1## 2## Copyright (c) 2010 The WebM project authors. All Rights Reserved. 3## 4## Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license 5## that can be found in the LICENSE file in the root of the source 6## tree. An additional intellectual property rights grant can be found 7## in the file PATENTS. All contributing project authors may 8## be found in the AUTHORS file in the root of the source tree. 9## 10 11 12include config.mk 13quiet?=true 14ifeq ($(target),) 15# If a target wasn't specified, invoke for all enabled targets. 16.DEFAULT: 17 @for t in $(ALL_TARGETS); do \ 18 $(MAKE) --no-print-directory target=$$t $(MAKECMDGOALS) || exit $$?;\ 19 done 20all: .DEFAULT 21clean:: .DEFAULT 22exampletest: .DEFAULT 23install:: .DEFAULT 24test: .DEFAULT 25test-no-data-check: .DEFAULT 26testdata: .DEFAULT 27utiltest: .DEFAULT 28exampletest-no-data-check utiltest-no-data-check: .DEFAULT 29test_%: .DEFAULT ; 30 31# Note: md5sum is not installed on OS X, but openssl is. Openssl may not be 32# installed on cygwin, so we need to autodetect here. 33md5sum := $(firstword $(wildcard \ 34 $(foreach e,md5sum openssl,\ 35 $(foreach p,$(subst :, ,$(PATH)),$(p)/$(e)*))\ 36 )) 37md5sum := $(if $(filter %openssl,$(md5sum)),$(md5sum) dgst -md5,$(md5sum)) 38 39TGT_CC:=$(word 3, $(subst -, ,$(TOOLCHAIN))) 40dist: 41 @for t in $(ALL_TARGETS); do \ 42 $(MAKE) --no-print-directory target=$$t $(MAKECMDGOALS) || exit $$?;\ 43 done 44 # Run configure for the user with the current toolchain. 45 @if [ -d "$(DIST_DIR)/src" ]; then \ 46 mkdir -p "$(DIST_DIR)/build"; \ 47 cd "$(DIST_DIR)/build"; \ 48 echo "Rerunning configure $(CONFIGURE_ARGS)"; \ 49 ../src/configure $(CONFIGURE_ARGS); \ 50 $(if $(filter vs%,$(TGT_CC)),make NO_LAUNCH_DEVENV=1;) \ 51 fi 52 @if [ -d "$(DIST_DIR)" ]; then \ 53 echo " [MD5SUM] $(DIST_DIR)"; \ 54 cd $(DIST_DIR) && \ 55 $(md5sum) `find . -name md5sums.txt -prune -o -type f -print` \ 56 | sed -e 's/MD5(\(.*\))= \([0-9a-f]\{32\}\)/\2 \1/' \ 57 > md5sums.txt;\ 58 fi 59endif 60 61# Since we invoke make recursively for multiple targets we need to include the 62# .mk file for the correct target, but only when $(target) is non-empty. 63ifneq ($(target),) 64include $(target)-$(TOOLCHAIN).mk 65endif 66BUILD_ROOT?=. 67VPATH=$(SRC_PATH_BARE) 68CFLAGS+=-I$(BUILD_PFX)$(BUILD_ROOT) -I$(SRC_PATH) 69CXXFLAGS+=-I$(BUILD_PFX)$(BUILD_ROOT) -I$(SRC_PATH) 70ASFLAGS+=-I$(BUILD_PFX)$(BUILD_ROOT)/ -I$(SRC_PATH)/ 71DIST_DIR?=dist 72HOSTCC?=gcc 73TGT_ISA:=$(word 1, $(subst -, ,$(TOOLCHAIN))) 74TGT_OS:=$(word 2, $(subst -, ,$(TOOLCHAIN))) 75TGT_CC:=$(word 3, $(subst -, ,$(TOOLCHAIN))) 76quiet:=$(if $(or $(verbose), $(V)),, yes) 77qexec=$(if $(quiet),@) 78 79# Cancel built-in implicit rules 80%: %.o 81%.asm: 82%.a: 83%: %.cc 84 85# 86# Common rules" 87# 88.PHONY: all 89all: 90 91.PHONY: clean 92clean:: 93 rm -f $(OBJS-yes) $(OBJS-yes:.o=.d) $(OBJS-yes:.asm.S.o=.asm.S) 94 rm -f $(CLEAN-OBJS) 95 96.PHONY: clean 97distclean: clean 98 if [ -z "$(target)" ]; then \ 99 rm -f Makefile; \ 100 rm -f config.log config.mk; \ 101 rm -f vpx_config.[hc] vpx_config.asm; \ 102 rm -f arm_neon.h; \ 103 else \ 104 rm -f $(target)-$(TOOLCHAIN).mk; \ 105 fi 106 107.PHONY: dist 108dist: 109.PHONY: exampletest 110exampletest: 111.PHONY: install 112install:: 113.PHONY: test 114test: 115.PHONY: testdata 116testdata: 117.PHONY: utiltest 118utiltest: 119.PHONY: test-no-data-check exampletest-no-data-check utiltest-no-data-check 120test-no-data-check: 121exampletest-no-data-check utiltest-no-data-check: 122 123# Force to realign stack always on OS/2 124ifeq ($(TOOLCHAIN), x86-os2-gcc) 125CFLAGS += -mstackrealign 126endif 127 128# x86[_64] 129$(BUILD_PFX)%_mmx.c.d: CFLAGS += -mmmx 130$(BUILD_PFX)%_mmx.c.o: CFLAGS += -mmmx 131$(BUILD_PFX)%_sse2.c.d: CFLAGS += -msse2 132$(BUILD_PFX)%_sse2.c.o: CFLAGS += -msse2 133$(BUILD_PFX)%_sse3.c.d: CFLAGS += -msse3 134$(BUILD_PFX)%_sse3.c.o: CFLAGS += -msse3 135$(BUILD_PFX)%_ssse3.c.d: CFLAGS += -mssse3 136$(BUILD_PFX)%_ssse3.c.o: CFLAGS += -mssse3 137$(BUILD_PFX)%_sse4.c.d: CFLAGS += -msse4.1 138$(BUILD_PFX)%_sse4.c.o: CFLAGS += -msse4.1 139$(BUILD_PFX)%_avx.c.d: CFLAGS += -mavx 140$(BUILD_PFX)%_avx.c.o: CFLAGS += -mavx 141$(BUILD_PFX)%_avx2.c.d: CFLAGS += -mavx2 142$(BUILD_PFX)%_avx2.c.o: CFLAGS += -mavx2 143$(BUILD_PFX)%_avx512.c.d: CFLAGS += -mavx512f -mavx512cd -mavx512bw -mavx512dq -mavx512vl 144$(BUILD_PFX)%_avx512.c.o: CFLAGS += -mavx512f -mavx512cd -mavx512bw -mavx512dq -mavx512vl 145 146# AARCH64 147$(BUILD_PFX)%_neon_dotprod.c.d: CFLAGS += -march=armv8.2-a+dotprod 148$(BUILD_PFX)%_neon_dotprod.c.o: CFLAGS += -march=armv8.2-a+dotprod 149$(BUILD_PFX)%_neon_i8mm.c.d: CFLAGS += -march=armv8.2-a+dotprod+i8mm 150$(BUILD_PFX)%_neon_i8mm.c.o: CFLAGS += -march=armv8.2-a+dotprod+i8mm 151$(BUILD_PFX)%_sve.c.d: CFLAGS += -march=armv8.2-a+dotprod+i8mm+sve 152$(BUILD_PFX)%_sve.c.o: CFLAGS += -march=armv8.2-a+dotprod+i8mm+sve 153 154# POWER 155$(BUILD_PFX)%_vsx.c.d: CFLAGS += -maltivec -mvsx 156$(BUILD_PFX)%_vsx.c.o: CFLAGS += -maltivec -mvsx 157 158# MIPS 159$(BUILD_PFX)%_msa.c.d: CFLAGS += -mmsa 160$(BUILD_PFX)%_msa.c.o: CFLAGS += -mmsa 161 162# LOONGARCH 163$(BUILD_PFX)%_lsx.c.d: CFLAGS += -mlsx 164$(BUILD_PFX)%_lsx.c.o: CFLAGS += -mlsx 165$(BUILD_PFX)%_lasx.c.d: CFLAGS += -mlasx 166$(BUILD_PFX)%_lasx.c.o: CFLAGS += -mlasx 167 168$(BUILD_PFX)%.c.d: %.c 169 $(if $(quiet),@echo " [DEP] $@") 170 $(qexec)mkdir -p $(dir $@) 171 $(qexec)$(CC) $(INTERNAL_CFLAGS) $(CFLAGS) -M $< | $(fmt_deps) > $@ 172 173$(BUILD_PFX)%.c.o: %.c 174 $(if $(quiet),@echo " [CC] $@") 175 $(qexec)$(if $(CONFIG_DEPENDENCY_TRACKING),,mkdir -p $(dir $@)) 176 $(qexec)$(CC) $(INTERNAL_CFLAGS) $(CFLAGS) -c -o $@ $< 177 178$(BUILD_PFX)%.cc.d: %.cc 179 $(if $(quiet),@echo " [DEP] $@") 180 $(qexec)mkdir -p $(dir $@) 181 $(qexec)$(CXX) $(INTERNAL_CFLAGS) $(CXXFLAGS) -M $< | $(fmt_deps) > $@ 182 183$(BUILD_PFX)%.cc.o: %.cc 184 $(if $(quiet),@echo " [CXX] $@") 185 $(qexec)$(if $(CONFIG_DEPENDENCY_TRACKING),,mkdir -p $(dir $@)) 186 $(qexec)$(CXX) $(INTERNAL_CFLAGS) $(CXXFLAGS) -c -o $@ $< 187 188$(BUILD_PFX)%.cpp.d: %.cpp 189 $(if $(quiet),@echo " [DEP] $@") 190 $(qexec)mkdir -p $(dir $@) 191 $(qexec)$(CXX) $(INTERNAL_CFLAGS) $(CXXFLAGS) -M $< | $(fmt_deps) > $@ 192 193$(BUILD_PFX)%.cpp.o: %.cpp 194 $(if $(quiet),@echo " [CXX] $@") 195 $(qexec)$(if $(CONFIG_DEPENDENCY_TRACKING),,mkdir -p $(dir $@)) 196 $(qexec)$(CXX) $(INTERNAL_CFLAGS) $(CXXFLAGS) -c -o $@ $< 197 198$(BUILD_PFX)%.asm.d: %.asm 199 $(if $(quiet),@echo " [DEP] $@") 200 $(qexec)mkdir -p $(dir $@) 201 $(qexec)$(SRC_PATH_BARE)/build/make/gen_asm_deps.sh \ 202 --build-pfx=$(BUILD_PFX) --depfile=$@ $(ASFLAGS) $< > $@ 203 204$(BUILD_PFX)%.asm.o: %.asm 205 $(if $(quiet),@echo " [AS] $@") 206 $(qexec)$(if $(CONFIG_DEPENDENCY_TRACKING),,mkdir -p $(dir $@)) 207 $(qexec)$(AS) $(ASFLAGS) -o $@ $< 208 209$(BUILD_PFX)%.S.d: %.S 210 $(if $(quiet),@echo " [DEP] $@") 211 $(qexec)mkdir -p $(dir $@) 212 $(qexec)$(SRC_PATH_BARE)/build/make/gen_asm_deps.sh \ 213 --build-pfx=$(BUILD_PFX) --depfile=$@ $(ASFLAGS) $< > $@ 214 215$(BUILD_PFX)%.S.o: %.S 216 $(if $(quiet),@echo " [AS] $@") 217 $(qexec)$(if $(CONFIG_DEPENDENCY_TRACKING),,mkdir -p $(dir $@)) 218 $(qexec)$(AS) $(ASFLAGS) -o $@ $< 219 220.PRECIOUS: %.c.S 221%.c.S: CFLAGS += -DINLINE_ASM 222$(BUILD_PFX)%.c.S: %.c 223 $(if $(quiet),@echo " [GEN] $@") 224 $(qexec)$(if $(CONFIG_DEPENDENCY_TRACKING),,mkdir -p $(dir $@)) 225 $(qexec)$(CC) -S $(CFLAGS) -o $@ $< 226 227.PRECIOUS: %.asm.S 228$(BUILD_PFX)%.asm.S: %.asm 229 $(if $(quiet),@echo " [ASM CONVERSION] $@") 230 $(qexec)mkdir -p $(dir $@) 231 $(qexec)$(ASM_CONVERSION) <$< >$@ 232 233# If we're in debug mode, pretend we don't have GNU strip, to fall back to 234# the copy implementation 235HAVE_GNU_STRIP := $(if $(CONFIG_DEBUG),,$(HAVE_GNU_STRIP)) 236ifeq ($(HAVE_GNU_STRIP),yes) 237# Older binutils strip global symbols not needed for relocation processing 238# when given --strip-unneeded. Using nm and awk to identify globals and 239# keep them caused command line length issues under mingw and segfaults in 240# test_libvpx were observed under OS/2: simply use --strip-debug. 241%.a: %_g.a 242 $(if $(quiet),@echo " [STRIP] $@ < $<") 243 $(qexec)$(STRIP) --strip-debug \ 244 -o $@ $< 245else 246%.a: %_g.a 247 $(if $(quiet),@echo " [CP] $@ < $<") 248 $(qexec)cp $< $@ 249endif 250 251# 252# Utility functions 253# 254pairmap=$(if $(strip $(2)),\ 255 $(call $(1),$(word 1,$(2)),$(word 2,$(2)))\ 256 $(call pairmap,$(1),$(wordlist 3,$(words $(2)),$(2)))\ 257) 258 259enabled=$(filter-out $($(1)-no),$($(1)-yes)) 260cond_enabled=$(if $(filter yes,$($(1))), $(call enabled,$(2))) 261 262find_file1=$(word 1,$(wildcard $(subst //,/,$(addsuffix /$(1),$(2))))) 263find_file=$(foreach f,$(1),$(call find_file1,$(strip $(f)),$(strip $(2))) ) 264obj_pats=.c=.c.o $(AS_SFX)=$(AS_SFX).o .cc=.cc.o .cpp=.cpp.o 265objs=$(addprefix $(BUILD_PFX),$(foreach p,$(obj_pats),$(filter %.o,$(1:$(p))) )) 266 267install_map_templates=$(eval $(call install_map_template,$(1),$(2))) 268 269not=$(subst yes,no,$(1)) 270 271ifeq ($(CONFIG_MSVS),yes) 272lib_file_name=$(1).lib 273else 274lib_file_name=lib$(1).a 275endif 276# 277# Rule Templates 278# 279define linker_template 280$(1): $(filter-out -%,$(2)) 281$(1): 282 $(if $(quiet),@echo " [LD] $$@") 283 $(qexec)$$(LD) $$(strip $$(INTERNAL_LDFLAGS) $$(LDFLAGS) -o $$@ $(2) $(3) $$(extralibs)) 284endef 285define linkerxx_template 286$(1): $(filter-out -%,$(2)) 287$(1): 288 $(if $(quiet),@echo " [LD] $$@") 289 $(qexec)$$(CXX) $$(strip $$(INTERNAL_LDFLAGS) $$(LDFLAGS) -o $$@ $(2) $(3) $$(extralibs)) 290endef 291# make-3.80 has a bug with expanding large input strings to the eval function, 292# which was triggered in some cases by the following component of 293# linker_template: 294# $(1): $$(call find_file, $(patsubst -l%,lib%.a,$(filter -l%,$(2))),\ 295# $$(patsubst -L%,%,$$(filter -L%,$$(LDFLAGS) $(2)))) 296# This may be useful to revisit in the future (it tries to locate libraries 297# in a search path and add them as prerequisites 298 299define install_map_template 300$(DIST_DIR)/$(1): $(2) 301 $(if $(quiet),@echo " [INSTALL] $$@") 302 $(qexec)mkdir -p $$(dir $$@) 303 $(qexec)cp -p $$< $$@ 304endef 305 306define archive_template 307# Not using a pattern rule here because we don't want to generate empty 308# archives when they are listed as a dependency in files not responsible 309# for creating them. 310$(1): 311 $(if $(quiet),@echo " [AR] $$@") 312 $(qexec)$$(AR) $$(ARFLAGS) $$@ $$^ 313endef 314 315# Don't use -Wl,-z,defs with Clang's sanitizers. 316# 317# Clang's AddressSanitizer documentation says "When linking shared libraries, 318# the AddressSanitizer run-time is not linked, so -Wl,-z,defs may cause link 319# errors (don't use it with AddressSanitizer)." See 320# https://clang.llvm.org/docs/AddressSanitizer.html#usage. 321NO_UNDEFINED := -Wl,-z,defs 322ifeq ($(findstring clang,$(CC)),clang) 323 ifneq ($(filter -fsanitize=%,$(LDFLAGS)),) 324 NO_UNDEFINED := 325 endif 326endif 327 328define so_template 329# Not using a pattern rule here because we don't want to generate empty 330# archives when they are listed as a dependency in files not responsible 331# for creating them. 332# 333# This needs further abstraction for dealing with non-GNU linkers. 334$(1): 335 $(if $(quiet),@echo " [LD] $$@") 336 $(qexec)$$(LD) -shared $$(LDFLAGS) \ 337 $(NO_UNDEFINED) \ 338 -Wl,-soname,$$(SONAME) \ 339 -Wl,--version-script,$$(EXPORTS_FILE) -o $$@ \ 340 $$(filter %.o,$$^) $$(extralibs) 341endef 342 343define dl_template 344# Not using a pattern rule here because we don't want to generate empty 345# archives when they are listed as a dependency in files not responsible 346# for creating them. 347$(1): 348 $(if $(quiet),@echo " [LD] $$@") 349 $(qexec)$$(LD) -dynamiclib $$(LDFLAGS) \ 350 -exported_symbols_list $$(EXPORTS_FILE) \ 351 -Wl,-headerpad_max_install_names,-compatibility_version,1.0,-current_version,$$(VERSION_MAJOR) \ 352 -o $$@ \ 353 $$(filter %.o,$$^) $$(extralibs) 354endef 355 356define dll_template 357# Not using a pattern rule here because we don't want to generate empty 358# archives when they are listed as a dependency in files not responsible 359# for creating them. 360$(1): 361 $(if $(quiet),@echo " [LD] $$@") 362 $(qexec)$$(LD) -Zdll $$(LDFLAGS) \ 363 -o $$@ \ 364 $$(filter %.o,$$^) $$(extralibs) $$(EXPORTS_FILE) 365endef 366 367 368# 369# Get current configuration 370# 371ifneq ($(target),) 372include $(SRC_PATH_BARE)/$(target:-$(TOOLCHAIN)=).mk 373endif 374 375skip_deps := $(filter %clean,$(MAKECMDGOALS)) 376skip_deps += $(findstring testdata,$(MAKECMDGOALS)) 377ifeq ($(strip $(skip_deps)),) 378 ifeq ($(CONFIG_DEPENDENCY_TRACKING),yes) 379 # Older versions of make don't like -include directives with no arguments 380 ifneq ($(filter %.d,$(OBJS-yes:.o=.d)),) 381 -include $(filter %.d,$(OBJS-yes:.o=.d)) 382 endif 383 endif 384endif 385 386# 387# Configuration dependent rules 388# 389$(call pairmap,install_map_templates,$(INSTALL_MAPS)) 390 391DOCS=$(call cond_enabled,CONFIG_INSTALL_DOCS,DOCS) 392.docs: $(DOCS) 393 @touch $@ 394 395INSTALL-DOCS=$(call cond_enabled,CONFIG_INSTALL_DOCS,INSTALL-DOCS) 396ifeq ($(MAKECMDGOALS),dist) 397INSTALL-DOCS+=$(call cond_enabled,CONFIG_INSTALL_DOCS,DIST-DOCS) 398endif 399.install-docs: .docs $(addprefix $(DIST_DIR)/,$(INSTALL-DOCS)) 400 @touch $@ 401 402clean:: 403 rm -f .docs .install-docs $(DOCS) 404 405BINS=$(call enabled,BINS) 406.bins: $(BINS) 407 @touch $@ 408 409INSTALL-BINS=$(call cond_enabled,CONFIG_INSTALL_BINS,INSTALL-BINS) 410ifeq ($(MAKECMDGOALS),dist) 411INSTALL-BINS+=$(call cond_enabled,CONFIG_INSTALL_BINS,DIST-BINS) 412endif 413.install-bins: .bins $(addprefix $(DIST_DIR)/,$(INSTALL-BINS)) 414 @touch $@ 415 416clean:: 417 rm -f .bins .install-bins $(BINS) 418 419LIBS=$(call enabled,LIBS) 420.libs: $(LIBS) 421 @touch $@ 422$(foreach lib,$(filter %_g.a,$(LIBS)),$(eval $(call archive_template,$(lib)))) 423$(foreach lib,$(filter %so.$(SO_VERSION_MAJOR).$(SO_VERSION_MINOR).$(SO_VERSION_PATCH),$(LIBS)),$(eval $(call so_template,$(lib)))) 424$(foreach lib,$(filter %$(SO_VERSION_MAJOR).dylib,$(LIBS)),$(eval $(call dl_template,$(lib)))) 425$(foreach lib,$(filter %$(SO_VERSION_MAJOR).dll,$(LIBS)),$(eval $(call dll_template,$(lib)))) 426 427INSTALL-LIBS=$(call cond_enabled,CONFIG_INSTALL_LIBS,INSTALL-LIBS) 428ifeq ($(MAKECMDGOALS),dist) 429INSTALL-LIBS+=$(call cond_enabled,CONFIG_INSTALL_LIBS,DIST-LIBS) 430endif 431.install-libs: .libs $(addprefix $(DIST_DIR)/,$(INSTALL-LIBS)) 432 @touch $@ 433 434clean:: 435 rm -f .libs .install-libs $(LIBS) 436 437ifeq ($(CONFIG_EXTERNAL_BUILD),yes) 438PROJECTS=$(call enabled,PROJECTS) 439.projects: $(PROJECTS) 440 @touch $@ 441 442INSTALL-PROJECTS=$(call cond_enabled,CONFIG_INSTALL_PROJECTS,INSTALL-PROJECTS) 443ifeq ($(MAKECMDGOALS),dist) 444INSTALL-PROJECTS+=$(call cond_enabled,CONFIG_INSTALL_PROJECTS,DIST-PROJECTS) 445endif 446.install-projects: .projects $(addprefix $(DIST_DIR)/,$(INSTALL-PROJECTS)) 447 @touch $@ 448 449clean:: 450 rm -f .projects .install-projects $(PROJECTS) 451endif 452 453# If there are any source files to be distributed, then include the build 454# system too. 455ifneq ($(call enabled,DIST-SRCS),) 456 DIST-SRCS-yes += configure 457 DIST-SRCS-yes += build/make/configure.sh 458 DIST-SRCS-yes += build/make/gen_asm_deps.sh 459 DIST-SRCS-yes += build/make/Makefile 460 DIST-SRCS-$(CONFIG_MSVS) += build/make/gen_msvs_def.sh 461 DIST-SRCS-$(CONFIG_MSVS) += build/make/gen_msvs_sln.sh 462 DIST-SRCS-$(CONFIG_MSVS) += build/make/gen_msvs_vcxproj.sh 463 DIST-SRCS-$(CONFIG_MSVS) += build/make/msvs_common.sh 464 DIST-SRCS-$(CONFIG_RVCT) += build/make/armlink_adapter.sh 465 DIST-SRCS-$(VPX_ARCH_ARM) += build/make/ads2gas.pl 466 DIST-SRCS-$(VPX_ARCH_ARM) += build/make/ads2gas_apple.pl 467 DIST-SRCS-$(VPX_ARCH_ARM) += build/make/ads2armasm_ms.pl 468 DIST-SRCS-$(VPX_ARCH_ARM) += build/make/thumb.pm 469 DIST-SRCS-yes += $(target:-$(TOOLCHAIN)=).mk 470endif 471INSTALL-SRCS := $(call cond_enabled,CONFIG_INSTALL_SRCS,INSTALL-SRCS) 472ifeq ($(MAKECMDGOALS),dist) 473INSTALL-SRCS += $(call cond_enabled,CONFIG_INSTALL_SRCS,DIST-SRCS) 474endif 475.install-srcs: $(addprefix $(DIST_DIR)/src/,$(INSTALL-SRCS)) 476 @touch $@ 477 478clean:: 479 rm -f .install-srcs 480 481ifeq ($(CONFIG_EXTERNAL_BUILD),yes) 482 BUILD_TARGETS += .projects 483 INSTALL_TARGETS += .install-projects 484endif 485BUILD_TARGETS += .docs .libs .bins 486INSTALL_TARGETS += .install-docs .install-srcs .install-libs .install-bins 487all: $(BUILD_TARGETS) 488install:: $(INSTALL_TARGETS) 489dist: $(INSTALL_TARGETS) 490test: 491 492.SUFFIXES: # Delete default suffix rules 493