
    cmd.append('--verbose')
  if target_cpu:
    cmd.append('--target-arch=%s' % _TargetCpuToTargetArch(target_cpu))
  if ndk_dir:
    cmd.append('--ndk-dir=%s' % ndk_dir)
  if lldb_server:
    cmd.append('--lldb-server=%s' % lldb_server)
  if lldb:
    cmd.append('--lldb=%s' % lldb)
  logging.warning('Running: %s', ' '.join(shlex.quote(x) for x in cmd))
  print(
      _Colorize('All subsequent output is from connect_lldb.sh script.',
                colorama.Fore.YELLOW))
  os.execv(lldb_script_path, cmd)


def _PrintPerDeviceOutput(devices, results, single_line=False):
  for d, result in zip(devices, results):
    if not single_line and d is not devices[0]:
      sys.stdout.write('\n')
    sys.stdout.write(
          _Colorize('{} ({}):'.format(d, d.build_description),
                    colorama.Fore.YELLOW))
    sys.stdout.write(' ' if single_line else '\n')
    yield result


def _RunMemUsage(devices, package_name, query_app=False):
  cmd_args = ['dumpsys', 'meminfo']
  if not query_app:
    cmd_args.append('--local')

  def mem_usage_helper(d):
    ret = []
    for process in sorted(_GetPackageProcesses(d, package_name)):
      meminfo = d.RunShellCommand(cmd_args + [str(process.pid)])
      ret.append((process.name, '\n'.join(meminfo)))
    return ret

  parallel_devices = device_utils.DeviceUtils.parallel(devices)
  all_results = parallel_devices.pMap(mem_usage_helper).pGet(None)
  for result in _PrintPerDeviceOutput(devices, all_results):
    if not result:
      print('No processes found.')
    else:
      for name, usage in sorted(result):
        print(_Colorize('==== Output of "dumpsys meminfo %s" ====' % name,
                        colorama.Fore.GREEN))
        print(usage)


def _DuHelper(device, path_spec, run_as=None):
  """Runs "du -s -k |path_spec|" on |device| and returns parsed result.

  Args:
    device: A DeviceUtils instance.
    path_spec: The list of paths to run du on. May contain shell expansions
        (will not be escaped).
    run_as: Package name to run as, or None to run as shell user. If not None
        and app is not android:debuggable (run-as fails), then command will be
        run as root.

  Returns:
    A dict of path->size in KiB containing all paths in |path_spec| that exist
    on device. Paths that do not exist are silently ignored.
  """
  # Example output for: du -s -k /data/data/org.chromium.chrome/{*,.*}
  # 144     /data/data/org.chromium.chrome/cache
  # 8       /data/data/org.chromium.chrome/files
  # <snip>
  # du: .*: No such file or directory

  # The -d flag works differently across android version, so use -s instead.
  # Without the explicit 2>&1, stderr and stdout get combined at random :(.
  cmd_str = 'du -s -k ' + path_spec + ' 2>&1'
  lines = device.RunShellCommand(cmd_str, run_as=run_as, shell=True,
                                 check_return=False)
  output = '\n'.join(lines)
  # run-as: Package 'com.android.chrome' is not debuggable
  if output.startswith('run-as:'):
    # check_return=False needed for when some paths in path_spec do not exist.
    lines = device.RunShellCommand(cmd_str, as_root=True, shell=True,
                                   check_return=False)
  ret = {}
  try:
    for line in lines:
      # du: .*: No such file or directory
      if line.startswith('du:'):
        continue
      size, subpath = line.split(None, 1)
      ret[subpath] = int(size)
    return ret
  except ValueError:
    logging.error('du command was: %s', cmd_str)
    logging.error('Failed to parse du output:\n%s', output)
    raise


def _RunDiskUsage(devices, package_name):
  # Measuring dex size is a bit complicated:
  # https://source.android.com/devices/tech/dalvik/jit-compiler
  #
  # For KitKat and below:
  #   dumpsys package contains:
  #     dataDir=/data/data/org.chromium.chrome
  #     codePath=/data/app/org.chromium.chrome-1.apk
  #     resourcePath=/data/app/org.chromium.chrome-1.apk
  #     nativeLibraryPath=/data/app-lib/org.chromium.chrome-1
  #   To measure odex:
  #     ls -l /data/dalvik-cache/data@app@org.chromium.chrome-1.apk@classes.dex
  #
  # For Android L and M (and maybe for N+ system apps):
  #   dumpsys package contains:
  #     codePath=/data/app/org.chromium.chrome-1
  #     resourcePath=/data/app/org.chromium.chrome-1
  #     legacyNativeLibraryDir=/data/app/org.chromium.chrome-1/lib
  #   To measure odex:
  #     # Option 1:
  #  /data/dalvik-cache/arm/data@app@org.chromium.chrome-1@base.apk@classes.dex
  #  /data/dalvik-cache/arm/data@app@org.chromium.chrome-1@base.apk@classes.vdex
  #     ls -l /data/dalvik-cache/profiles/org.chromium.chrome
  #         (these profiles all appear to be 0 bytes)
  #     # Option 2:
  #     ls -l /data/app/org.chromium.chrome-1/oat/arm/base.odex
  #
  # For Android N+:
  #   dumpsys package contains:
  #     dataDir=/data/user/0/org.chromium.chrome
  #     codePath=/data/app/org.chromium.chrome-UuCZ71IE-i5sZgHAkU49_w==
  #     resourcePath=/data/app/org.chromium.chrome-UuCZ71IE-i5sZgHAkU49_w==
  #     legacyNativeLibraryDir=/data/app/org.chromium.chrome-GUID/lib
  #     Instruction Set: arm
  #       path: /data/app/org.chromium.chrome-UuCZ71IE-i5sZgHAkU49_w==/base.apk
  #       status: /data/.../oat/arm/base.odex[status=kOatUpToDate, compilation_f
  #       ilter=quicken]
  #     Instruction Set: arm64
  #       path: /data/app/org.chromium.chrome-UuCZ71IE-i5sZgHAkU49_w==/base.apk
  #       status: /data/.../oat/arm64/base.odex[status=..., compilation_filter=q
  #       uicken]
  #   To measure odex:
  #     ls -l /data/app/.../oat/arm/base.odex
  #     ls -l /data/app/.../oat/arm/base.vdex (optional)
  #   To measure the correct odex size:
  #     cmd package compile -m speed org.chromium.chrome  # For webview
  #     cmd package compile -m speed-profile org.chromium.chrome  # For others
  def disk_usage_helper(d):
    package_output = '\n'.join(d.RunShellCommand(
        ['dumpsys', 'package', package_name], check_return=True))
    # Does not return error when apk is not installed.
    if not package_output or 'Unable to find package:' in package_output:
      return None

    # Ignore system apks that have updates installed.
    package_output = re.sub(r'Hidden system packages:.*?^\b', '',
                            package_output, flags=re.S | re.M)

    try:
      data_dir = re.search(r'dataDir=(.*)', package_output).group(1)
      code_path = re.search(r'codePath=(.*)', package_output).group(1)
      lib_path = re.search(r'(?:legacyN|n)ativeLibrary(?:Dir|Path)=(.*)',
                           package_output).group(1)
    except AttributeError as e:
      raise Exception('Error parsing dumpsys output: ' + package_output) from e

    if code_path.startswith('/system'):
      logging.warning('Measurement of system image apks can be innacurate')

    compilation_filters = set()
    # Match "compilation_filter=value", where a line break can occur at any spot
    # (refer to examples above).
    awful_wrapping = r'\s*'.join('compilation_filter=')
    for m in re.finditer(awful_wrapping + r'([\s\S]+?)[\],]', package_output):
      compilation_filters.add(re.sub(r'\s+', '', m.group(1)))
    # Starting Android Q, output looks like:
    #  arm: [status=speed-profile] [reason=install]
    for m in re.finditer(r'\[status=(.+?)\]', package_output):
      compilation_filters.add(m.group(1))
    compilation_filter = ','.join(sorted(compilation_filters))

    data_dir_sizes = _DuHelper(d, '%s/{*,.*}' % data_dir, run_as=package_name)
    # Measure code_cache separately since it can be large.
    code_cache_sizes = {}
    code_cache_dir = next(
        (k for k in data_dir_sizes if k.endswith('/code_cache')), None)
    if code_cache_dir:
      data_dir_sizes.pop(code_cache_dir)
      code_cache_sizes = _DuHelper(d, '%s/{*,.*}' % code_cache_dir,
                                   run_as=package_name)

    apk_path_spec = code_path
    if not apk_path_spec.endswith('.apk'):
      apk_path_spec += '/*.apk'
    apk_sizes = _DuHelper(d, apk_path_spec)
    if lib_path.endswith('/lib'):
      # Shows architecture subdirectory.
      lib_sizes = _DuHelper(d, '%s/{*,.*}' % lib_path)
    else:
      lib_sizes = _DuHelper(d, lib_path)

    # Look at all possible locations for odex files.
    odex_paths = []
    for apk_path in apk_sizes:
      mangled_apk_path = apk_path[1:].replace('/', '@')
      apk_basename = posixpath.basename(apk_path)[:-4]
      for ext in ('dex', 'odex', 'vdex', 'art'):
        # Easier to check all architectures than to determine active ones.
        for arch in ('arm', 'arm64', 'x86', 'x86_64', 'mips', 'mips64'):
          odex_paths.append(
              '%s/oat/%s/%s.%s' % (code_path, arch, apk_basename, ext))
          # No app could possibly have more than 6 dex files.
          for suffix in ('', '2', '3', '4', '5'):
            odex_paths.append('/data/dalvik-cache/%s/%s@classes%s.%s' % (
                arch, mangled_apk_path, suffix, ext))
            # This path does not have |arch|, so don't repeat it for every arch.
            if arch == 'arm':
              odex_paths.append('/data/dalvik-cache/%s@classes%s.dex' % (
                  mangled_apk_path, suffix))

    odex_sizes = _DuHelper(d, ' '.join(shlex.quote(p) for p in odex_paths))

    return (data_dir_sizes, code_cache_sizes, apk_sizes, lib_sizes, odex_sizes,
            compilation_filter)

  def print_sizes(desc, sizes):
    print('%s: %d KiB' % (desc, sum(sizes.values())))
    for path, size in sorted(sizes.items()):
      print('    %s: %s KiB' % (path, size))

  parallel_devices = device_utils.DeviceUtils.parallel(devices)
  all_results = parallel_devices.pMap(disk_usage_helper).pGet(None)
  for result in _PrintPerDeviceOutput(devices, all_results):
    if not result:
      print('APK is not installed.')
      continue

    (data_dir_sizes, code_cache_sizes, apk_sizes, lib_sizes, odex_sizes,
     compilation_filter) = result
    total = sum(sum(sizes.values()) for sizes in result[:-1])

    print_sizes('Apk', apk_sizes)
    print_sizes('App Data (non-code cache)', data_dir_sizes)
    print_sizes('App Data (code cache)', code_cache_sizes)
    print_sizes('Native Libs', lib_sizes)
    show_warning = compilation_filter and 'speed' not in compilation_filter
    compilation_filter = compilation_filter or 'n/a'
    print_sizes('odex (compilation_filter=%s)' % compilation_filter, odex_sizes)
    if show_warning:
      logging.warning('For a more realistic odex size, run:')
      logging.warning('    %s compile-dex [speed|speed-profile]', sys.argv[0])
    print('Total: %s KiB (%.1f MiB)' % (total, total / 1024.0))


class _LogcatProcessor:
  ParsedLine = collections.namedtuple(
      'ParsedLine',
      ['date', 'invokation_time', 'pid', 'tid', 'priority', 'tag', 'message'])

  class NativeStackSymbolizer:
    """Buffers lines from native stacks and symbolizes them when done."""
    # E.g.: #06 pc 0x0000d519 /apex/com.android.runtime/lib/libart.so
    # E.g.: #01 pc 00180c8d  /data/data/.../lib/libbase.cr.so
    _STACK_PATTERN = re.compile(r'\s*#\d+\s+(?:pc )?(0x)?[0-9a-f]{8,16}\s')

    def __init__(self, stack_script_context, print_func):
      # To symbolize native stacks, we need to pass all lines at once.
      self._stack_script_context = stack_script_context
      self._print_func = print_func
      self._crash_lines_buffer = None

    def _FlushLines(self):
      """Prints queued lines after sending them through stack.py."""
      if self._crash_lines_buffer is None:
        return

      crash_lines = self._crash_lines_buffer
      self._crash_lines_buffer = None
      with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(mode='w') as f:
        f.writelines(x[0].message + '\n' for x in crash_lines)
        f.flush()
        proc = self._stack_script_context.Popen(
            input_file=f.name, stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
        lines = proc.communicate()[0].splitlines()

      for i, line in enumerate(lines):
        parsed_line, dim = crash_lines[min(i, len(crash_lines) - 1)]
        d = parsed_line._asdict()
        d['message'] = line
        parsed_line = _LogcatProcessor.ParsedLine(**d)
        self._print_func(parsed_line, dim)

    def AddLine(self, parsed_line, dim):
      # Assume all lines from DEBUG are stacks.
      # Also look for "stack-looking" lines to catch manual stack prints.
      # It's important to not buffer non-stack lines because stack.py does not
      # pass them through.
      is_crash_line = parsed_line.tag == 'DEBUG' or (self._STACK_PATTERN.match(
          parsed_line.message))

      if is_crash_line:
        if self._crash_lines_buffer is None:
          self._crash_lines_buffer = []
        self._crash_lines_buffer.append((parsed_line, dim))
        return

      self._FlushLines()

      self._print_func(parsed_line, dim)


  # Logcat tags for messages that are generally relevant but are not from PIDs
  # associated with the apk.
  _ALLOWLISTED_TAGS = {
      'ActivityManager',  # Shows activity lifecycle messages.
      'ActivityTaskManager',  # More activity lifecycle messages.
      'AndroidRuntime',  # Java crash dumps
      'AppZygoteInit',  # Android's native application zygote support.
      'DEBUG',  # Native crash dump.
  }

  # Matches messages only on pre-L (Dalvik) that are spammy and unimportant.
  _DALVIK_IGNORE_PATTERN = re.compile('|'.join([
      r'^Added shared lib',
      r'^Could not find ',
      r'^DexOpt:',
      r'^GC_',
      r'^Late-enabling CheckJNI',
      r'^Link of class',
      r'^No JNI_OnLoad found in',
      r'^Trying to load lib',
      r'^Unable to resolve superclass',
      r'^VFY:',
      r'^WAIT_',
  ]))

  def __init__(self,
               device,
               package_name,
               stack_script_context,
               deobfuscate=None,
               verbose=False,
               exit_on_match=None,
               extra_package_names=None):
    self._device = device
    self._package_name = package_name
    self._extra_package_names = extra_package_names or []
    self._verbose = verbose
    self._deobfuscator = deobfuscate
    if exit_on_match is not None:
      self._exit_on_match = re.compile(exit_on_match)
    else:
      self._exit_on_match = None
    self._found_exit_match = False
    if stack_script_context:
      self._print_func = _LogcatProcessor.NativeStackSymbolizer(
          stack_script_context, self._PrintParsedLine).AddLine
    else:
      self._print_func = self._PrintParsedLine
    # Process ID for the app's main process (with no :name suffix).
    self._primary_pid = None
    # Set of all Process IDs that belong to the app.
    self._my_pids = set()
    # Set of all Process IDs that we've parsed at some point.
    self._seen_pids = set()
    # Start proc 22953:com.google.chromeremotedesktop/
    self._pid_pattern = re.compile(r'Start proc (\d+):{}/'.format(package_name))
    # START u0 {act=android.intent.action.MAIN \
    # cat=[android.intent.category.LAUNCHER] \
    # flg=0x10000000 pkg=com.google.chromeremotedesktop} from uid 2000
    self._start_pattern = re.compile(r'START .*(?:cmp|pkg)=' + package_name)

    self.nonce = 'Chromium apk_operations.py nonce={}'.format(random.random())
    # Holds lines buffered on start-up, before we find our nonce message.
    self._initial_buffered_lines = []
    self._UpdateMyPids()
    # Give preference to PID reported by "ps" over those found from
    # _start_pattern. There can be multiple "Start proc" messages from prior
    # runs of the app.
    self._found_initial_pid = self._primary_pid is not None
    # Retrieve any additional patterns that are relevant for the User.
    self._user_defined_highlight = None
    user_regex = os.environ.get('CHROMIUM_LOGCAT_HIGHLIGHT')
    if user_regex:
      self._user_defined_highlight = re.compile(user_regex)
      if not self._user_defined_highlight:
        print(_Colorize(
            'Rejecting invalid regular expression: {}'.format(user_regex),
            colorama.Fore.RED + colorama.Style.BRIGHT))

  def _UpdateMyPids(self):
    # We intentionally do not clear self._my_pids to make sure that the
    # ProcessLine method below also includes lines from processes which may
    # have already exited.
    self._primary_pid = None
    for package_name in [self._package_name] + self._extra_package_names:
      for process in _GetPackageProcesses(self._device, package_name):
        # We take only the first "main" process found in order to account for
        # possibly forked() processes.
        if ':' not in process.name and self._primary_pid is None:
          self._primary_pid = process.pid
        self._my_pids.add(process.pid)

  def _GetPidStyle(self, pid, dim=False):
    if pid == self._primary_pid:
      return colorama.Fore.WHITE
    if pid in self._my_pids:
      # TODO(wnwen): Use one separate persistent color per process, pop LRU
      return colorama.Fore.YELLOW
    if dim:
      return colorama.Style.DIM
    return ''

  def _GetPriorityStyle(self, priority, dim=False):
    # pylint:disable=no-self-use
    if dim:
      return ''
    style = colorama.Fore.BLACK
    if priority in ('E', 'F'):
      style += colorama.Back.RED
    elif priority == 'W':
      style += colorama.Back.YELLOW
    elif priority == 'I':
      style += colorama.Back.GREEN
    elif priority == 'D':
      style += colorama.Back.BLUE
    return style

  def _ParseLine(self, line):
    tokens = line.split(None, 6)

    def consume_token_or_default(default):
      return tokens.pop(0) if len(tokens) > 0 else default

    def consume_integer_token_or_default(default):
      if len(tokens) == 0:
        return default

      try:
        return int(tokens.pop(0))
      except ValueError:
        return default

    date = consume_token_or_default('')
    invokation_time = consume_token_or_default('')
    pid = consume_integer_token_or_default(-1)
    tid = consume_integer_token_or_default(-1)
    priority = consume_token_or_default('')
    tag = consume_token_or_default('')
    original_message = consume_token_or_default('')

    # Example:
    #   09-19 06:35:51.113  9060  9154 W GCoreFlp: No location...
    #   09-19 06:01:26.174  9060 10617 I Auth    : [ReflectiveChannelBinder]...
    # Parsing "GCoreFlp:" vs "Auth    :", we only want tag to contain the word,
    # and we don't want to keep the colon for the message.
    if tag and tag[-1] == ':':
      tag = tag[:-1]
    elif len(original_message) > 2:
      original_message = original_message[2:]
    return self.ParsedLine(
        date, invokation_time, pid, tid, priority, tag, original_message)

  def _PrintParsedLine(self, parsed_line, dim=False):
    if self._exit_on_match and self._exit_on_match.search(parsed_line.message):
      self._found_exit_match = True

    tid_style = colorama.Style.NORMAL
    user_match = self._user_defined_highlight and (
        re.search(self._user_defined_highlight, parsed_line.tag)
        or re.search(self._user_defined_highlight, parsed_line.message))

    # Make the main thread bright.
    if not dim and parsed_line.pid == parsed_line.tid:
      tid_style = colorama.Style.BRIGHT
    pid_style = self._GetPidStyle(parsed_line.pid, dim)
    msg_style = pid_style if not user_match else (colorama.Fore.GREEN +
                                                  colorama.Style.BRIGHT)
    # We have to pad before adding color as that changes the width of the tag.
    pid_str = _Colorize('{:5}'.format(parsed_line.pid), pid_style)
    tid_str = _Colorize('{:5}'.format(parsed_line.tid), tid_style)
    tag = _Colorize('{:8}'.format(parsed_line.tag),
                    pid_style + ('' if dim else colorama.Style.BRIGHT))
    priority = _Colorize(parsed_line.priority,
                         self._GetPriorityStyle(parsed_line.priority))
    messages = [parsed_line.message]
    if self._deobfuscator:
      messages = self._deobfuscator.TransformLines(messages)
    for message in messages:
      message = _Colorize(message, msg_style)
      sys.stdout.write('{} {} {} {} {} {}: {}\n'.format(
          parsed_line.date, parsed_line.invokation_time, pid_str, tid_str,
          priority, tag, message))

  def _TriggerNonceFound(self):
    # Once the nonce is hit, we have confidence that we know which lines
    # belong to the current run of the app. Process all of the buffered lines.
    if self._primary_pid:
      for args in self._initial_buffered_lines:
        self._print_func(*args)
    self._initial_buffered_lines = None
    self.nonce = None

  def FoundExitMatch(self):
    return self._found_exit_match

  def ProcessLine(self, line):
    if not line or line.startswith('------'):
      return

    if self.nonce and self.nonce in line:
      self._TriggerNonceFound()

    nonce_found = self.nonce is None

    log = self._ParseLine(line)
    if log.pid not in self._seen_pids:
      self._seen_pids.add(log.pid)
      if nonce_found:
        # Update list of owned PIDs each time a new PID is encountered.
        self._UpdateMyPids()

    # Search for "Start proc $pid:$package_name/" message.
    if not nonce_found:
      # Capture logs before the nonce. Start with the most recent "am start".
      if self._start_pattern.match(log.message):
        self._initial_buffered_lines = []

      # If we didn't find the PID via "ps", then extract it from log messages.
      # This will happen if the app crashes too quickly.
      if not self._found_initial_pid:
        m = self._pid_pattern.match(log.message)
        if m:
          # Find the most recent "Start proc" line before the nonce.
          # Track only the primary pid in this mode.
          # The main use-case is to find app logs when no current PIDs exist.
          # E.g.: When the app crashes on launch.
          self._primary_pid = m.group(1)
          self._my_pids.clear()
          self._my_pids.add(m.group(1))

    owned_pid = log.pid in self._my_pids
    if owned_pid and not self._verbose and log.tag == 'dalvikvm':
      if self._DALVIK_IGNORE_PATTERN.match(log.message):
        return

    if owned_pid or self._verbose or (log.priority == 'F' or  # Java crash dump
                                      log.tag in self._ALLOWLISTED_TAGS):
      if nonce_found:
        self._print_func(log, not owned_pid)
      else:
        self._initial_buffered_lines.append((log, not owned_pid))


def _RunLogcat(device,
               package_name,
               stack_script_context,
               deobfuscate,
               verbose,
               exit_on_match=None,
               extra_package_names=None):
  logcat_processor = _LogcatProcessor(device,
                                      package_name,
                                      stack_script_context,
                                      deobfuscate,
                                      verbose,
                                      exit_on_match=exit_on_match,
                                      extra_package_names=extra_package_names)
  device.RunShellCommand(['log', logcat_processor.nonce])
  for line in device.adb.Logcat(logcat_format='threadtime'):
    try:
      logcat_processor.ProcessLine(line)
      if logcat_processor.FoundExitMatch():
        return
    except:
      sys.stderr.write('Failed to process line: ' + line + '\n')
      # Skip stack trace for the common case of the adb server being
      # restarted.
      if 'unexpected EOF' in line:
        sys.exit(1)
      raise


def _GetPackageProcesses(device, package_name):
  my_names = (package_name, package_name + '_zygote')
  return [
      p for p in device.ListProcesses(package_name)
      if p.name in my_names or p.name.startswith(package_name + ':')
  ]


def _RunPs(devices, package_name):
  parallel_devices = device_utils.DeviceUtils.parallel(devices)
  all_processes = parallel_devices.pMap(
      lambda d: _GetPackageProcesses(d, package_name)).pGet(None)
  for processes in _PrintPerDeviceOutput(devices, all_processes):
    if not processes:
      print('No processes found.')
    else:
      proc_map = collections.defaultdict(list)
      for p in processes:
        proc_map[p.name].append(str(p.pid))
      for name, pids in sorted(proc_map.items()):
        print(name, ','.join(pids))


def _RunShell(devices, package_name, cmd):
  if cmd:
    parallel_devices = device_utils.DeviceUtils.parallel(devices)
    outputs = parallel_devices.RunShellCommand(
        cmd, run_as=package_name).pGet(None)
    for output in _PrintPerDeviceOutput(devices, outputs):
      for line in output:
        print(line)
  else:
    adb_path = adb_wrapper.AdbWrapper.GetAdbPath()
    cmd = [adb_path, '-s', devices[0].serial, 'shell']
    # Pre-N devices do not support -t flag.
    if devices[0].build_version_sdk >= version_codes.NOUGAT:
      cmd += ['-t', 'run-as', package_name]
    else:
      print('Upon entering the shell, run:')
      print('run-as', package_name)
      print()
    os.execv(adb_path, cmd)


def _RunCompileDex(devices, package_name, compilation_filter):
  cmd = ['cmd', 'package', 'compile', '-f', '-m', compilation_filter,
         package_name]
  parallel_devices = device_utils.DeviceUtils.parallel(devices)
  outputs = parallel_devices.RunShellCommand(cmd, timeout=120).pGet(None)
  for output in _PrintPerDeviceOutput(devices, outputs):
    for line in output:
      print(line)


def _RunProfile(device, package_name, host_build_directory, pprof_out_path,
                process_specifier, thread_specifier, events, extra_args):
  simpleperf.PrepareDevice(device)
  device_simpleperf_path = simpleperf.InstallSimpleperf(device, package_name)
  with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile() as fh:
    host_simpleperf_out_path = fh.name

    with simpleperf.RunSimpleperf(device, device_simpleperf_path, package_name,
                                  process_specifier, thread_specifier,
                                  events, extra_args, host_simpleperf_out_path):
      sys.stdout.write('Profiler is running; press Enter to stop...\n')
      sys.stdin.read(1)
      sys.stdout.write('Post-processing data...\n')

    simpleperf.ConvertSimpleperfToPprof(host_simpleperf_out_path,
                                        host_build_directory, pprof_out_path)
    print(textwrap.dedent("""
        Profile data written to %(s)s.

        To view profile as a call graph in browser:
          pprof -web %(s)s

        To print the hottest methods:
          pprof -top %(s)s

        pprof has many useful customization options; `pprof --help` for details.
        """ % {'s': pprof_out_path}))


class _StackScriptContext:
  """Maintains temporary files needed by stack.py."""

  def __init__(self,
               output_directory,
               apk_path,
               bundle_generation_info,
               quiet=False):
    self._output_directory = output_directory
    self._apk_path = apk_path
    self._bundle_generation_info = bundle_generation_info
    self._staging_dir = None
    self._quiet = quiet

  def _CreateStaging(self):
    # In many cases, stack decoding requires APKs to map trace lines to native
    # libraries. Create a temporary directory, and either unpack a bundle's
    # APKS into it, or simply symlink the standalone APK into it. This
    # provides an unambiguous set of APK files for the stack decoding process
    # to inspect.
    logging.debug('Creating stack staging directory')
    self._staging_dir = tempfile.mkdtemp()
    bundle_generation_info = self._bundle_generation_info

    if bundle_generation_info:
      # TODO(wnwen): Use apk_helper instead.
      _GenerateBundleApks(bundle_generation_info)
      logging.debug('Extracting .apks file')
      with zipfile.ZipFile(bundle_generation_info.bundle_apks_path, 'r') as z:
        files_to_extract = [
            f for f in z.namelist() if f.endswith('-master.apk')
        ]
        z.extractall(self._staging_dir, files_to_extract)
    elif self._apk_path:
      # Otherwise an incremental APK and an empty apks directory is correct.
      output = os.path.join(self._staging_dir, os.path.basename(self._apk_path))
      os.symlink(self._apk_path, output)

  def Close(self):
    if self._staging_dir:
      logging.debug('Clearing stack staging directory')
      shutil.rmtree(self._staging_dir)
      self._staging_dir = None

  def Popen(self, input_file=None, **kwargs):
    if self._staging_dir is None:
      self._CreateStaging()
    stack_script = os.path.join(
        constants.host_paths.ANDROID_PLATFORM_DEVELOPMENT_SCRIPTS_PATH,
        'stack.py')
    cmd = [
        stack_script, '--output-directory', self._output_directory,
        '--apks-directory', self._staging_dir
    ]
    if self._quiet:
      cmd.append('--quiet')
    if input_file:
      cmd.append(input_file)
    logging.info('Running: %s', shlex.join(cmd))
    return subprocess.Popen(cmd, universal_newlines=True, **kwargs)


def _GenerateAvailableDevicesMessage(devices):
  devices_obj = device_utils.DeviceUtils.parallel(devices)
  descriptions = devices_obj.pMap(lambda d: d.build_description).pGet(None)
  msg = 'Available devices:\n'
  for d, desc in zip(devices, descriptions):
    msg += '  %s (%s)\n' % (d, desc)
  return msg


# TODO(agrieve):add "--all" in the MultipleDevicesError message and use it here.
def _GenerateMissingAllFlagMessage(devices):
  return ('More than one device available. Use --all to select all devices, ' +
          'or use --device to select a device by serial.\n\n' +
          _GenerateAvailableDevicesMessage(devices))


def _DisplayArgs(devices, command_line_flags_file):
  def flags_helper(d):
    changer = flag_changer.FlagChanger(d, command_line_flags_file)
    return changer.GetCurrentFlags()

  parallel_devices = device_utils.DeviceUtils.parallel(devices)
  outputs = parallel_devices.pMap(flags_helper).pGet(None)
  print('Existing flags per-device (via /data/local/tmp/{}):'.format(
      command_line_flags_file))
  for flags in _PrintPerDeviceOutput(devices, outputs, single_line=True):
    quoted_flags = ' '.join(shlex.quote(f) for f in flags)
    print(quoted_flags or 'No flags set.')


def _DeviceCachePath(device, output_directory):
  file_name = 'device_cache_%s.json' % device.serial
  return os.path.join(output_directory, file_name)


def _LoadDeviceCaches(devices, output_directory):
  if not output_directory:
    return
  for d in devices:
    cache_path = _DeviceCachePath(d, output_directory)
    if os.path.exists(cache_path):
      logging.debug('Using device cache: %s', cache_path)
      with open(cache_path) as f:
        d.LoadCacheData(f.read())
      # Delete the cached file so that any exceptions cause it to be cleared.
      os.unlink(cache_path)
    else:
      logging.debug('No cache present for device: %s', d)


def _SaveDeviceCaches(devices, output_directory):
  if not output_directory:
    return
  for d in devices:
    cache_path = _DeviceCachePath(d, output_directory)
    with open(cache_path, 'w') as f:
      f.write(d.DumpCacheData())
      logging.info('Wrote device cache: %s', cache_path)


class _Command:
  name = None
  description = None
  long_description = None
  needs_package_name = False
  needs_output_directory = False
  needs_apk_helper = False
  supports_incremental = False
  accepts_command_line_flags = False
  accepts_args = False
  need_device_args = True
  all_devices_by_default = False
  calls_exec = False
  supports_multiple_devices = True

  def __init__(self, from_wrapper_script, is_bundle, is_test_apk):
    self._parser = None
    self._from_wrapper_script = from_wrapper_script
    self.args = None
    self.apk_helper = None
    self.additional_apk_helpers = None
    self.install_dict = None
    self.devices = None
    self.is_bundle = is_bundle
    self.is_test_apk = is_test_apk
    self.bundle_generation_info = None
    # Only support  incremental install from APK wrapper scripts.
    if is_bundle or not from_wrapper_script:
      self.supports_incremental = False

  def RegisterBundleGenerationInfo(self, bundle_generation_info):
    self.bundle_generation_info = bundle_generation_info

  def _RegisterExtraArgs(self, group):
    pass

  def RegisterArgs(self, parser):
    subp = parser.add_parser(
        self.name, help=self.description,
        description=self.long_description or self.description,
        formatter_class=argparse.RawDescriptionHelpFormatter)
    self._parser = subp
    subp.set_defaults(command=self)
    if self.need_device_args:
      subp.add_argument('--all',
                        action='store_true',
                        default=self.all_devices_by_default,
                        help='Operate on all connected devices.',)
      subp.add_argument('-d',
                        '--device',
                        action='append',
                        default=[],
                        dest='devices',
                        help='Target device for script to work on. Enter '
                            'multiple times for multiple devices.')
    subp.add_argument('-v',
                      '--verbose',
                      action='count',
                      default=0,
                      dest='verbose_count',
                      help='Verbose level (multiple times for more)')
    group = subp.add_argument_group('%s arguments' % self.name)

    if self.needs_package_name:
      # Three cases to consider here, since later code assumes
      #  self.args.package_name always exists, even if None:
      #
      # - Called from a bundle wrapper script, the package_name is already
      #   set through parser.set_defaults(), so don't call add_argument()
      #   to avoid overriding its value.
      #
      # - Called from an apk wrapper script. The --package-name argument
      #   should not appear, but self.args.package_name will be gleaned from
      #   the --apk-path file later.
      #
      # - Called directly, then --package-name is required on the command-line.
      #
      if not self.is_bundle:
        group.add_argument(
            '--package-name',
            help=argparse.SUPPRESS if self._from_wrapper_script else (
                "App's package name."))

    if self.needs_apk_helper or self.needs_package_name:
      # Adding this argument to the subparser would override the set_defaults()
      # value set by on the parent parser (even if None).
      if not self._from_wrapper_script and not self.is_bundle:
        group.add_argument(
            '--apk-path', required=self.needs_apk_helper, help='Path to .apk')

    if self.supports_incremental:
      group.add_argument('--incremental',
                          action='store_true',
                          default=False,
                          help='Always install an incremental apk.')
      group.add_argument('--non-incremental',
                          action='store_true',
                          default=False,
                          help='Always install a non-incremental apk.')

    # accepts_command_line_flags and accepts_args are mutually exclusive.
    # argparse will throw if they are both set.
    if self.accepts_command_line_flags:
      group.add_argument(
          '--args', help='Command-line flags. Use = to assign args.')

    if self.accepts_args:
      group.add_argument(
          '--args', help='Extra arguments. Use = to assign args')

    if not self._from_wrapper_script and self.accepts_command_line_flags:
      # Provided by wrapper scripts.
      group.add_argument(
          '--command-line-flags-file',
          help='Name of the command-line flags file')

    self._RegisterExtraArgs(group)

  def _CreateApkHelpers(self, args, incremental_apk_path, install_dict):
    """Returns true iff self.apk_helper was created and assigned."""
    if self.apk_helper is None:
      if args.apk_path:
        self.apk_helper = apk_helper.ToHelper(args.apk_path)
      elif incremental_apk_path:
        self.install_dict = install_dict
        self.apk_helper = apk_helper.ToHelper(incremental_apk_path)
      elif self.is_bundle:
        _GenerateBundleApks(self.bundle_generation_info)
        self.apk_helper = apk_helper.ToHelper(
            self.bundle_generation_info.bundle_apks_path)
    if args.additional_apk_paths and self.additional_apk_helpers is None:
      self.additional_apk_helpers = [
          apk_helper.ToHelper(apk_path)
          for apk_path in args.additional_apk_paths
      ]
    return self.apk_helper is not None

  def _FindSupportedDevices(self, devices):
    """Returns supported devices and reasons for each not supported one."""
    app_abis = self.apk_helper.GetAbis()
    calling_script_name = os.path.basename(sys.argv[0])
    is_webview = 'webview' in calling_script_name
    requires_32_bit = self.apk_helper.Get32BitAbiOverride() == '0xffffffff'
    logging.debug('App supports (requires 32bit: %r, is webview: %r): %r',
                  requires_32_bit, is_webview, app_abis)
    # Webview 32_64 targets can work even on 64-bit only devices since only the
    # webview library in the target needs the correct bitness.
    if requires_32_bit and not is_webview:
      app_abis = [abi for abi in app_abis if '64' not in abi]
      logging.debug('App supports (filtered): %r', app_abis)
    if not app_abis:
      # The app does not have any native libs, so all devices can support it.
      return devices, {}
    fully_supported = []
    not_supported_reasons = {}
    for device in devices:
      device_abis = device.GetSupportedABIs()
      device_primary_abi = device_abis[0]
      logging.debug('Device primary: %s', device_primary_abi)
      logging.debug('Device supports: %r', device_abis)

      # x86/x86_64 emulators sometimes advertises arm support but arm builds do
      # not work on them. Thus these non-functional ABIs need to be filtered out
      # here to avoid resulting in hard to understand runtime failures.
      if device_primary_abi in ('x86', 'x86_64'):
        device_abis = [abi for abi in device_abis if not abi.startswith('arm')]
        logging.debug('Device supports (filtered): %r', device_abis)

      if any(abi in app_abis for abi in device_abis):
        fully_supported.append(device)
      else:  # No common supported ABIs between the device and app.
        if device_primary_abi == 'x86':
          target_cpu = 'x86'
        elif device_primary_abi == 'x86_64':
          target_cpu = 'x64'
        elif device_primary_abi.startswith('arm64'):
          target_cpu = 'arm64'
        elif device_primary_abi.startswith('armeabi'):
          target_cpu = 'arm'
        else:
          target_cpu = '<something else>'
        # pylint: disable=line-too-long
        native_lib_link = 'https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/src/+/main/docs/android_native_libraries.md'
        not_supported_reasons[device.serial] = (
            f"none of the app's ABIs ({','.join(app_abis)}) match this "
            f"device's ABIs ({','.join(device_abis)}), you may need to set "
            f'target_cpu="{target_cpu}" in your args.gn. If you already set '
            'the target_cpu arg, you may need to use one of the _64 or _64_32 '
            f'targets, see {native_lib_link} for more details.')
    return fully_supported, not_supported_reasons

  def ProcessArgs(self, args):
    self.args = args
    # Ensure these keys always exist. They are set by wrapper scripts, but not
    # always added when not using wrapper scripts.
    args.__dict__.setdefault('apk_path', None)
    args.__dict__.setdefault('incremental_json', None)

    incremental_apk_path = None
    install_dict = None
    if args.incremental_json and not (self.supports_incremental and
                                      args.non_incremental):
      with open(args.incremental_json) as f:
        install_dict = json.load(f)
        incremental_apk_path = os.path.join(args.output_directory,
                                            install_dict['apk_path'])
        if not os.path.exists(incremental_apk_path):
          incremental_apk_path = None

    if self.supports_incremental:
      if args.incremental and args.non_incremental:
        self._parser.error('Must use only one of --incremental and '
                           '--non-incremental')
      elif args.non_incremental:
        if not args.apk_path:
          self._parser.error('Apk has not been built.')
      elif args.incremental:
        if not incremental_apk_path:
          self._parser.error('Incremental apk has not been built.')
        args.apk_path = None

      if args.apk_path and incremental_apk_path:
        self._parser.error('Both incremental and non-incremental apks exist. '
                           'Select using --incremental or --non-incremental')


    # Gate apk_helper creation with _CreateApkHelpers since for bundles it takes
    # a while to unpack the apks file from the aab file, so avoid this slowdown
    # for simple commands that don't need apk_helper.
    if self.needs_apk_helper:
      if not self._CreateApkHelpers(args, incremental_apk_path, install_dict):
        self._parser.error('App is not built.')

    if self.needs_package_name and not args.package_name:
      if self._CreateApkHelpers(args, incremental_apk_path, install_dict):
        args.package_name = self.apk_helper.GetPackageName()
      elif self._from_wrapper_script:
        self._parser.error('App is not built.')
      else:
        self._parser.error('One of --package-name or --apk-path is required.')

    self.devices = []
    if self.need_device_args:
      # Avoid filtering by ABIs with catapult since some x86 or x86_64 emulators
      # can still work with the right target_cpu GN arg and the right targets.
      # Doing this manually allows us to output more informative warnings to
      # help devs towards the right course, see: https://crbug.com/1335139
      available_devices = device_utils.DeviceUtils.HealthyDevices(
          device_arg=args.devices,
          enable_device_files_cache=bool(args.output_directory),
          default_retries=0)
      if not available_devices:
        raise Exception('Cannot find any available devices.')

      if not self._CreateApkHelpers(args, incremental_apk_path, install_dict):
        self.devices = available_devices
      else:
        fully_supported, not_supported_reasons = self._FindSupportedDevices(
            available_devices)
        reason_string = '\n'.join(
            'The device (serial={}) is not supported because {}'.format(
                serial, reason)
            for serial, reason in not_supported_reasons.items())
        if args.devices:
          if reason_string:
            logging.warning('Devices not supported: %s', reason_string)
          self.devices = available_devices
        elif fully_supported:
          self.devices = fully_supported
        else:
          raise Exception('Cannot find any supported devices for this app.\n\n'
                          f'{reason_string}')

      # TODO(agrieve): Device cache should not depend on output directory.
      #     Maybe put into /tmp?
      _LoadDeviceCaches(self.devices, args.output_directory)

      try:
        if len(self.devices) > 1:
          if not self.supports_multiple_devices:
            self._parser.error(device_errors.MultipleDevicesError(self.devices))
          if not args.all and not args.devices:
            self._parser.error(_GenerateMissingAllFlagMessage(self.devices))
        # Save cache now if command will not get a chance to afterwards.
        if self.calls_exec:
          _SaveDeviceCaches(self.devices, args.output_directory)
      except:
        _SaveDeviceCaches(self.devices, args.output_directory)
        raise


class _DevicesCommand(_Command):
  name = 'devices'
  description = 'Describe attached devices.'
  all_devices_by_default = True

  def Run(self):
    print(_GenerateAvailableDevicesMessage(self.devices))


class _PackageInfoCommand(_Command):
  name = 'package-info'
  description = 'Show various attributes of this app.'
  need_device_args = False
  needs_package_name = True
  needs_apk_helper = True

  def Run(self):
    # Format all (even ints) as strings, to handle cases where APIs return None
    print('Package name: "%s"' % self.args.package_name)
    print('versionCode: %s' % self.apk_helper.GetVersionCode())
    print('versionName: "%s"' % self.apk_helper.GetVersionName())
    print('minSdkVersion: %s' % self.apk_helper.GetMinSdkVersion())
    print('targetSdkVersion: %s' % self.apk_helper.GetTargetSdkVersion())
    print('Supported ABIs: %r' % self.apk_helper.GetAbis())


class _InstallCommand(_Command):
  name = 'install'
  description = 'Installs the APK or bundle to one or more devices.'
  needs_apk_helper = True
  supports_incremental = True
  default_modules = []

  def _RegisterExtraArgs(self, group):
    if self.is_bundle:
      group.add_argument(
          '-m',
          '--module',
          action='append',
          default=self.default_modules,
          help='Module to install. Can be specified multiple times.')
      group.add_argument(
          '-f',
          '--fake',
          action='append',
          default=[],
          help='Fake bundle module install. Can be specified multiple times. '
          'Requires \'-m {0}\' to be given, and \'-f {0}\' is illegal.'.format(
              BASE_MODULE))
      # Add even if |self.default_modules| is empty, for consistency.
      group.add_argument('--no-module',
                         action='append',
                         choices=self.default_modules,
                         default=[],
                         help='Module to exclude from default install.')

  def Run(self):
    if self.additional_apk_helpers:
      for additional_apk_helper in self.additional_apk_helpers:
        _InstallApk(self.devices, additional_apk_helper, None)
    if self.is_bundle:
      modules = list(
          set(self.args.module) - set(self.args.no_module) -
          set(self.args.fake))
      _InstallBundle(self.devices, self.apk_helper, modules, self.args.fake)
    else:
      _InstallApk(self.devices, self.apk_helper, self.install_dict)


class _UninstallCommand(_Command):
  name = 'uninstall'
  description = 'Removes the APK or bundle from one or more devices.'
  needs_package_name = True

  def Run(self):
    _UninstallApk(self.devices, self.install_dict, self.args.package_name)


class _SetWebViewProviderCommand(_Command):
  name = 'set-webview-provider'
  description = ("Sets the device's WebView provider to this APK's "
                 "package name.")
  needs_package_name = True
  needs_apk_helper = True

  def Run(self):
    if not _IsWebViewProvider(self.apk_helper):
      raise Exception('This package does not have a WebViewLibrary meta-data '
                      'tag. Are you sure it contains a WebView implementation?')
    _SetWebViewProvider(self.devices, self.args.package_name)


class _LaunchCommand(_Command):
  name = 'launch'
  description = ('Sends a launch intent for the APK or bundle after first '
                 'writing the command-line flags file.')
  needs_package_name = True
  accepts_command_line_flags = True
  all_devices_by_default = True

  def _RegisterExtraArgs(self, group):
    group.add_argument('-w', '--wait-for-java-debugger', action='store_true',
                       help='Pause execution until debugger attaches. Applies '
                            'only to the main process. To have renderers wait, '
                            'use --args="--renderer-wait-for-java-debugger"')
    group.add_argument('--debug-process-name',
                       help='Name of the process to debug. '
                            'E.g. "privileged_process0", or "foo.bar:baz"')
    group.add_argument('--nokill', action='store_true',
                       help='Do not set the debug-app, nor set command-line '
                            'flags. Useful to load a URL without having the '
                             'app restart.')
    group.add_argument('url', nargs='?', help='A URL to launch with.')

  def Run(self):
    if self.is_test_apk:
      raise Exception('Use the bin/run_* scripts to run test apks.')
    _LaunchUrl(self.devices,
               self.args.package_name,
               argv=self.args.args,
               command_line_flags_file=self.args.command_line_flags_file,
               url=self.args.url,
               wait_for_java_debugger=self.args.wait_for_java_debugger,
               debug_process_name=self.args.debug_process_name,
               nokill=self.args.nokill)


class _StopCommand(_Command):
  name = 'stop'
  description = 'Force-stops the app.'
  needs_package_name = True
  all_devices_by_default = True

  def Run(self):
    device_utils.DeviceUtils.parallel(self.devices).ForceStop(
        self.args.package_name)


class _ClearDataCommand(_Command):
  name = 'clear-data'
  descriptions = 'Clears all app data.'
  needs_package_name = True
  all_devices_by_default = True

  def Run(self):
    device_utils.DeviceUtils.parallel(self.devices).ClearApplicationState(
        self.args.package_name)


class _ArgvCommand(_Command):
  name = 'argv'
  description = 'Display and optionally update command-line flags file.'
  needs_package_name = True
  accepts_command_line_flags = True
  all_devices_by_default = True

  def Run(self):
    _ChangeFlags(self.devices, self.args.args,
                 self.args.command_line_flags_file)


class _GdbCommand(_Command):
  name = 'gdb'
  description = 'Runs //build/android/adb_gdb with apk-specific args.'
  long_description = description + """

To attach to a process other than the APK's main process, use --pid=1234.
To list all PIDs, use the "ps" command.

If no apk process is currently running, sends a launch intent.
"""
  needs_package_name = True
  needs_output_directory = True
  calls_exec = True
  supports_multiple_devices = False

  def Run(self):
    _RunGdb(self.devices[0], self.args.package_name,
            self.args.debug_process_name, self.args.pid,
            self.args.output_directory, self.args.target_cpu, self.args.port,
            self.args.ide, bool(self.args.verbose_count))

  def _RegisterExtraArgs(self, group):
    pid_group = group.add_mutually_exclusive_group()
    pid_group.add_argument('--debug-process-name',
                           help='Name of the process to attach to. '
                                'E.g. "privileged_process0", or "foo.bar:baz"')
    pid_group.add_argument('--pid',
                           help='The process ID to attach to. Defaults to '
                                'the main process for the package.')
    group.add_argument('--ide', action='store_true',
                       help='Rather than enter a gdb prompt, set up the '
                            'gdb connection and wait for an IDE to '
                            'connect.')
    # Same default port that ndk-gdb.py uses.
    group.add_argument('--port', type=int, default=5039,
                       help='Use the given port for the GDB connection')


class _LldbCommand(_Command):
  name = 'lldb'
  description = 'Runs //build/android/connect_lldb.sh with apk-specific args.'
  long_description = description + """

To attach to a process other than the APK's main process, use --pid=1234.
To list all PIDs, use the "ps" command.

If no apk process is currently running, sends a launch intent.
"""
  needs_package_name = True
  needs_output_directory = True
  calls_exec = True
  supports_multiple_devices = False

  def Run(self):
    _RunLldb(device=self.devices[0],
             package_name=self.args.package_name,
             debug_process_name=self.args.debug_process_name,
             pid=self.args.pid,
             output_directory=self.args.output_directory,
             port=self.args.port,
             target_cpu=self.args.target_cpu,
             ndk_dir=self.args.ndk_dir,
             lldb_server=self.args.lldb_server,
             lldb=self.args.lldb,
             verbose=bool(self.args.verbose_count))

  def _RegisterExtraArgs(self, group):
    pid_group = group.add_mutually_exclusive_group()
    pid_group.add_argument('--debug-process-name',
                           help='Name of the process to attach to. '
                           'E.g. "privileged_process0", or "foo.bar:baz"')
    pid_group.add_argument('--pid',
                           help='The process ID to attach to. Defaults to '
                           'the main process for the package.')
    group.add_argument('--ndk-dir',
                       help='Select alternative NDK root directory.')
    group.add_argument('--lldb-server',
                       help='Select alternative on-device lldb-server.')
    group.add_argument('--lldb', help='Select alternative client lldb.sh.')
    # Same default port that ndk-gdb.py uses.
    group.add_argument('--port',
                       type=int,
                       default=5039,
                       help='Use the given port for the LLDB connection')


class _LogcatCommand(_Command):
  name = 'logcat'
  description = 'Runs "adb logcat" with filters relevant the current APK.'
  long_description = description + """

"Relevant filters" means:
  * Log messages from processes belonging to the apk,
  * Plus log messages from log tags: ActivityManager|DEBUG,
  * Plus fatal logs from any process,
  * Minus spamy dalvikvm logs (for pre-L devices).

Colors:
  * Primary process is white
  * Other processes (gpu, renderer) are yellow
  * Non-apk processes are grey
  * UI thread has a bolded Thread-ID

Java stack traces are detected and deobfuscated (for release builds).

To disable filtering, (but keep coloring), use --verbose.
"""
  needs_package_name = True
  supports_multiple_devices = False

  def Run(self):
    deobfuscate = None
    if self.args.proguard_mapping_path and not self.args.no_deobfuscate:
      deobfuscate = deobfuscator.Deobfuscator(self.args.proguard_mapping_path)

    if self.args.apk_path or self.bundle_generation_info:
      stack_script_context = _StackScriptContext(self.args.output_directory,
                                                 self.args.apk_path,
                                                 self.bundle_generation_info,
                                                 quiet=True)
    else:
      stack_script_context = None

    extra_package_names = []
    if self.is_test_apk and self.additional_apk_helpers:
      for additional_apk_helper in self.additional_apk_helpers:
        extra_package_names.append(additional_apk_helper.GetPackageName())

    try:
      _RunLogcat(self.devices[0],
                 self.args.package_name,
                 stack_script_context,
                 deobfuscate,
                 bool(self.args.verbose_count),
                 self.args.exit_on_match,
                 extra_package_names=extra_package_names)
    except KeyboardInterrupt:
      pass  # Don't show stack trace upon Ctrl-C
    finally:
      if stack_script_context:
        stack_script_context.Close()
      if deobfuscate:
        deobfuscate.Close()

  def _RegisterExtraArgs(self, group):
    if self._from_wrapper_script:
      group.add_argument('--no-deobfuscate', action='store_true',
          help='Disables ProGuard deobfuscation of logcat.')
    else:
      group.set_defaults(no_deobfuscate=False)
      group.add_argument('--proguard-mapping-path',
          help='Path to ProGuard map (enables deobfuscation)')
    group.add_argument('--exit-on-match',
                       help='Exits logcat when a message matches this regex.')


class _PsCommand(_Command):
  name = 'ps'
  description = 'Show PIDs of any APK processes currently running.'
  needs_package_name = True
  all_devices_by_default = True

  def Run(self):
    _RunPs(self.devices, self.args.package_name)


class _DiskUsageCommand(_Command):
  name = 'disk-usage'
  description = 'Show how much device storage is being consumed by the app.'
  needs_package_name = True
  all_devices_by_default = True

  def Run(self):
    _RunDiskUsage(self.devices, self.args.package_name)


class _MemUsageCommand(_Command):
  name = 'mem-usage'
  description = 'Show memory usage of currently running APK processes.'
  needs_package_name = True
  all_devices_by_default = True

  def _RegisterExtraArgs(self, group):
    group.add_argument('--query-app', action='store_true',
        help='Do not add --local to "dumpsys meminfo". This will output '
             'additional metrics (e.g. Context count), but also cause memory '
             'to be used in order to gather the metrics.')

  def Run(self):
    _RunMemUsage(self.devices, self.args.package_name,
                 query_app=self.args.query_app)


class _ShellCommand(_Command):
  name = 'shell'
  description = ('Same as "adb shell <command>", but runs as the apk\'s uid '
                 '(via run-as). Useful for inspecting the app\'s data '
                 'directory.')
  needs_package_name = True

  @property
  def calls_exec(self):
    return not self.args.cmd

  @property
  def supports_multiple_devices(self):
    return not self.args.cmd

  def _RegisterExtraArgs(self, group):
    group.add_argument(
        'cmd', nargs=argparse.REMAINDER, help='Command to run.')

  def Run(self):
    _RunShell(self.devices, self.args.package_name, self.args.cmd)


class _CompileDexCommand(_Command):
  name = 'compile-dex'
  description = ('Applicable only for Android N+. Forces .odex files to be '
                 'compiled with the given compilation filter. To see existing '
                 'filter, use "disk-usage" command.')
  needs_package_name = True
  all_devices_by_default = True

  def _RegisterExtraArgs(self, group):
    group.add_argument(
        'compilation_filter',
        choices=['verify', 'quicken', 'space-profile', 'space',
                 'speed-profile', 'speed'],
        help='For WebView/Monochrome, use "speed". For other apks, use '
             '"speed-profile".')

  def Run(self):
    _RunCompileDex(self.devices, self.args.package_name,
                   self.args.compilation_filter)


class _PrintCertsCommand(_Command):
  name = 'print-certs'
  description = 'Print info about certificates used to sign this APK.'
  need_device_args = False
  needs_apk_helper = True

  def _RegisterExtraArgs(self, group):
    group.add_argument(
        '--full-cert',
        action='store_true',
        help=("Print the certificate's full signature, Base64-encoded. "
              "Useful when configuring an Android image's "
              "config_webview_packages.xml."))

  def Run(self):
    keytool = os.path.join(_JAVA_HOME, 'bin', 'keytool')
    pem_certificate_pattern = re.compile(
        r'-+BEGIN CERTIFICATE-+([\r\n0-9A-Za-z+/=]+)-+END CERTIFICATE-+[\r\n]*')
    if self.is_bundle:
      # Bundles are not signed until converted to .apks. The wrapper scripts
      # record which key will be used to sign though.
      with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile() as f:
        logging.warning('Bundles are not signed until turned into .apk files.')
        logging.warning('Showing signing info based on associated keystore.')
        cmd = [
            keytool, '-exportcert', '-keystore',
            self.bundle_generation_info.keystore_path, '-storepass',
            self.bundle_generation_info.keystore_password, '-alias',
            self.bundle_generation_info.keystore_alias, '-file', f.name
        ]
        logging.warning('Running: %s', shlex.join(cmd))
        subprocess.check_output(cmd, stderr=subprocess.STDOUT)
        cmd = [keytool, '-printcert', '-file', f.name]
        logging.warning('Running: %s', shlex.join(cmd))
        subprocess.check_call(cmd)
        if self.args.full_cert:
          # Redirect stderr to hide a keytool warning about using non-standard
          # keystore format.
          cmd += ['-rfc']
          logging.warning('Running: %s', shlex.join(cmd))
          pem_encoded_certificate = subprocess.check_output(
              cmd, stderr=subprocess.STDOUT).decode()
    else:

      def run_apksigner(min_sdk_version):
        cmd = [
            build_tools.GetPath('apksigner'), 'verify', '--min-sdk-version',
            str(min_sdk_version), '--print-certs-pem', '--verbose',
            self.apk_helper.path
        ]
        logging.warning('Running: %s', shlex.join(cmd))
        env = os.environ.copy()
        env['PATH'] = os.path.pathsep.join(
            [os.path.join(_JAVA_HOME, 'bin'),
             env.get('PATH')])
        # Redirect stderr to hide verification failures (see explanation below).
        return subprocess.check_output(cmd,
                                       env=env,
                                       universal_newlines=True,
                                       stderr=subprocess.STDOUT)

      # apksigner's default behavior is nonintuitive: it will print "Verified
      # using <scheme number>...: false" for any scheme which is obsolete for
      # the APK's minSdkVersion even if it actually was signed with that scheme
      # (ex. it prints "Verified using v1 scheme: false" for Monochrome because
      # v1 was obsolete by N). To workaround this, we force apksigner to use the
      # lowest possible minSdkVersion. We need to fallback to higher
      # minSdkVersions in case the APK fails to verify for that minSdkVersion
      # (which means the APK is genuinely not signed with that scheme). These
      # SDK values are the highest SDK version before the next scheme is
      # available:
      versions = [
          version_codes.MARSHMALLOW,  # before v2 launched in N
          version_codes.OREO_MR1,  # before v3 launched in P
          version_codes.Q,  # before v4 launched in R
          version_codes.R,
      ]
      stdout = None
      for min_sdk_version in versions:
        try:
          stdout = run_apksigner(min_sdk_version)
          break
        except subprocess.CalledProcessError:
          # Doesn't verify with this min-sdk-version, so try again with a higher
          # one
          continue
      if not stdout:
        raise RuntimeError('apksigner was not able to verify APK')

      # Separate what the '--print-certs' flag would output vs. the additional
      # signature output included by '--print-certs-pem'. The additional PEM
      # output is only printed when self.args.full_cert is specified.
      verification_hash_info = pem_certificate_pattern.sub('', stdout)
      print(verification_hash_info)
      if self.args.full_cert:
        m = pem_certificate_pattern.search(stdout)
        if not m:
          raise Exception('apksigner did not print a certificate')
        pem_encoded_certificate = m.group(0)


    if self.args.full_cert:
      m = pem_certificate_pattern.search(pem_encoded_certificate)
      if not m:
        raise Exception(
            'Unable to parse certificate:\n{}'.format(pem_encoded_certificate))
      signature = re.sub(r'[\r\n]+', '', m.group(1))
      print()
      print('Full Signature:')
      print(signature)


class _ProfileCommand(_Command):
  name = 'profile'
  description = ('Run the simpleperf sampling CPU profiler on the currently-'
                 'running APK. If --args is used, the extra arguments will be '
                 'passed on to simpleperf; otherwise, the following default '
                 'arguments are used: -g -f 1000 -o /data/local/tmp/perf.data')
  needs_package_name = True
  needs_output_directory = True
  supports_multiple_devices = False
  accepts_args = True

  def _RegisterExtraArgs(self, group):
    group.add_argument(
        '--profile-process', default='browser',
        help=('Which process to profile. This may be a process name or pid '
              'such as you would get from running `%s ps`; or '
              'it can be one of (browser, renderer, gpu).' % sys.argv[0]))
    group.add_argument(
        '--profile-thread', default=None,
        help=('(Optional) Profile only a single thread. This may be either a '
              'thread ID such as you would get by running `adb shell ps -t` '
              '(pre-Oreo) or `adb shell ps -e -T` (Oreo and later); or it may '
              'be one of (io, compositor, main, render), in which case '
              '--profile-process is also required. (Note that "render" thread '
              'refers to a thread in the browser process that manages a '
              'renderer; to profile the main thread of the renderer process, '
              'use --profile-thread=main).'))
    group.add_argument('--profile-output', default='profile.pb',
                       help='Output file for profiling data')
    group.add_argument('--profile-events', default='cpu-cycles',
                      help=('A comma separated list of perf events to capture '
                      '(e.g. \'cpu-cycles,branch-misses\'). Run '
                      '`simpleperf list` on your device to see available '
                      'events.'))

  def Run(self):
    extra_args = shlex.split(self.args.args or '')
    _RunProfile(self.devices[0], self.args.package_name,
                self.args.output_directory, self.args.profile_output,
                self.args.profile_process, self.args.profile_thread,
                self.args.profile_events, extra_args)


class _RunCommand(_InstallCommand, _LaunchCommand, _LogcatCommand):
  name = 'run'
  description = 'Install, launch, and show logcat (when targeting one device).'
  all_devices_by_default = False
  supports_multiple_devices = True

  def _RegisterExtraArgs(self, group):
    _InstallCommand._RegisterExtraArgs(self, group)
    _LaunchCommand._RegisterExtraArgs(self, group)
    _LogcatCommand._RegisterExtraArgs(self, group)
    group.add_argument('--no-logcat', action='store_true',
                       help='Install and launch, but do not enter logcat.')

  def Run(self):
    if self.is_test_apk:
      raise Exception('Use the bin/run_* scripts to run test apks.')
    logging.warning('Installing...')
    _InstallCommand.Run(self)
    logging.warning('Sending launch intent...')
    _LaunchCommand.Run(self)
    if len(self.devices) == 1 and not self.args.no_logcat:
      logging.warning('Entering logcat...')
      _LogcatCommand.Run(self)


class _BuildBundleApks(_Command):
  name = 'build-bundle-apks'
  description = ('Build the .apks archive from an Android app bundle, and '
                 'optionally copy it to a specific destination.')
  need_device_args = False

  def _RegisterExtraArgs(self, group):
    group.add_argument(
        '--output-apks', required=True, help='Destination path for .apks file.')
    group.add_argument(
        '--minimal',
        action='store_true',
        help='Build .apks archive that targets the bundle\'s minSdkVersion and '
        'contains only english splits. It still contains optional splits.')
    group.add_argument(
        '--sdk-version', help='The sdkVersion to build the .apks for.')
    group.add_argument(
        '--build-mode',
        choices=app_bundle_utils.BUILD_APKS_MODES,
        help='Specify which type of APKs archive to build. "default" '
        'generates regular splits, "universal" generates an archive with a '
        'single universal APK, "system" generates an archive with a system '
        'image APK, while "system_compressed" generates a compressed system '
        'APK, with an additional stub APK for the system image.')
    group.add_argument(
        '--optimize-for',
        choices=app_bundle_utils.OPTIMIZE_FOR_OPTIONS,
        help='Override split configuration.')

  def Run(self):
    _GenerateBundleApks(
        self.bundle_generation_info,
        output_path=self.args.output_apks,
        minimal=self.args.minimal,
        minimal_sdk_version=self.args.sdk_version,
        mode=self.args.build_mode,
        optimize_for=self.args.optimize_for)


class _ManifestCommand(_Command):
  name = 'dump-manifest'
  description = 'Dump the android manifest as XML, to stdout.'
  need_device_args = False
  needs_apk_helper = True

  def Run(self):
    if self.is_bundle:
      sys.stdout.write(
          bundletool.RunBundleTool([
              'dump', 'manifest', '--bundle',
              self.bundle_generation_info.bundle_path
          ]))
    else:
      apkanalyzer = os.path.join(_DIR_SOURCE_ROOT, 'third_party', 'android_sdk',
                                 'public', 'cmdline-tools', 'latest', 'bin',
                                 'apkanalyzer')
      cmd = [apkanalyzer, 'manifest', 'print', self.apk_helper.path]
      logging.info('Running: %s', shlex.join(cmd))
      subprocess.check_call(cmd)


class _StackCommand(_Command):
  name = 'stack'
  description = 'Decodes an Android stack.'
  need_device_args = False

  def _RegisterExtraArgs(self, group):
    group.add_argument(
        'file',
        nargs='?',
        help='File to decode. If not specified, stdin is processed.')

  def Run(self):
    context = _StackScriptContext(self.args.output_directory,
                                  self.args.apk_path,
                                  self.bundle_generation_info)
    try:
      proc = context.Popen(input_file=self.args.file)
      if proc.wait():
        raise Exception('stack script returned {}'.format(proc.returncode))
    finally:
      context.Close()


# Shared commands for regular APKs and app bundles.
_COMMANDS = [
    _DevicesCommand,
    _PackageInfoCommand,
    _InstallCommand,
    _UninstallCommand,
    _SetWebViewProviderCommand,
    _LaunchCommand,
    _StopCommand,
    _ClearDataCommand,
    _ArgvCommand,
    _GdbCommand,
    _LldbCommand,
    _LogcatCommand,
    _PsCommand,
    _DiskUsageCommand,
    _MemUsageCommand,
    _ShellCommand,
    _CompileDexCommand,
    _PrintCertsCommand,
    _ProfileCommand,
    _RunCommand,
    _StackCommand,
    _ManifestCommand,
]

# Commands specific to app bundles.
_BUNDLE_COMMANDS = [
    _BuildBundleApks,
]


def _ParseArgs(parser, from_wrapper_script, is_bundle, is_test_apk):
  subparsers = parser.add_subparsers()
  command_list = _COMMANDS + (_BUNDLE_COMMANDS if is_bundle else [])
  commands = [
      clazz(from_wrapper_script, is_bundle, is_test_apk)
      for clazz in command_list
  ]

  for command in commands:
    if from_wrapper_script or not command.needs_output_directory:
      command.RegisterArgs(subparsers)

  # Show extended help when no command is passed.
  argv = sys.argv[1:]
  if not argv:
    argv = ['--help']

  return parser.parse_args(argv)


def _RunInternal(parser,
                 output_directory=None,
                 additional_apk_paths=None,
                 bundle_generation_info=None,
                 is_test_apk=False):
  colorama.init()
  parser.set_defaults(
      additional_apk_paths=additional_apk_paths,
      output_directory=output_directory)
  from_wrapper_script = bool(output_directory)
  args = _ParseArgs(parser,
                    from_wrapper_script,
                    is_bundle=bool(bundle_generation_info),
                    is_test_apk=is_test_apk)
  run_tests_helper.SetLogLevel(args.verbose_count)
  if bundle_generation_info:
    args.command.RegisterBundleGenerationInfo(bundle_generation_info)
  if args.additional_apk_paths:
    for i, path in enumerate(args.additional_apk_paths):
      if path and not os.path.exists(path):
        inc_path = path.replace('.apk', '_incremental.apk')
        if os.path.exists(inc_path):
          args.additional_apk_paths[i] = inc_path
          path = inc_path
      if not path or not os.path.exists(path):
        raise Exception('Invalid additional APK path "{}"'.format(path))
  args.command.ProcessArgs(args)
  args.command.Run()
  # Incremental install depends on the cache being cleared when uninstalling.
  if args.command.name != 'uninstall':
    _SaveDeviceCaches(args.command.devices, output_directory)


def Run(output_directory, apk_path, additional_apk_paths, incremental_json,
        command_line_flags_file, target_cpu, proguard_mapping_path):
  """Entry point for generated wrapper scripts."""
  constants.SetOutputDirectory(output_directory)
  devil_chromium.Initialize(output_directory=output_directory)
  parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
  exists_or_none = lambda p: p if p and os.path.exists(p) else None

  parser.set_defaults(
      command_line_flags_file=command_line_flags_file,
      target_cpu=target_cpu,
      apk_path=exists_or_none(apk_path),
      incremental_json=exists_or_none(incremental_json),
      proguard_mapping_path=proguard_mapping_path)
  _RunInternal(
      parser,
      output_directory=output_directory,
      additional_apk_paths=additional_apk_paths)


def RunForBundle(output_directory, bundle_path, bundle_apks_path,
                 additional_apk_paths, aapt2_path, keystore_path,
                 keystore_password, keystore_alias, package_name,
                 command_line_flags_file, proguard_mapping_path, target_cpu,
                 system_image_locales, default_modules):
  """Entry point for generated app bundle wrapper scripts.

  Args:
    output_dir: Chromium output directory path.
    bundle_path: Input bundle path.
    bundle_apks_path: Output bundle .apks archive path.
    additional_apk_paths: Additional APKs to install prior to bundle install.
    aapt2_path: Aapt2 tool path.
    keystore_path: Keystore file path.
    keystore_password: Keystore password.
    keystore_alias: Signing key name alias in keystore file.
    package_name: Application's package name.
    command_line_flags_file: Optional. Name of an on-device file that will be
      used to store command-line flags for this bundle.
    proguard_mapping_path: Input path to the Proguard mapping file, used to
      deobfuscate Java stack traces.
    target_cpu: Chromium target CPU name, used by the 'gdb' command.
    system_image_locales: List of Chromium locales that should be included in
      system image APKs.
    default_modules: List of modules that are installed in addition to those
      given by the '-m' switch.
  """
  constants.SetOutputDirectory(output_directory)
  devil_chromium.Initialize(output_directory=output_directory)
  bundle_generation_info = BundleGenerationInfo(
      bundle_path=bundle_path,
      bundle_apks_path=bundle_apks_path,
      aapt2_path=aapt2_path,
      keystore_path=keystore_path,
      keystore_password=keystore_password,
      keystore_alias=keystore_alias,
      system_image_locales=system_image_locales)
  _InstallCommand.default_modules = default_modules

  parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
  parser.set_defaults(
      package_name=package_name,
      command_line_flags_file=command_line_flags_file,
      proguard_mapping_path=proguard_mapping_path,
      target_cpu=target_cpu)
  _RunInternal(
      parser,
      output_directory=output_directory,
      additional_apk_paths=additional_apk_paths,
      bundle_generation_info=bundle_generation_info)


def RunForTestApk(*, output_directory, package_name, test_apk_path,
                  test_apk_json, proguard_mapping_path, additional_apk_paths):
  """Entry point for generated test apk wrapper scripts.

  This is intended to make commands like logcat (with proguard deobfuscation)
  available. The run_* scripts should be used to actually run tests.

  Args:
    output_dir: Chromium output directory path.
    package_name: The package name for the test apk.
    test_apk_path: The test apk to install.
    test_apk_json: The incremental json dict for the test apk.
    proguard_mapping_path: Input path to the Proguard mapping file, used to
      deobfuscate Java stack traces.
    additional_apk_paths: Additional APKs to install.
  """
  constants.SetOutputDirectory(output_directory)
  devil_chromium.Initialize(output_directory=output_directory)

  parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
  exists_or_none = lambda p: p if p and os.path.exists(p) else None

  parser.set_defaults(apk_path=exists_or_none(test_apk_path),
                      incremental_json=exists_or_none(test_apk_json),
                      package_name=package_name,
                      proguard_mapping_path=proguard_mapping_path)

  _RunInternal(parser,
               output_directory=output_directory,
               additional_apk_paths=additional_apk_paths,
               is_test_apk=True)


def main():
  devil_chromium.Initialize()
  _RunInternal(argparse.ArgumentParser())


if __name__ == '__main__':
  main()