1 /*
2 * Copyright (c) 1998 Robert Nordier
3 * All rights reserved.
4 *
5 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
6 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
7 * are met:
8 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
9 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
10 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
11 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in
12 * the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
13 * distribution.
14 *
15 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR(S) ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS
16 * OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
17 * WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
18 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR(S) BE LIABLE FOR ANY
19 * DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
20 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE
21 * GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
22 * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER
23 * IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR
24 * OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN
25 * IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
26 */
27
28 #ifndef lint
29 static const char rcsid[] =
30 "$FreeBSD: src/sbin/newfs_msdos/newfs_msdos.c,v 1.33 2009/04/11 14:56:29 ed Exp $";
31 #endif /* not lint */
32
33 #include <sys/param.h>
34
35 #ifndef ANDROID
36 #include <sys/fdcio.h>
37 #include <sys/disk.h>
38 #include <sys/disklabel.h>
39 #include <sys/mount.h>
40 #else
41 #include <stdarg.h>
42 #include <linux/fs.h>
43 #include <linux/hdreg.h>
44 #endif
45
46 #include <sys/stat.h>
47 #include <sys/time.h>
48
49 #include <ctype.h>
50 #include <err.h>
51 #include <errno.h>
52 #include <fcntl.h>
53 #include <inttypes.h>
54 #include <paths.h>
55 #include <stdio.h>
56 #include <stdlib.h>
57 #include <string.h>
58 #include <time.h>
59 #include <unistd.h>
60
61 #define MAXU16 0xffff /* maximum unsigned 16-bit quantity */
62 #define BPN 4 /* bits per nibble */
63 #define NPB 2 /* nibbles per byte */
64
65 #define DOSMAGIC 0xaa55 /* DOS magic number */
66 #define MINBPS 512 /* minimum bytes per sector */
67 #define MAXSPC 128 /* maximum sectors per cluster */
68 #define MAXNFT 16 /* maximum number of FATs */
69 #define DEFBLK 4096 /* default block size */
70 #define DEFBLK16 2048 /* default block size FAT16 */
71 #define DEFRDE 512 /* default root directory entries */
72 #define RESFTE 2 /* reserved FAT entries */
73 #define MINCLS12 1 /* minimum FAT12 clusters */
74 #define MINCLS16 0x1000 /* minimum FAT16 clusters */
75 #define MINCLS32 2 /* minimum FAT32 clusters */
76 #define MAXCLS12 0xfed /* maximum FAT12 clusters */
77 #define MAXCLS16 0xfff5 /* maximum FAT16 clusters */
78 #define MAXCLS32 0xffffff5 /* maximum FAT32 clusters */
79
80 #define mincls(fat) ((fat) == 12 ? MINCLS12 : \
81 (fat) == 16 ? MINCLS16 : \
82 MINCLS32)
83
84 #define maxcls(fat) ((fat) == 12 ? MAXCLS12 : \
85 (fat) == 16 ? MAXCLS16 : \
86 MAXCLS32)
87
88 #define mk1(p, x) \
89 (p) = (u_int8_t)(x)
90
91 #define mk2(p, x) \
92 (p)[0] = (u_int8_t)(x), \
93 (p)[1] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 010)
94
95 #define mk4(p, x) \
96 (p)[0] = (u_int8_t)(x), \
97 (p)[1] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 010), \
98 (p)[2] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 020), \
99 (p)[3] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 030)
100
101 #define argto1(arg, lo, msg) argtou(arg, lo, 0xff, msg)
102 #define argto2(arg, lo, msg) argtou(arg, lo, 0xffff, msg)
103 #define argto4(arg, lo, msg) argtou(arg, lo, 0xffffffff, msg)
104 #define argtox(arg, lo, msg) argtou(arg, lo, UINT_MAX, msg)
105
106 struct bs {
107 u_int8_t jmp[3]; /* bootstrap entry point */
108 u_int8_t oem[8]; /* OEM name and version */
109 };
110
111 struct bsbpb {
112 u_int8_t bps[2]; /* bytes per sector */
113 u_int8_t spc; /* sectors per cluster */
114 u_int8_t res[2]; /* reserved sectors */
115 u_int8_t nft; /* number of FATs */
116 u_int8_t rde[2]; /* root directory entries */
117 u_int8_t sec[2]; /* total sectors */
118 u_int8_t mid; /* media descriptor */
119 u_int8_t spf[2]; /* sectors per FAT */
120 u_int8_t spt[2]; /* sectors per track */
121 u_int8_t hds[2]; /* drive heads */
122 u_int8_t hid[4]; /* hidden sectors */
123 u_int8_t bsec[4]; /* big total sectors */
124 };
125
126 struct bsxbpb {
127 u_int8_t bspf[4]; /* big sectors per FAT */
128 u_int8_t xflg[2]; /* FAT control flags */
129 u_int8_t vers[2]; /* file system version */
130 u_int8_t rdcl[4]; /* root directory start cluster */
131 u_int8_t infs[2]; /* file system info sector */
132 u_int8_t bkbs[2]; /* backup boot sector */
133 u_int8_t rsvd[12]; /* reserved */
134 };
135
136 struct bsx {
137 u_int8_t drv; /* drive number */
138 u_int8_t rsvd; /* reserved */
139 u_int8_t sig; /* extended boot signature */
140 u_int8_t volid[4]; /* volume ID number */
141 u_int8_t label[11]; /* volume label */
142 u_int8_t type[8]; /* file system type */
143 };
144
145 struct de {
146 u_int8_t namext[11]; /* name and extension */
147 u_int8_t attr; /* attributes */
148 u_int8_t rsvd[10]; /* reserved */
149 u_int8_t time[2]; /* creation time */
150 u_int8_t date[2]; /* creation date */
151 u_int8_t clus[2]; /* starting cluster */
152 u_int8_t size[4]; /* size */
153 };
154
155 struct bpb {
156 u_int bps; /* bytes per sector */
157 u_int spc; /* sectors per cluster */
158 u_int res; /* reserved sectors */
159 u_int nft; /* number of FATs */
160 u_int rde; /* root directory entries */
161 u_int sec; /* total sectors */
162 u_int mid; /* media descriptor */
163 u_int spf; /* sectors per FAT */
164 u_int spt; /* sectors per track */
165 u_int hds; /* drive heads */
166 u_int hid; /* hidden sectors */
167 u_int bsec; /* big total sectors */
168 u_int bspf; /* big sectors per FAT */
169 u_int rdcl; /* root directory start cluster */
170 u_int infs; /* file system info sector */
171 u_int bkbs; /* backup boot sector */
172 };
173
174 #define BPBGAP 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0
175
176 static struct {
177 const char *name;
178 struct bpb bpb;
179 } const stdfmt[] = {
180 {"160", {512, 1, 1, 2, 64, 320, 0xfe, 1, 8, 1, BPBGAP}},
181 {"180", {512, 1, 1, 2, 64, 360, 0xfc, 2, 9, 1, BPBGAP}},
182 {"320", {512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 640, 0xff, 1, 8, 2, BPBGAP}},
183 {"360", {512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 720, 0xfd, 2, 9, 2, BPBGAP}},
184 {"640", {512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 1280, 0xfb, 2, 8, 2, BPBGAP}},
185 {"720", {512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 1440, 0xf9, 3, 9, 2, BPBGAP}},
186 {"1200", {512, 1, 1, 2, 224, 2400, 0xf9, 7, 15, 2, BPBGAP}},
187 {"1232", {1024,1, 1, 2, 192, 1232, 0xfe, 2, 8, 2, BPBGAP}},
188 {"1440", {512, 1, 1, 2, 224, 2880, 0xf0, 9, 18, 2, BPBGAP}},
189 {"2880", {512, 2, 1, 2, 240, 5760, 0xf0, 9, 36, 2, BPBGAP}}
190 };
191
192 static const u_int8_t bootcode[] = {
193 0xfa, /* cli */
194 0x31, 0xc0, /* xor ax,ax */
195 0x8e, 0xd0, /* mov ss,ax */
196 0xbc, 0x00, 0x7c, /* mov sp,7c00h */
197 0xfb, /* sti */
198 0x8e, 0xd8, /* mov ds,ax */
199 0xe8, 0x00, 0x00, /* call $ + 3 */
200 0x5e, /* pop si */
201 0x83, 0xc6, 0x19, /* add si,+19h */
202 0xbb, 0x07, 0x00, /* mov bx,0007h */
203 0xfc, /* cld */
204 0xac, /* lodsb */
205 0x84, 0xc0, /* test al,al */
206 0x74, 0x06, /* jz $ + 8 */
207 0xb4, 0x0e, /* mov ah,0eh */
208 0xcd, 0x10, /* int 10h */
209 0xeb, 0xf5, /* jmp $ - 9 */
210 0x30, 0xe4, /* xor ah,ah */
211 0xcd, 0x16, /* int 16h */
212 0xcd, 0x19, /* int 19h */
213 0x0d, 0x0a,
214 'N', 'o', 'n', '-', 's', 'y', 's', 't',
215 'e', 'm', ' ', 'd', 'i', 's', 'k',
216 0x0d, 0x0a,
217 'P', 'r', 'e', 's', 's', ' ', 'a', 'n',
218 'y', ' ', 'k', 'e', 'y', ' ', 't', 'o',
219 ' ', 'r', 'e', 'b', 'o', 'o', 't',
220 0x0d, 0x0a,
221 0
222 };
223
224 static void check_mounted(const char *, mode_t);
225 static void getstdfmt(const char *, struct bpb *);
226 static void getdiskinfo(int, const char *, const char *, int,
227 struct bpb *);
228 static void print_bpb(struct bpb *);
229 static u_int ckgeom(const char *, u_int, const char *);
230 static u_int argtou(const char *, u_int, u_int, const char *);
231 static off_t argtooff(const char *, const char *);
232 static int oklabel(const char *);
233 static void mklabel(u_int8_t *, const char *);
234 static void setstr(u_int8_t *, const char *, size_t);
235 static void usage(void);
236
237 #ifdef ANDROID
238 #define powerof2(x) ((((x) - 1) & (x)) == 0)
239 #define howmany(x, y) (((x) + ((y) - 1)) / (y))
240 #define MAX(x,y) ((x) > (y) ? (x) : (y))
241 #define MIN(a, b) ((a) < (b) ? (a) : (b))
242
243 #endif
244 /*
245 * Construct a FAT12, FAT16, or FAT32 file system.
246 */
247 int
newfs_msdos_main(int argc,char * argv[])248 newfs_msdos_main(int argc, char *argv[])
249 {
250 static const char opts[] = "@:NB:C:F:I:L:O:S:a:b:c:e:f:h:i:k:m:n:o:r:s:u:";
251 const char *opt_B = NULL, *opt_L = NULL, *opt_O = NULL, *opt_f = NULL;
252 u_int opt_F = 0, opt_I = 0, opt_S = 0, opt_a = 0, opt_b = 0, opt_c = 0;
253 u_int opt_e = 0, opt_h = 0, opt_i = 0, opt_k = 0, opt_m = 0, opt_n = 0;
254 u_int opt_o = 0, opt_r = 0, opt_s = 0, opt_u = 0;
255 int opt_N = 0;
256 int Iflag = 0, mflag = 0, oflag = 0;
257 char buf[MAXPATHLEN];
258 struct stat sb;
259 struct timeval tv;
260 struct bpb bpb;
261 struct tm *tm;
262 struct bs *bs;
263 struct bsbpb *bsbpb;
264 struct bsxbpb *bsxbpb;
265 struct bsx *bsx;
266 struct de *de;
267 u_int8_t *img;
268 const char *fname, *dtype, *bname;
269 ssize_t n;
270 time_t now;
271 u_int fat, bss, rds, cls, dir, lsn, x, x1, x2;
272 int ch, fd, fd1;
273 off_t opt_create = 0, opt_ofs = 0;
274
275 while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, opts)) != -1)
276 switch (ch) {
277 case '@':
278 opt_ofs = argtooff(optarg, "offset");
279 break;
280 case 'N':
281 opt_N = 1;
282 break;
283 case 'B':
284 opt_B = optarg;
285 break;
286 case 'C':
287 opt_create = argtooff(optarg, "create size");
288 break;
289 case 'F':
290 if (strcmp(optarg, "12") &&
291 strcmp(optarg, "16") &&
292 strcmp(optarg, "32"))
293 errx(1, "%s: bad FAT type", optarg);
294 opt_F = atoi(optarg);
295 break;
296 case 'I':
297 opt_I = argto4(optarg, 0, "volume ID");
298 Iflag = 1;
299 break;
300 case 'L':
301 if (!oklabel(optarg))
302 errx(1, "%s: bad volume label", optarg);
303 opt_L = optarg;
304 break;
305 case 'O':
306 if (strlen(optarg) > 8)
307 errx(1, "%s: bad OEM string", optarg);
308 opt_O = optarg;
309 break;
310 case 'S':
311 opt_S = argto2(optarg, 1, "bytes/sector");
312 break;
313 case 'a':
314 opt_a = argto4(optarg, 1, "sectors/FAT");
315 break;
316 case 'b':
317 opt_b = argtox(optarg, 1, "block size");
318 opt_c = 0;
319 break;
320 case 'c':
321 opt_c = argto1(optarg, 1, "sectors/cluster");
322 opt_b = 0;
323 break;
324 case 'e':
325 opt_e = argto2(optarg, 1, "directory entries");
326 break;
327 case 'f':
328 opt_f = optarg;
329 break;
330 case 'h':
331 opt_h = argto2(optarg, 1, "drive heads");
332 break;
333 case 'i':
334 opt_i = argto2(optarg, 1, "info sector");
335 break;
336 case 'k':
337 opt_k = argto2(optarg, 1, "backup sector");
338 break;
339 case 'm':
340 opt_m = argto1(optarg, 0, "media descriptor");
341 mflag = 1;
342 break;
343 case 'n':
344 opt_n = argto1(optarg, 1, "number of FATs");
345 break;
346 case 'o':
347 opt_o = argto4(optarg, 0, "hidden sectors");
348 oflag = 1;
349 break;
350 case 'r':
351 opt_r = argto2(optarg, 1, "reserved sectors");
352 break;
353 case 's':
354 opt_s = argto4(optarg, 1, "file system size");
355 break;
356 case 'u':
357 opt_u = argto2(optarg, 1, "sectors/track");
358 break;
359 default:
360 usage();
361 }
362 argc -= optind;
363 argv += optind;
364 if (argc < 1 || argc > 2)
365 usage();
366 fname = *argv++;
367 if (!opt_create && !strchr(fname, '/')) {
368 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s%s", _PATH_DEV, fname);
369 if (!(fname = strdup(buf)))
370 err(1, NULL);
371 }
372 dtype = *argv;
373 if (opt_create) {
374 if (opt_N)
375 errx(1, "create (-C) is incompatible with -N");
376 fd = open(fname, O_RDWR | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, 0644);
377 if (fd == -1)
378 errx(1, "failed to create %s", fname);
379 if (ftruncate(fd, opt_create))
380 errx(1, "failed to initialize %jd bytes", (intmax_t)opt_create);
381 } else if ((fd = open(fname, opt_N ? O_RDONLY : O_RDWR)) == -1)
382 err(1, "%s", fname);
383 if (fstat(fd, &sb))
384 err(1, "%s", fname);
385 if (opt_create) {
386 if (!S_ISREG(sb.st_mode))
387 warnx("warning, %s is not a regular file", fname);
388 } else {
389 if (!S_ISCHR(sb.st_mode))
390 warnx("warning, %s is not a character device", fname);
391 }
392 if (!opt_N)
393 check_mounted(fname, sb.st_mode);
394 if (opt_ofs && opt_ofs != lseek(fd, opt_ofs, SEEK_SET))
395 errx(1, "cannot seek to %jd", (intmax_t)opt_ofs);
396 memset(&bpb, 0, sizeof(bpb));
397 if (opt_f) {
398 getstdfmt(opt_f, &bpb);
399 bpb.bsec = bpb.sec;
400 bpb.sec = 0;
401 bpb.bspf = bpb.spf;
402 bpb.spf = 0;
403 }
404 if (opt_h)
405 bpb.hds = opt_h;
406 if (opt_u)
407 bpb.spt = opt_u;
408 if (opt_S)
409 bpb.bps = opt_S;
410 if (opt_s)
411 bpb.bsec = opt_s;
412 if (oflag)
413 bpb.hid = opt_o;
414 if (!(opt_f || (opt_h && opt_u && opt_S && opt_s && oflag))) {
415 off_t delta;
416 getdiskinfo(fd, fname, dtype, oflag, &bpb);
417 if (opt_s) {
418 bpb.bsec = opt_s;
419 }
420 bpb.bsec -= (opt_ofs / bpb.bps);
421 delta = bpb.bsec % bpb.spt;
422 if (delta != 0) {
423 warnx("trim %d sectors from %d to adjust to a multiple of %d",
424 (int)delta, bpb.bsec, bpb.spt);
425 bpb.bsec -= delta;
426 }
427 if (bpb.spc == 0) { /* set defaults */
428 if (bpb.bsec <= 6000) /* about 3MB -> 512 bytes */
429 bpb.spc = 1;
430 else if (bpb.bsec <= (1<<17)) /* 64M -> 4k */
431 bpb.spc = 8;
432 else if (bpb.bsec <= (1<<19)) /* 256M -> 8k */
433 bpb.spc = 16;
434 else if (bpb.bsec <= (1<<21)) /* 1G -> 16k */
435 bpb.spc = 32;
436 else
437 bpb.spc = 64; /* otherwise 32k */
438 }
439 }
440 if (!powerof2(bpb.bps))
441 errx(1, "bytes/sector (%u) is not a power of 2", bpb.bps);
442 if (bpb.bps < MINBPS)
443 errx(1, "bytes/sector (%u) is too small; minimum is %u",
444 bpb.bps, MINBPS);
445 if (!(fat = opt_F)) {
446 if (opt_f)
447 fat = 12;
448 else if (!opt_e && (opt_i || opt_k))
449 fat = 32;
450 }
451 if ((fat == 32 && opt_e) || (fat != 32 && (opt_i || opt_k)))
452 errx(1, "-%c is not a legal FAT%s option",
453 fat == 32 ? 'e' : opt_i ? 'i' : 'k',
454 fat == 32 ? "32" : "12/16");
455 if (opt_f && fat == 32)
456 bpb.rde = 0;
457 if (opt_b) {
458 if (!powerof2(opt_b))
459 errx(1, "block size (%u) is not a power of 2", opt_b);
460 if (opt_b < bpb.bps)
461 errx(1, "block size (%u) is too small; minimum is %u",
462 opt_b, bpb.bps);
463 if (opt_b > bpb.bps * MAXSPC)
464 errx(1, "block size (%u) is too large; maximum is %u",
465 opt_b, bpb.bps * MAXSPC);
466 bpb.spc = opt_b / bpb.bps;
467 }
468 if (opt_c) {
469 if (!powerof2(opt_c))
470 errx(1, "sectors/cluster (%u) is not a power of 2", opt_c);
471 bpb.spc = opt_c;
472 }
473 if (opt_r)
474 bpb.res = opt_r;
475 if (opt_n) {
476 if (opt_n > MAXNFT)
477 errx(1, "number of FATs (%u) is too large; maximum is %u",
478 opt_n, MAXNFT);
479 bpb.nft = opt_n;
480 }
481 if (opt_e)
482 bpb.rde = opt_e;
483 if (mflag) {
484 if (opt_m < 0xf0)
485 errx(1, "illegal media descriptor (%#x)", opt_m);
486 bpb.mid = opt_m;
487 }
488 if (opt_a)
489 bpb.bspf = opt_a;
490 if (opt_i)
491 bpb.infs = opt_i;
492 if (opt_k)
493 bpb.bkbs = opt_k;
494 bss = 1;
495 bname = NULL;
496 fd1 = -1;
497 if (opt_B) {
498 bname = opt_B;
499 if (!strchr(bname, '/')) {
500 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "/boot/%s", bname);
501 if (!(bname = strdup(buf)))
502 err(1, NULL);
503 }
504 if ((fd1 = open(bname, O_RDONLY)) == -1 || fstat(fd1, &sb))
505 err(1, "%s", bname);
506 if (!S_ISREG(sb.st_mode) || sb.st_size % bpb.bps ||
507 sb.st_size < bpb.bps || sb.st_size > bpb.bps * MAXU16)
508 errx(1, "%s: inappropriate file type or format", bname);
509 bss = sb.st_size / bpb.bps;
510 }
511 if (!bpb.nft)
512 bpb.nft = 2;
513 if (!fat) {
514 if (bpb.bsec < (bpb.res ? bpb.res : bss) +
515 howmany((RESFTE + (bpb.spc ? MINCLS16 : MAXCLS12 + 1)) *
516 ((bpb.spc ? 16 : 12) / BPN), bpb.bps * NPB) *
517 bpb.nft +
518 howmany(bpb.rde ? bpb.rde : DEFRDE,
519 bpb.bps / sizeof(struct de)) +
520 (bpb.spc ? MINCLS16 : MAXCLS12 + 1) *
521 (bpb.spc ? bpb.spc : howmany(DEFBLK, bpb.bps)))
522 fat = 12;
523 else if (bpb.rde || bpb.bsec <
524 (bpb.res ? bpb.res : bss) +
525 howmany((RESFTE + MAXCLS16) * 2, bpb.bps) * bpb.nft +
526 howmany(DEFRDE, bpb.bps / sizeof(struct de)) +
527 (MAXCLS16 + 1) *
528 (bpb.spc ? bpb.spc : howmany(8192, bpb.bps)))
529 fat = 16;
530 else
531 fat = 32;
532 }
533 x = bss;
534 if (fat == 32) {
535 if (!bpb.infs) {
536 if (x == MAXU16 || x == bpb.bkbs)
537 errx(1, "no room for info sector");
538 bpb.infs = x;
539 }
540 if (bpb.infs != MAXU16 && x <= bpb.infs)
541 x = bpb.infs + 1;
542 if (!bpb.bkbs) {
543 if (x == MAXU16)
544 errx(1, "no room for backup sector");
545 bpb.bkbs = x;
546 } else if (bpb.bkbs != MAXU16 && bpb.bkbs == bpb.infs)
547 errx(1, "backup sector would overwrite info sector");
548 if (bpb.bkbs != MAXU16 && x <= bpb.bkbs)
549 x = bpb.bkbs + 1;
550 }
551 if (!bpb.res)
552 bpb.res = fat == 32 ? MAX(x, MAX(16384 / bpb.bps, 4)) : x;
553 else if (bpb.res < x)
554 errx(1, "too few reserved sectors");
555 if (fat != 32 && !bpb.rde)
556 bpb.rde = DEFRDE;
557 rds = howmany(bpb.rde, bpb.bps / sizeof(struct de));
558 if (!bpb.spc)
559 for (bpb.spc = howmany(fat == 16 ? DEFBLK16 : DEFBLK, bpb.bps);
560 bpb.spc < MAXSPC &&
561 bpb.res +
562 howmany((RESFTE + maxcls(fat)) * (fat / BPN),
563 bpb.bps * NPB) * bpb.nft +
564 rds +
565 (u_int64_t)(maxcls(fat) + 1) * bpb.spc <= bpb.bsec;
566 bpb.spc <<= 1);
567 if (fat != 32 && bpb.bspf > MAXU16)
568 errx(1, "too many sectors/FAT for FAT12/16");
569 x1 = bpb.res + rds;
570 x = bpb.bspf ? bpb.bspf : 1;
571 if (x1 + (u_int64_t)x * bpb.nft > bpb.bsec)
572 errx(1, "meta data exceeds file system size");
573 x1 += x * bpb.nft;
574 x = (u_int64_t)(bpb.bsec - x1) * bpb.bps * NPB /
575 (bpb.spc * bpb.bps * NPB + fat / BPN * bpb.nft);
576 x2 = howmany((RESFTE + MIN(x, maxcls(fat))) * (fat / BPN),
577 bpb.bps * NPB);
578 if (!bpb.bspf) {
579 bpb.bspf = x2;
580 x1 += (bpb.bspf - 1) * bpb.nft;
581 }
582 cls = (bpb.bsec - x1) / bpb.spc;
583 x = (u_int64_t)bpb.bspf * bpb.bps * NPB / (fat / BPN) - RESFTE;
584 if (cls > x)
585 cls = x;
586 if (bpb.bspf < x2)
587 warnx("warning: sectors/FAT limits file system to %u clusters",
588 cls);
589 if (cls < mincls(fat))
590 errx(1, "%u clusters too few clusters for FAT%u, need %u", cls, fat,
591 mincls(fat));
592 if (cls > maxcls(fat)) {
593 cls = maxcls(fat);
594 bpb.bsec = x1 + (cls + 1) * bpb.spc - 1;
595 warnx("warning: FAT type limits file system to %u sectors",
596 bpb.bsec);
597 }
598 printf("%s: %u sector%s in %u FAT%u cluster%s "
599 "(%u bytes/cluster)\n", fname, cls * bpb.spc,
600 cls * bpb.spc == 1 ? "" : "s", cls, fat,
601 cls == 1 ? "" : "s", bpb.bps * bpb.spc);
602 if (!bpb.mid)
603 bpb.mid = !bpb.hid ? 0xf0 : 0xf8;
604 if (fat == 32)
605 bpb.rdcl = RESFTE;
606 if (bpb.hid + bpb.bsec <= MAXU16) {
607 bpb.sec = bpb.bsec;
608 bpb.bsec = 0;
609 }
610 if (fat != 32) {
611 bpb.spf = bpb.bspf;
612 bpb.bspf = 0;
613 }
614 print_bpb(&bpb);
615 if (!opt_N) {
616 gettimeofday(&tv, NULL);
617 now = tv.tv_sec;
618 tm = localtime(&now);
619 if (!(img = malloc(bpb.bps)))
620 err(1, NULL);
621 dir = bpb.res + (bpb.spf ? bpb.spf : bpb.bspf) * bpb.nft;
622 for (lsn = 0; lsn < dir + (fat == 32 ? bpb.spc : rds); lsn++) {
623 x = lsn;
624 if (opt_B &&
625 fat == 32 && bpb.bkbs != MAXU16 &&
626 bss <= bpb.bkbs && x >= bpb.bkbs) {
627 x -= bpb.bkbs;
628 if (!x && lseek(fd1, opt_ofs, SEEK_SET))
629 err(1, "%s", bname);
630 }
631 if (opt_B && x < bss) {
632 if ((n = read(fd1, img, bpb.bps)) == -1)
633 err(1, "%s", bname);
634 if ((unsigned)n != bpb.bps)
635 errx(1, "%s: can't read sector %u", bname, x);
636 } else
637 memset(img, 0, bpb.bps);
638 if (!lsn ||
639 (fat == 32 && bpb.bkbs != MAXU16 && lsn == bpb.bkbs)) {
640 x1 = sizeof(struct bs);
641 bsbpb = (struct bsbpb *)(img + x1);
642 mk2(bsbpb->bps, bpb.bps);
643 mk1(bsbpb->spc, bpb.spc);
644 mk2(bsbpb->res, bpb.res);
645 mk1(bsbpb->nft, bpb.nft);
646 mk2(bsbpb->rde, bpb.rde);
647 mk2(bsbpb->sec, bpb.sec);
648 mk1(bsbpb->mid, bpb.mid);
649 mk2(bsbpb->spf, bpb.spf);
650 mk2(bsbpb->spt, bpb.spt);
651 mk2(bsbpb->hds, bpb.hds);
652 mk4(bsbpb->hid, bpb.hid);
653 mk4(bsbpb->bsec, bpb.bsec);
654 x1 += sizeof(struct bsbpb);
655 if (fat == 32) {
656 bsxbpb = (struct bsxbpb *)(img + x1);
657 mk4(bsxbpb->bspf, bpb.bspf);
658 mk2(bsxbpb->xflg, 0);
659 mk2(bsxbpb->vers, 0);
660 mk4(bsxbpb->rdcl, bpb.rdcl);
661 mk2(bsxbpb->infs, bpb.infs);
662 mk2(bsxbpb->bkbs, bpb.bkbs);
663 x1 += sizeof(struct bsxbpb);
664 }
665 bsx = (struct bsx *)(img + x1);
666 mk1(bsx->sig, 0x29);
667 if (Iflag)
668 x = opt_I;
669 else
670 x = (((u_int)(1 + tm->tm_mon) << 8 |
671 (u_int)tm->tm_mday) +
672 ((u_int)tm->tm_sec << 8 |
673 (u_int)(tv.tv_usec / 10))) << 16 |
674 ((u_int)(1900 + tm->tm_year) +
675 ((u_int)tm->tm_hour << 8 |
676 (u_int)tm->tm_min));
677 mk4(bsx->volid, x);
678 mklabel(bsx->label, opt_L ? opt_L : "NO NAME");
679 sprintf(buf, "FAT%u", fat);
680 setstr(bsx->type, buf, sizeof(bsx->type));
681 if (!opt_B) {
682 x1 += sizeof(struct bsx);
683 bs = (struct bs *)img;
684 mk1(bs->jmp[0], 0xeb);
685 mk1(bs->jmp[1], x1 - 2);
686 mk1(bs->jmp[2], 0x90);
687 setstr(bs->oem, opt_O ? opt_O : "BSD 4.4",
688 sizeof(bs->oem));
689 memcpy(img + x1, bootcode, sizeof(bootcode));
690 mk2(img + MINBPS - 2, DOSMAGIC);
691 }
692 } else if (fat == 32 && bpb.infs != MAXU16 &&
693 (lsn == bpb.infs ||
694 (bpb.bkbs != MAXU16 &&
695 lsn == bpb.bkbs + bpb.infs))) {
696 mk4(img, 0x41615252);
697 mk4(img + MINBPS - 28, 0x61417272);
698 mk4(img + MINBPS - 24, 0xffffffff);
699 mk4(img + MINBPS - 20, bpb.rdcl);
700 mk2(img + MINBPS - 2, DOSMAGIC);
701 } else if (lsn >= bpb.res && lsn < dir &&
702 !((lsn - bpb.res) %
703 (bpb.spf ? bpb.spf : bpb.bspf))) {
704 mk1(img[0], bpb.mid);
705 for (x = 1; x < fat * (fat == 32 ? 3 : 2) / 8; x++)
706 mk1(img[x], fat == 32 && x % 4 == 3 ? 0x0f : 0xff);
707 } else if (lsn == dir && opt_L) {
708 de = (struct de *)img;
709 mklabel(de->namext, opt_L);
710 mk1(de->attr, 050);
711 x = (u_int)tm->tm_hour << 11 |
712 (u_int)tm->tm_min << 5 |
713 (u_int)tm->tm_sec >> 1;
714 mk2(de->time, x);
715 x = (u_int)(tm->tm_year - 80) << 9 |
716 (u_int)(tm->tm_mon + 1) << 5 |
717 (u_int)tm->tm_mday;
718 mk2(de->date, x);
719 }
720 if ((n = write(fd, img, bpb.bps)) == -1)
721 err(1, "%s", fname);
722 if ((unsigned)n != bpb.bps) {
723 errx(1, "%s: can't write sector %u", fname, lsn);
724 exit(1);
725 }
726 }
727 }
728 return 0;
729 }
730
731 /*
732 * Exit with error if file system is mounted.
733 */
734 static void
check_mounted(const char * fname,mode_t mode)735 check_mounted(const char *fname, mode_t mode)
736 {
737 struct statfs *mp;
738 const char *s1, *s2;
739 size_t len;
740 int n, r;
741
742 #ifdef ANDROID
743 warnx("Skipping mount checks");
744 #else
745 if (!(n = getmntinfo(&mp, MNT_NOWAIT)))
746 err(1, "getmntinfo");
747 len = strlen(_PATH_DEV);
748 s1 = fname;
749 if (!strncmp(s1, _PATH_DEV, len))
750 s1 += len;
751 r = S_ISCHR(mode) && s1 != fname && *s1 == 'r';
752 for (; n--; mp++) {
753 s2 = mp->f_mntfromname;
754 if (!strncmp(s2, _PATH_DEV, len))
755 s2 += len;
756 if ((r && s2 != mp->f_mntfromname && !strcmp(s1 + 1, s2)) ||
757 !strcmp(s1, s2))
758 errx(1, "%s is mounted on %s", fname, mp->f_mntonname);
759 }
760 #endif
761 }
762
763 /*
764 * Get a standard format.
765 */
766 static void
getstdfmt(const char * fmt,struct bpb * bpb)767 getstdfmt(const char *fmt, struct bpb *bpb)
768 {
769 u_int x, i;
770
771 x = sizeof(stdfmt) / sizeof(stdfmt[0]);
772 for (i = 0; i < x && strcmp(fmt, stdfmt[i].name); i++);
773 if (i == x)
774 errx(1, "%s: unknown standard format", fmt);
775 *bpb = stdfmt[i].bpb;
776 }
777
778 /*
779 * Get disk slice, partition, and geometry information.
780 */
781
782 #ifdef ANDROID
783 static void
getdiskinfo(int fd,const char * fname,const char * dtype,__unused int oflag,struct bpb * bpb)784 getdiskinfo(int fd, const char *fname, const char *dtype, __unused int oflag,
785 struct bpb *bpb)
786 {
787 struct hd_geometry geom;
788
789 if (ioctl(fd, BLKSSZGET, &bpb->bps)) {
790 fprintf(stderr, "Error getting bytes / sector (%s)\n", strerror(errno));
791 exit(1);
792 }
793
794 ckgeom(fname, bpb->bps, "bytes/sector");
795
796 if (ioctl(fd, BLKGETSIZE, &bpb->bsec)) {
797 fprintf(stderr, "Error getting blocksize (%s)\n", strerror(errno));
798 exit(1);
799 }
800
801 if (ioctl(fd, HDIO_GETGEO, &geom)) {
802 fprintf(stderr, "Error getting gemoetry (%s) - trying sane values\n", strerror(errno));
803 geom.heads = 64;
804 geom.sectors = 63;
805 }
806
807 if (!geom.heads) {
808 printf("Bogus heads from kernel - setting sane value\n");
809 geom.heads = 64;
810 }
811
812 if (!geom.sectors) {
813 printf("Bogus sectors from kernel - setting sane value\n");
814 geom.sectors = 63;
815 }
816
817 bpb->spt = geom.sectors;
818 ckgeom(fname, bpb->spt, "sectors/track");
819
820 bpb->hds = geom.heads;
821 ckgeom(fname, bpb->hds, "drive heads");
822 }
823
824 #else
825
826 static void
getdiskinfo(int fd,const char * fname,const char * dtype,__unused int oflag,struct bpb * bpb)827 getdiskinfo(int fd, const char *fname, const char *dtype, __unused int oflag,
828 struct bpb *bpb)
829 {
830 struct disklabel *lp, dlp;
831 struct fd_type type;
832 off_t ms, hs = 0;
833
834 lp = NULL;
835
836 /* If the user specified a disk type, try to use that */
837 if (dtype != NULL) {
838 lp = getdiskbyname(dtype);
839 }
840
841 /* Maybe it's a floppy drive */
842 if (lp == NULL) {
843 if (ioctl(fd, DIOCGMEDIASIZE, &ms) == -1) {
844 struct stat st;
845
846 if (fstat(fd, &st))
847 err(1, "Cannot get disk size");
848 /* create a fake geometry for a file image */
849 ms = st.st_size;
850 dlp.d_secsize = 512;
851 dlp.d_nsectors = 63;
852 dlp.d_ntracks = 255;
853 dlp.d_secperunit = ms / dlp.d_secsize;
854 lp = &dlp;
855 } else if (ioctl(fd, FD_GTYPE, &type) != -1) {
856 dlp.d_secsize = 128 << type.secsize;
857 dlp.d_nsectors = type.sectrac;
858 dlp.d_ntracks = type.heads;
859 dlp.d_secperunit = ms / dlp.d_secsize;
860 lp = &dlp;
861 }
862 }
863
864 /* Maybe it's a fixed drive */
865 if (lp == NULL) {
866 if (ioctl(fd, DIOCGDINFO, &dlp) == -1) {
867 if (bpb->bps == 0 && ioctl(fd, DIOCGSECTORSIZE, &dlp.d_secsize) == -1)
868 errx(1, "Cannot get sector size, %s", strerror(errno));
869
870 /* XXX Should we use bpb->bps if it's set? */
871 dlp.d_secperunit = ms / dlp.d_secsize;
872
873 if (bpb->spt == 0 && ioctl(fd, DIOCGFWSECTORS, &dlp.d_nsectors) == -1) {
874 warnx("Cannot get number of sectors per track, %s", strerror(errno));
875 dlp.d_nsectors = 63;
876 }
877 if (bpb->hds == 0 && ioctl(fd, DIOCGFWHEADS, &dlp.d_ntracks) == -1) {
878 warnx("Cannot get number of heads, %s", strerror(errno));
879 if (dlp.d_secperunit <= 63*1*1024)
880 dlp.d_ntracks = 1;
881 else if (dlp.d_secperunit <= 63*16*1024)
882 dlp.d_ntracks = 16;
883 else
884 dlp.d_ntracks = 255;
885 }
886 }
887
888 hs = (ms / dlp.d_secsize) - dlp.d_secperunit;
889 lp = &dlp;
890 }
891
892 if (bpb->bps == 0)
893 bpb->bps = ckgeom(fname, lp->d_secsize, "bytes/sector");
894 if (bpb->spt == 0)
895 bpb->spt = ckgeom(fname, lp->d_nsectors, "sectors/track");
896 if (bpb->hds == 0)
897 bpb->hds = ckgeom(fname, lp->d_ntracks, "drive heads");
898 if (bpb->bsec == 0)
899 bpb->bsec = lp->d_secperunit;
900 if (bpb->hid == 0)
901 bpb->hid = hs;
902 }
903 #endif
904
905 /*
906 * Print out BPB values.
907 */
908 static void
print_bpb(struct bpb * bpb)909 print_bpb(struct bpb *bpb)
910 {
911 printf("bps=%u spc=%u res=%u nft=%u", bpb->bps, bpb->spc, bpb->res,
912 bpb->nft);
913 if (bpb->rde)
914 printf(" rde=%u", bpb->rde);
915 if (bpb->sec)
916 printf(" sec=%u", bpb->sec);
917 printf(" mid=%#x", bpb->mid);
918 if (bpb->spf)
919 printf(" spf=%u", bpb->spf);
920 printf(" spt=%u hds=%u hid=%u", bpb->spt, bpb->hds, bpb->hid);
921 if (bpb->bsec)
922 printf(" bsec=%u", bpb->bsec);
923 if (!bpb->spf) {
924 printf(" bspf=%u rdcl=%u", bpb->bspf, bpb->rdcl);
925 printf(" infs=");
926 printf(bpb->infs == MAXU16 ? "%#x" : "%u", bpb->infs);
927 printf(" bkbs=");
928 printf(bpb->bkbs == MAXU16 ? "%#x" : "%u", bpb->bkbs);
929 }
930 printf("\n");
931 }
932
933 /*
934 * Check a disk geometry value.
935 */
936 static u_int
ckgeom(const char * fname,u_int val,const char * msg)937 ckgeom(const char *fname, u_int val, const char *msg)
938 {
939 if (!val)
940 errx(1, "%s: no default %s", fname, msg);
941 if (val > MAXU16)
942 errx(1, "%s: illegal %s %d", fname, msg, val);
943 return val;
944 }
945
946 /*
947 * Convert and check a numeric option argument.
948 */
949 static u_int
argtou(const char * arg,u_int lo,u_int hi,const char * msg)950 argtou(const char *arg, u_int lo, u_int hi, const char *msg)
951 {
952 char *s;
953 u_long x;
954
955 errno = 0;
956 x = strtoul(arg, &s, 0);
957 if (errno || !*arg || *s || x < lo || x > hi)
958 errx(1, "%s: bad %s", arg, msg);
959 return x;
960 }
961
962 /*
963 * Same for off_t, with optional skmgpP suffix
964 */
965 static off_t
argtooff(const char * arg,const char * msg)966 argtooff(const char *arg, const char *msg)
967 {
968 char *s;
969 off_t x;
970
971 x = strtoll(arg, &s, 0);
972 /* allow at most one extra char */
973 if (errno || x < 0 || (s[0] && s[1]) )
974 errx(1, "%s: bad %s", arg, msg);
975 if (*s) { /* the extra char is the multiplier */
976 switch (*s) {
977 default:
978 errx(1, "%s: bad %s", arg, msg);
979 /* notreached */
980
981 case 's': /* sector */
982 case 'S':
983 x <<= 9; /* times 512 */
984 break;
985
986 case 'k': /* kilobyte */
987 case 'K':
988 x <<= 10; /* times 1024 */
989 break;
990
991 case 'm': /* megabyte */
992 case 'M':
993 x <<= 20; /* times 1024*1024 */
994 break;
995
996 case 'g': /* gigabyte */
997 case 'G':
998 x <<= 30; /* times 1024*1024*1024 */
999 break;
1000
1001 case 'p': /* partition start */
1002 case 'P': /* partition start */
1003 case 'l': /* partition length */
1004 case 'L': /* partition length */
1005 errx(1, "%s: not supported yet %s", arg, msg);
1006 /* notreached */
1007 }
1008 }
1009 return x;
1010 }
1011
1012 /*
1013 * Check a volume label.
1014 */
1015 static int
oklabel(const char * src)1016 oklabel(const char *src)
1017 {
1018 int c, i;
1019
1020 for (i = 0; i <= 11; i++) {
1021 c = (u_char)*src++;
1022 if (c < ' ' + !i || strchr("\"*+,./:;<=>?[\\]|", c))
1023 break;
1024 }
1025 return i && !c;
1026 }
1027
1028 /*
1029 * Make a volume label.
1030 */
1031 static void
mklabel(u_int8_t * dest,const char * src)1032 mklabel(u_int8_t *dest, const char *src)
1033 {
1034 int c, i;
1035
1036 for (i = 0; i < 11; i++) {
1037 c = *src ? toupper(*src++) : ' ';
1038 *dest++ = !i && c == '\xe5' ? 5 : c;
1039 }
1040 }
1041
1042 /*
1043 * Copy string, padding with spaces.
1044 */
1045 static void
setstr(u_int8_t * dest,const char * src,size_t len)1046 setstr(u_int8_t *dest, const char *src, size_t len)
1047 {
1048 while (len--)
1049 *dest++ = *src ? *src++ : ' ';
1050 }
1051
1052 /*
1053 * Print usage message.
1054 */
1055 static void
usage(void)1056 usage(void)
1057 {
1058 fprintf(stderr,
1059 "usage: newfs_msdos [ -options ] special [disktype]\n"
1060 "where the options are:\n"
1061 "\t-@ create file system at specified offset\n"
1062 "\t-B get bootstrap from file\n"
1063 "\t-C create image file with specified size\n"
1064 "\t-F FAT type (12, 16, or 32)\n"
1065 "\t-I volume ID\n"
1066 "\t-L volume label\n"
1067 "\t-N don't create file system: just print out parameters\n"
1068 "\t-O OEM string\n"
1069 "\t-S bytes/sector\n"
1070 "\t-a sectors/FAT\n"
1071 "\t-b block size\n"
1072 "\t-c sectors/cluster\n"
1073 "\t-e root directory entries\n"
1074 "\t-f standard format\n"
1075 "\t-h drive heads\n"
1076 "\t-i file system info sector\n"
1077 "\t-k backup boot sector\n"
1078 "\t-m media descriptor\n"
1079 "\t-n number of FATs\n"
1080 "\t-o hidden sectors\n"
1081 "\t-r reserved sectors\n"
1082 "\t-s file system size (sectors)\n"
1083 "\t-u sectors/track\n");
1084 exit(1);
1085 }
1086