1A. HISTORY OF THE SOFTWARE 2========================== 3 4Python was created in the early 1990s by Guido van Rossum at Stichting 5Mathematisch Centrum (CWI, see https://www.cwi.nl) in the Netherlands 6as a successor of a language called ABC. Guido remains Python's 7principal author, although it includes many contributions from others. 8 9In 1995, Guido continued his work on Python at the Corporation for 10National Research Initiatives (CNRI, see https://www.cnri.reston.va.us) 11in Reston, Virginia where he released several versions of the 12software. 13 14In May 2000, Guido and the Python core development team moved to 15BeOpen.com to form the BeOpen PythonLabs team. In October of the same 16year, the PythonLabs team moved to Digital Creations, which became 17Zope Corporation. In 2001, the Python Software Foundation (PSF, see 18https://www.python.org/psf/) was formed, a non-profit organization 19created specifically to own Python-related Intellectual Property. 20Zope Corporation was a sponsoring member of the PSF. 21 22All Python releases are Open Source (see https://opensource.org for 23the Open Source Definition). Historically, most, but not all, Python 24releases have also been GPL-compatible; the table below summarizes 25the various releases. 26 27 Release Derived Year Owner GPL- 28 from compatible? (1) 29 30 0.9.0 thru 1.2 1991-1995 CWI yes 31 1.3 thru 1.5.2 1.2 1995-1999 CNRI yes 32 1.6 1.5.2 2000 CNRI no 33 2.0 1.6 2000 BeOpen.com no 34 1.6.1 1.6 2001 CNRI yes (2) 35 2.1 2.0+1.6.1 2001 PSF no 36 2.0.1 2.0+1.6.1 2001 PSF yes 37 2.1.1 2.1+2.0.1 2001 PSF yes 38 2.1.2 2.1.1 2002 PSF yes 39 2.1.3 2.1.2 2002 PSF yes 40 2.2 and above 2.1.1 2001-now PSF yes 41 42Footnotes: 43 44(1) GPL-compatible doesn't mean that we're distributing Python under 45 the GPL. All Python licenses, unlike the GPL, let you distribute 46 a modified version without making your changes open source. The 47 GPL-compatible licenses make it possible to combine Python with 48 other software that is released under the GPL; the others don't. 49 50(2) According to Richard Stallman, 1.6.1 is not GPL-compatible, 51 because its license has a choice of law clause. According to 52 CNRI, however, Stallman's lawyer has told CNRI's lawyer that 1.6.1 53 is "not incompatible" with the GPL. 54 55Thanks to the many outside volunteers who have worked under Guido's 56direction to make these releases possible. 57 58 59B. TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR ACCESSING OR OTHERWISE USING PYTHON 60=============================================================== 61 62Python software and documentation are licensed under the 63Python Software Foundation License Version 2. 64 65Starting with Python 3.8.6, examples, recipes, and other code in 66the documentation are dual licensed under the PSF License Version 2 67and the Zero-Clause BSD license. 68 69Some software incorporated into Python is under different licenses. 70The licenses are listed with code falling under that license. 71 72 73PYTHON SOFTWARE FOUNDATION LICENSE VERSION 2 74-------------------------------------------- 75 761. This LICENSE AGREEMENT is between the Python Software Foundation 77("PSF"), and the Individual or Organization ("Licensee") accessing and 78otherwise using this software ("Python") in source or binary form and 79its associated documentation. 80 812. Subject to the terms and conditions of this License Agreement, PSF hereby 82grants Licensee a nonexclusive, royalty-free, world-wide license to reproduce, 83analyze, test, perform and/or display publicly, prepare derivative works, 84distribute, and otherwise use Python alone or in any derivative version, 85provided, however, that PSF's License Agreement and PSF's notice of copyright, 86i.e., "Copyright (c) 2001-2024 Python Software Foundation; All Rights Reserved" 87are retained in Python alone or in any derivative version prepared by Licensee. 88 893. In the event Licensee prepares a derivative work that is based on 90or incorporates Python or any part thereof, and wants to make 91the derivative work available to others as provided herein, then 92Licensee hereby agrees to include in any such work a brief summary of 93the changes made to Python. 94 954. PSF is making Python available to Licensee on an "AS IS" 96basis. PSF MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR 97IMPLIED. BY WAY OF EXAMPLE, BUT NOT LIMITATION, PSF MAKES NO AND 98DISCLAIMS ANY REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS 99FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR THAT THE USE OF PYTHON WILL NOT 100INFRINGE ANY THIRD PARTY RIGHTS. 101 1025. PSF SHALL NOT BE LIABLE TO LICENSEE OR ANY OTHER USERS OF PYTHON 103FOR ANY INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR LOSS AS 104A RESULT OF MODIFYING, DISTRIBUTING, OR OTHERWISE USING PYTHON, 105OR ANY DERIVATIVE THEREOF, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY THEREOF. 106 1076. This License Agreement will automatically terminate upon a material 108breach of its terms and conditions. 109 1107. Nothing in this License Agreement shall be deemed to create any 111relationship of agency, partnership, or joint venture between PSF and 112Licensee. This License Agreement does not grant permission to use PSF 113trademarks or trade name in a trademark sense to endorse or promote 114products or services of Licensee, or any third party. 115 1168. By copying, installing or otherwise using Python, Licensee 117agrees to be bound by the terms and conditions of this License 118Agreement. 119 120 121BEOPEN.COM LICENSE AGREEMENT FOR PYTHON 2.0 122------------------------------------------- 123 124BEOPEN PYTHON OPEN SOURCE LICENSE AGREEMENT VERSION 1 125 1261. This LICENSE AGREEMENT is between BeOpen.com ("BeOpen"), having an 127office at 160 Saratoga Avenue, Santa Clara, CA 95051, and the 128Individual or Organization ("Licensee") accessing and otherwise using 129this software in source or binary form and its associated 130documentation ("the Software"). 131 1322. Subject to the terms and conditions of this BeOpen Python License 133Agreement, BeOpen hereby grants Licensee a non-exclusive, 134royalty-free, world-wide license to reproduce, analyze, test, perform 135and/or display publicly, prepare derivative works, distribute, and 136otherwise use the Software alone or in any derivative version, 137provided, however, that the BeOpen Python License is retained in the 138Software, alone or in any derivative version prepared by Licensee. 139 1403. BeOpen is making the Software available to Licensee on an "AS IS" 141basis. BEOPEN MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR 142IMPLIED. BY WAY OF EXAMPLE, BUT NOT LIMITATION, BEOPEN MAKES NO AND 143DISCLAIMS ANY REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS 144FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR THAT THE USE OF THE SOFTWARE WILL NOT 145INFRINGE ANY THIRD PARTY RIGHTS. 146 1474. BEOPEN SHALL NOT BE LIABLE TO LICENSEE OR ANY OTHER USERS OF THE 148SOFTWARE FOR ANY INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR LOSS 149AS A RESULT OF USING, MODIFYING OR DISTRIBUTING THE SOFTWARE, OR ANY 150DERIVATIVE THEREOF, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY THEREOF. 151 1525. This License Agreement will automatically terminate upon a material 153breach of its terms and conditions. 154 1556. This License Agreement shall be governed by and interpreted in all 156respects by the law of the State of California, excluding conflict of 157law provisions. Nothing in this License Agreement shall be deemed to 158create any relationship of agency, partnership, or joint venture 159between BeOpen and Licensee. This License Agreement does not grant 160permission to use BeOpen trademarks or trade names in a trademark 161sense to endorse or promote products or services of Licensee, or any 162third party. As an exception, the "BeOpen Python" logos available at 163http://www.pythonlabs.com/logos.html may be used according to the 164permissions granted on that web page. 165 1667. By copying, installing or otherwise using the software, Licensee 167agrees to be bound by the terms and conditions of this License 168Agreement. 169 170 171CNRI LICENSE AGREEMENT FOR PYTHON 1.6.1 172--------------------------------------- 173 1741. This LICENSE AGREEMENT is between the Corporation for National 175Research Initiatives, having an office at 1895 Preston White Drive, 176Reston, VA 20191 ("CNRI"), and the Individual or Organization 177("Licensee") accessing and otherwise using Python 1.6.1 software in 178source or binary form and its associated documentation. 179 1802. Subject to the terms and conditions of this License Agreement, CNRI 181hereby grants Licensee a nonexclusive, royalty-free, world-wide 182license to reproduce, analyze, test, perform and/or display publicly, 183prepare derivative works, distribute, and otherwise use Python 1.6.1 184alone or in any derivative version, provided, however, that CNRI's 185License Agreement and CNRI's notice of copyright, i.e., "Copyright (c) 1861995-2001 Corporation for National Research Initiatives; All Rights 187Reserved" are retained in Python 1.6.1 alone or in any derivative 188version prepared by Licensee. Alternately, in lieu of CNRI's License 189Agreement, Licensee may substitute the following text (omitting the 190quotes): "Python 1.6.1 is made available subject to the terms and 191conditions in CNRI's License Agreement. This Agreement together with 192Python 1.6.1 may be located on the internet using the following 193unique, persistent identifier (known as a handle): 1895.22/1013. This 194Agreement may also be obtained from a proxy server on the internet 195using the following URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1895.22/1013". 196 1973. In the event Licensee prepares a derivative work that is based on 198or incorporates Python 1.6.1 or any part thereof, and wants to make 199the derivative work available to others as provided herein, then 200Licensee hereby agrees to include in any such work a brief summary of 201the changes made to Python 1.6.1. 202 2034. CNRI is making Python 1.6.1 available to Licensee on an "AS IS" 204basis. CNRI MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR 205IMPLIED. BY WAY OF EXAMPLE, BUT NOT LIMITATION, CNRI MAKES NO AND 206DISCLAIMS ANY REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS 207FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR THAT THE USE OF PYTHON 1.6.1 WILL NOT 208INFRINGE ANY THIRD PARTY RIGHTS. 209 2105. CNRI SHALL NOT BE LIABLE TO LICENSEE OR ANY OTHER USERS OF PYTHON 2111.6.1 FOR ANY INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR LOSS AS 212A RESULT OF MODIFYING, DISTRIBUTING, OR OTHERWISE USING PYTHON 1.6.1, 213OR ANY DERIVATIVE THEREOF, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY THEREOF. 214 2156. This License Agreement will automatically terminate upon a material 216breach of its terms and conditions. 217 2187. This License Agreement shall be governed by the federal 219intellectual property law of the United States, including without 220limitation the federal copyright law, and, to the extent such 221U.S. federal law does not apply, by the law of the Commonwealth of 222Virginia, excluding Virginia's conflict of law provisions. 223Notwithstanding the foregoing, with regard to derivative works based 224on Python 1.6.1 that incorporate non-separable material that was 225previously distributed under the GNU General Public License (GPL), the 226law of the Commonwealth of Virginia shall govern this License 227Agreement only as to issues arising under or with respect to 228Paragraphs 4, 5, and 7 of this License Agreement. Nothing in this 229License Agreement shall be deemed to create any relationship of 230agency, partnership, or joint venture between CNRI and Licensee. This 231License Agreement does not grant permission to use CNRI trademarks or 232trade name in a trademark sense to endorse or promote products or 233services of Licensee, or any third party. 234 2358. By clicking on the "ACCEPT" button where indicated, or by copying, 236installing or otherwise using Python 1.6.1, Licensee agrees to be 237bound by the terms and conditions of this License Agreement. 238 239 ACCEPT 240 241 242CWI LICENSE AGREEMENT FOR PYTHON 0.9.0 THROUGH 1.2 243-------------------------------------------------- 244 245Copyright (c) 1991 - 1995, Stichting Mathematisch Centrum Amsterdam, 246The Netherlands. All rights reserved. 247 248Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and its 249documentation for any purpose and without fee is hereby granted, 250provided that the above copyright notice appear in all copies and that 251both that copyright notice and this permission notice appear in 252supporting documentation, and that the name of Stichting Mathematisch 253Centrum or CWI not be used in advertising or publicity pertaining to 254distribution of the software without specific, written prior 255permission. 256 257STICHTING MATHEMATISCH CENTRUM DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO 258THIS SOFTWARE, INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND 259FITNESS, IN NO EVENT SHALL STICHTING MATHEMATISCH CENTRUM BE LIABLE 260FOR ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES 261WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN 262ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT 263OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE. 264 265ZERO-CLAUSE BSD LICENSE FOR CODE IN THE PYTHON DOCUMENTATION 266---------------------------------------------------------------------- 267 268Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any 269purpose with or without fee is hereby granted. 270 271THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH 272REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY 273AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, 274INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM 275LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR 276OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR 277PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE. 278