1 /* mksdcard.c
2 **
3 ** Copyright 2007, The Android Open Source Project
4 **
5 ** Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
6 ** modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
7 ** * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
8 ** notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
9 ** * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
10 ** notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
11 ** documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
12 ** * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its contributors may
13 ** be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
14 ** without specific prior written permission.
15 **
16 ** THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY Google Inc. ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
17 ** IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
18 ** MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO
19 ** EVENT SHALL Google Inc. BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
20 ** SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
21 ** PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS;
22 ** OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY,
23 ** WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR
24 ** OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF
25 ** ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
26 */
27
28 /* a simple and portable program used to generate a blank FAT32 image file
29 *
30 * usage: mksdcard [-l label] <size> <filename>
31 */
32
33 #include <time.h>
34 #include <stdio.h>
35 #include <stdlib.h>
36 #include <string.h>
37 #include <errno.h>
38 #include <unistd.h>
39
40 /* believe me, you *don't* want to change these constants !! */
41 #define BYTES_PER_SECTOR 512
42 #define RESERVED_SECTORS 32
43 #define BACKUP_BOOT_SECTOR 6
44 #define NUM_FATS 2
45
46 typedef long long Wide; /* might be something else if you don't use GCC */
47 typedef unsigned char Byte;
48 typedef Byte* Bytes;
49
50 #define BYTE_(p,i) (((Bytes)(p))[(i)])
51
52 #define POKEB(p,v) BYTE_(p,0) = (Byte)(v)
53 #define POKES(p,v) ( BYTE_(p,0) = (Byte)(v), BYTE_(p,1) = (Byte)((v) >> 8) )
54 #define POKEW(p,v) ( BYTE_(p,0) = (Byte)(v), BYTE_(p,1) = (Byte)((v) >> 8), BYTE_(p,2) = (Byte)((v) >> 16), BYTE_(p,3) = (Byte)((v) >> 24) )
55
56 static Byte s_boot_sector [ BYTES_PER_SECTOR ]; /* boot sector */
57 static Byte s_fsinfo_sector [ BYTES_PER_SECTOR ]; /* FS Info sector */
58 static Byte s_fat_head [ BYTES_PER_SECTOR ]; /* first FAT sector */
59 static Byte s_zero_sector [ BYTES_PER_SECTOR ]; /* empty sector */
60
61 /* this is the date and time when creating the disk */
62 static int
get_serial_id(void)63 get_serial_id( void )
64 {
65 unsigned short lo, hi, mid;
66 time_t now = time(NULL);
67 struct tm tm = gmtime( &now )[0];
68
69 lo = (unsigned short)(tm.tm_mday + ((tm.tm_mon+1) << 8) + (tm.tm_sec << 8));
70 hi = (unsigned short)(tm.tm_min + (tm.tm_hour << 8) + (tm.tm_year + 1900));
71
72 return lo + (hi << 16);
73 }
74
75 static int
get_sectors_per_cluster(Wide disk_size)76 get_sectors_per_cluster( Wide disk_size )
77 {
78 Wide disk_MB = disk_size/(1024*1024);
79
80 if (disk_MB < 260)
81 return 1;
82
83 if (disk_MB < 8192)
84 return 4;
85
86 if (disk_MB < 16384)
87 return 8;
88
89 if (disk_MB < 32768)
90 return 16;
91
92 return 32;
93 }
94
95 static int
get_sectors_per_fat(Wide disk_size,int sectors_per_cluster)96 get_sectors_per_fat( Wide disk_size, int sectors_per_cluster )
97 {
98 Wide divider;
99
100 /* weird computation from MS - see fatgen103.doc for details */
101 disk_size -= RESERVED_SECTORS * BYTES_PER_SECTOR; /* don't count 32 reserved sectors */
102 disk_size /= BYTES_PER_SECTOR; /* disk size in sectors */
103 divider = ((256 * sectors_per_cluster) + NUM_FATS) / 2;
104
105 return (int)( (disk_size + (divider-1)) / divider );
106 }
107
108 static void
boot_sector_init(Bytes boot,Bytes info,Wide disk_size,const char * label)109 boot_sector_init( Bytes boot, Bytes info, Wide disk_size, const char* label )
110 {
111 int sectors_per_cluster = get_sectors_per_cluster(disk_size);
112 int sectors_per_fat = get_sectors_per_fat(disk_size, sectors_per_cluster);
113 int sectors_per_disk = (int)(disk_size / BYTES_PER_SECTOR);
114 int serial_id = get_serial_id();
115 int free_count;
116
117 if (label == NULL)
118 label = "SDCARD";
119
120 POKEB(boot, 0xeb);
121 POKEB(boot+1, 0x5a);
122 POKEB(boot+2, 0x90);
123 strcpy( (char*)boot + 3, "MSWIN4.1" );
124 POKES( boot + 0x0b, BYTES_PER_SECTOR ); /* sector size */
125 POKEB( boot + 0xd, sectors_per_cluster ); /* sectors per cluster */
126 POKES( boot + 0xe, RESERVED_SECTORS ); /* reserved sectors before first FAT */
127 POKEB( boot + 0x10, NUM_FATS ); /* number of FATs */
128 POKES( boot + 0x11, 0 ); /* max root directory entries for FAT12/FAT16, 0 for FAT32 */
129 POKES( boot + 0x13, 0 ); /* total sectors, 0 to use 32-bit value at offset 0x20 */
130 POKEB( boot + 0x15, 0xF8 ); /* media descriptor, 0xF8 == hard disk */
131 POKES( boot + 0x16, 0 ); /* Sectors per FAT for FAT12/16, 0 for FAT32 */
132 POKES( boot + 0x18, 9 ); /* Sectors per track (whatever) */
133 POKES( boot + 0x1a, 2 ); /* Number of heads (whatever) */
134 POKEW( boot + 0x1c, 0 ); /* Hidden sectors */
135 POKEW( boot + 0x20, sectors_per_disk ); /* Total sectors */
136
137 /* extension */
138 POKEW( boot + 0x24, sectors_per_fat ); /* Sectors per FAT */
139 POKES( boot + 0x28, 0 ); /* FAT flags */
140 POKES( boot + 0x2a, 0 ); /* version */
141 POKEW( boot + 0x2c, 2 ); /* cluster number of root directory start */
142 POKES( boot + 0x30, 1 ); /* sector number of FS information sector */
143 POKES( boot + 0x32, BACKUP_BOOT_SECTOR ); /* sector number of a copy of this boot sector */
144 POKEB( boot + 0x40, 0x80 ); /* physical drive number */
145 POKEB( boot + 0x42, 0x29 ); /* extended boot signature ?? */
146 POKEW( boot + 0x43, serial_id ); /* serial ID */
147 strncpy( (char*)boot + 0x47, label, 11 ); /* Volume Label */
148 memcpy( boot + 0x52, "FAT32 ", 8 ); /* FAT system type, padded with 0x20 */
149
150 POKEB( boot + BYTES_PER_SECTOR-2, 0x55 ); /* boot sector signature */
151 POKEB( boot + BYTES_PER_SECTOR-1, 0xAA );
152
153 /* FSInfo sector */
154 free_count = sectors_per_disk - 32 - 2*sectors_per_fat;
155
156 POKEW( info + 0, 0x41615252 );
157 POKEW( info + 484, 0x61417272 );
158 POKEW( info + 488, free_count ); /* number of free clusters */
159 POKEW( info + 492, 3 ); /* next free clusters, 0-1 reserved, 2 is used for the root dir */
160 POKEW( info + 508, 0xAA550000 );
161 }
162
163 static void
fat_init(Bytes fat)164 fat_init( Bytes fat )
165 {
166 POKEW( fat, 0x0ffffff8 ); /* reserve cluster 1, media id in low byte */
167 POKEW( fat + 4, 0x0fffffff ); /* reserve cluster 2 */
168 POKEW( fat + 8, 0x0fffffff ); /* end of clust chain for root dir */
169 }
170
171
172 static int
write_sector(FILE * file,Bytes sector)173 write_sector( FILE* file, Bytes sector )
174 {
175 return fwrite( sector, 1, 512, file ) != 512;
176 }
177
178 static int
write_empty(FILE * file,Wide count)179 write_empty( FILE* file, Wide count )
180 {
181 static Byte empty[64*1024];
182
183 count *= 512;
184 while (count > 0) {
185 int len = sizeof(empty);
186 if (len > count)
187 len = count;
188
189 if ( fwrite( empty, 1, len, file ) != (size_t)len )
190 return 1;
191
192 count -= len;
193 }
194 return 0;
195 }
196
usage(void)197 static void usage (void)
198 {
199 fprintf(stderr, "mksdcard: create a blank FAT32 image to be used with the Android emulator\n" );
200 fprintf(stderr, "usage: mksdcard [-l label] <size> <file>\n\n");
201 fprintf(stderr, " if <size> is a simple integer, it specifies a size in bytes\n" );
202 fprintf(stderr, " if <size> is an integer followed by 'K', it specifies a size in KiB\n" );
203 fprintf(stderr, " if <size> is an integer followed by 'M', it specifies a size in MiB\n" );
204 exit(1);
205 }
206
main(int argc,char ** argv)207 int main( int argc, char** argv )
208 {
209 Wide disk_size;
210 int sectors_per_fat;
211 int sectors_per_disk;
212 char* end;
213 const char* label = NULL;
214 FILE* f;
215
216 for ( ; argc > 1 && argv[1][0] == '-'; argc--, argv++ )
217 {
218 char* arg = argv[1] + 1;
219 switch (arg[0]) {
220 case 'l':
221 if (arg[1] != 0)
222 arg += 2;
223 else {
224 argc--;
225 argv++;
226 if (argc <= 1)
227 usage();
228 arg = argv[1];
229 }
230 label = arg;
231 break;
232
233 default:
234 usage();
235 }
236 }
237
238 if (argc != 3)
239 usage();
240
241 disk_size = strtol( argv[1], &end, 10 );
242 if (disk_size == 0 && errno == EINVAL)
243 usage();
244
245 if (*end == 'K')
246 disk_size *= 1024;
247 else if (*end == 'M')
248 disk_size *= 1024*1024;
249
250 if (disk_size < 8*1024*1024)
251 fprintf(stderr, "### WARNING : SD Card images < 8 MB cannot be used with the Android emulator\n");
252
253 sectors_per_disk = disk_size / 512;
254 sectors_per_fat = get_sectors_per_fat( disk_size, get_sectors_per_cluster( disk_size ) );
255
256 boot_sector_init( s_boot_sector, s_fsinfo_sector, disk_size, NULL );
257 fat_init( s_fat_head );
258
259 f = fopen( argv[2], "wb" );
260 if ( !f ) {
261 fprintf(stderr, "could not create file '%s', aborting...\n", argv[2] );
262 }
263
264 /* here's the layout:
265 *
266 * boot_sector
267 * fsinfo_sector
268 * empty
269 * backup boot sector
270 * backup fsinfo sector
271 * RESERVED_SECTORS - 4 empty sectors (if backup sectors), or RESERVED_SECTORS - 2 (if no backup)
272 * first fat
273 * second fat
274 * zero sectors
275 */
276
277 if ( write_sector( f, s_boot_sector ) ) goto FailWrite;
278 if ( write_sector( f, s_fsinfo_sector ) ) goto FailWrite;
279 if ( BACKUP_BOOT_SECTOR > 0 ) {
280 if ( write_empty( f, BACKUP_BOOT_SECTOR - 2 ) ) goto FailWrite;
281 if ( write_sector( f, s_boot_sector ) ) goto FailWrite;
282 if ( write_sector( f, s_fsinfo_sector ) ) goto FailWrite;
283 if ( write_empty( f, RESERVED_SECTORS - 2 - BACKUP_BOOT_SECTOR ) ) goto FailWrite;
284 }
285 else
286 if ( write_empty( f, RESERVED_SECTORS - 2 ) ) goto FailWrite;
287
288 if ( write_sector( f, s_fat_head ) ) goto FailWrite;
289 if ( write_empty( f, sectors_per_fat-1 ) ) goto FailWrite;
290
291 if ( write_sector( f, s_fat_head ) ) goto FailWrite;
292 if ( write_empty( f, sectors_per_fat-1 ) ) goto FailWrite;
293
294 if ( write_empty( f, sectors_per_disk - RESERVED_SECTORS - 2*sectors_per_fat ) ) goto FailWrite;
295
296 fclose(f);
297 return 0;
298
299 FailWrite:
300 fprintf(stderr, "could not write to '%s', aborting...\n", argv[2] );
301 unlink( argv[2] );
302 fclose(f);
303 return 1;
304 }
305