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1 /*
2  * Copyright (c) 1998 Robert Nordier
3  * All rights reserved.
4  *
5  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
6  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
7  * are met:
8  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
9  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
10  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
11  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in
12  *    the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
13  *    distribution.
14  *
15  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR(S) ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS
16  * OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
17  * WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
18  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR(S) BE LIABLE FOR ANY
19  * DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
20  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE
21  * GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
22  * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER
23  * IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR
24  * OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN
25  * IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
26  */
27 
28 #ifndef lint
29 static const char rcsid[] =
30   "$FreeBSD: src/sbin/newfs_msdos/newfs_msdos.c,v 1.33 2009/04/11 14:56:29 ed Exp $";
31 #endif /* not lint */
32 
33 #include <sys/param.h>
34 
35 #ifndef ANDROID
36   #include <sys/fdcio.h>
37   #include <sys/disk.h>
38   #include <sys/disklabel.h>
39   #include <sys/mount.h>
40 #else
41   #include <stdarg.h>
42   #include <linux/fs.h>
43   #include <linux/hdreg.h>
44 #endif
45 
46 #include <sys/stat.h>
47 #include <sys/time.h>
48 
49 #include <ctype.h>
50 #include <err.h>
51 #include <errno.h>
52 #include <fcntl.h>
53 #include <inttypes.h>
54 #include <paths.h>
55 #include <stdio.h>
56 #include <stdlib.h>
57 #include <string.h>
58 #include <time.h>
59 #include <unistd.h>
60 
61 #define MAXU16	  0xffff	/* maximum unsigned 16-bit quantity */
62 #define BPN	  4		/* bits per nibble */
63 #define NPB	  2		/* nibbles per byte */
64 
65 #define DOSMAGIC  0xaa55	/* DOS magic number */
66 #define MINBPS	  512		/* minimum bytes per sector */
67 #define MAXSPC	  128		/* maximum sectors per cluster */
68 #define MAXNFT	  16		/* maximum number of FATs */
69 #define DEFBLK	  4096		/* default block size */
70 #define DEFBLK16  2048		/* default block size FAT16 */
71 #define DEFRDE	  512		/* default root directory entries */
72 #define RESFTE	  2		/* reserved FAT entries */
73 #define MINCLS12  1		/* minimum FAT12 clusters */
74 #define MINCLS16  0x1000	/* minimum FAT16 clusters */
75 #define MINCLS32  2		/* minimum FAT32 clusters */
76 #define MAXCLS12  0xfed 	/* maximum FAT12 clusters */
77 #define MAXCLS16  0xfff5	/* maximum FAT16 clusters */
78 #define MAXCLS32  0xffffff5	/* maximum FAT32 clusters */
79 
80 #define mincls(fat)  ((fat) == 12 ? MINCLS12 :	\
81 		      (fat) == 16 ? MINCLS16 :	\
82 				    MINCLS32)
83 
84 #define maxcls(fat)  ((fat) == 12 ? MAXCLS12 :	\
85 		      (fat) == 16 ? MAXCLS16 :	\
86 				    MAXCLS32)
87 
88 #define mk1(p, x)				\
89     (p) = (u_int8_t)(x)
90 
91 #define mk2(p, x)				\
92     (p)[0] = (u_int8_t)(x),			\
93     (p)[1] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 010)
94 
95 #define mk4(p, x)				\
96     (p)[0] = (u_int8_t)(x),			\
97     (p)[1] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 010),		\
98     (p)[2] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 020),		\
99     (p)[3] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 030)
100 
101 #define argto1(arg, lo, msg)  argtou(arg, lo, 0xff, msg)
102 #define argto2(arg, lo, msg)  argtou(arg, lo, 0xffff, msg)
103 #define argto4(arg, lo, msg)  argtou(arg, lo, 0xffffffff, msg)
104 #define argtox(arg, lo, msg)  argtou(arg, lo, UINT_MAX, msg)
105 
106 struct bs {
107     u_int8_t jmp[3];		/* bootstrap entry point */
108     u_int8_t oem[8];		/* OEM name and version */
109 };
110 
111 struct bsbpb {
112     u_int8_t bps[2];		/* bytes per sector */
113     u_int8_t spc;		/* sectors per cluster */
114     u_int8_t res[2];		/* reserved sectors */
115     u_int8_t nft;		/* number of FATs */
116     u_int8_t rde[2];		/* root directory entries */
117     u_int8_t sec[2];		/* total sectors */
118     u_int8_t mid;		/* media descriptor */
119     u_int8_t spf[2];		/* sectors per FAT */
120     u_int8_t spt[2];		/* sectors per track */
121     u_int8_t hds[2];		/* drive heads */
122     u_int8_t hid[4];		/* hidden sectors */
123     u_int8_t bsec[4];		/* big total sectors */
124 };
125 
126 struct bsxbpb {
127     u_int8_t bspf[4];		/* big sectors per FAT */
128     u_int8_t xflg[2];		/* FAT control flags */
129     u_int8_t vers[2];		/* file system version */
130     u_int8_t rdcl[4];		/* root directory start cluster */
131     u_int8_t infs[2];		/* file system info sector */
132     u_int8_t bkbs[2];		/* backup boot sector */
133     u_int8_t rsvd[12];		/* reserved */
134 };
135 
136 struct bsx {
137     u_int8_t drv;		/* drive number */
138     u_int8_t rsvd;		/* reserved */
139     u_int8_t sig;		/* extended boot signature */
140     u_int8_t volid[4];		/* volume ID number */
141     u_int8_t label[11]; 	/* volume label */
142     u_int8_t type[8];		/* file system type */
143 };
144 
145 struct de {
146     u_int8_t namext[11];	/* name and extension */
147     u_int8_t attr;		/* attributes */
148     u_int8_t rsvd[10];		/* reserved */
149     u_int8_t time[2];		/* creation time */
150     u_int8_t date[2];		/* creation date */
151     u_int8_t clus[2];		/* starting cluster */
152     u_int8_t size[4];		/* size */
153 };
154 
155 struct bpb {
156     u_int bps;			/* bytes per sector */
157     u_int spc;			/* sectors per cluster */
158     u_int res;			/* reserved sectors */
159     u_int nft;			/* number of FATs */
160     u_int rde;			/* root directory entries */
161     u_int sec;			/* total sectors */
162     u_int mid;			/* media descriptor */
163     u_int spf;			/* sectors per FAT */
164     u_int spt;			/* sectors per track */
165     u_int hds;			/* drive heads */
166     u_int hid;			/* hidden sectors */
167     u_int bsec; 		/* big total sectors */
168     u_int bspf; 		/* big sectors per FAT */
169     u_int rdcl; 		/* root directory start cluster */
170     u_int infs; 		/* file system info sector */
171     u_int bkbs; 		/* backup boot sector */
172 };
173 
174 #define BPBGAP 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0
175 
176 static struct {
177     const char *name;
178     struct bpb bpb;
179 } const stdfmt[] = {
180     {"160",  {512, 1, 1, 2,  64,  320, 0xfe, 1,  8, 1, BPBGAP}},
181     {"180",  {512, 1, 1, 2,  64,  360, 0xfc, 2,  9, 1, BPBGAP}},
182     {"320",  {512, 2, 1, 2, 112,  640, 0xff, 1,  8, 2, BPBGAP}},
183     {"360",  {512, 2, 1, 2, 112,  720, 0xfd, 2,  9, 2, BPBGAP}},
184     {"640",  {512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 1280, 0xfb, 2,  8, 2, BPBGAP}},
185     {"720",  {512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 1440, 0xf9, 3,  9, 2, BPBGAP}},
186     {"1200", {512, 1, 1, 2, 224, 2400, 0xf9, 7, 15, 2, BPBGAP}},
187     {"1232", {1024,1, 1, 2, 192, 1232, 0xfe, 2,  8, 2, BPBGAP}},
188     {"1440", {512, 1, 1, 2, 224, 2880, 0xf0, 9, 18, 2, BPBGAP}},
189     {"2880", {512, 2, 1, 2, 240, 5760, 0xf0, 9, 36, 2, BPBGAP}}
190 };
191 
192 static const u_int8_t bootcode[] = {
193     0xfa,			/* cli		    */
194     0x31, 0xc0, 		/* xor	   ax,ax    */
195     0x8e, 0xd0, 		/* mov	   ss,ax    */
196     0xbc, 0x00, 0x7c,		/* mov	   sp,7c00h */
197     0xfb,			/* sti		    */
198     0x8e, 0xd8, 		/* mov	   ds,ax    */
199     0xe8, 0x00, 0x00,		/* call    $ + 3    */
200     0x5e,			/* pop	   si	    */
201     0x83, 0xc6, 0x19,		/* add	   si,+19h  */
202     0xbb, 0x07, 0x00,		/* mov	   bx,0007h */
203     0xfc,			/* cld		    */
204     0xac,			/* lodsb	    */
205     0x84, 0xc0, 		/* test    al,al    */
206     0x74, 0x06, 		/* jz	   $ + 8    */
207     0xb4, 0x0e, 		/* mov	   ah,0eh   */
208     0xcd, 0x10, 		/* int	   10h	    */
209     0xeb, 0xf5, 		/* jmp	   $ - 9    */
210     0x30, 0xe4, 		/* xor	   ah,ah    */
211     0xcd, 0x16, 		/* int	   16h	    */
212     0xcd, 0x19, 		/* int	   19h	    */
213     0x0d, 0x0a,
214     'N', 'o', 'n', '-', 's', 'y', 's', 't',
215     'e', 'm', ' ', 'd', 'i', 's', 'k',
216     0x0d, 0x0a,
217     'P', 'r', 'e', 's', 's', ' ', 'a', 'n',
218     'y', ' ', 'k', 'e', 'y', ' ', 't', 'o',
219     ' ', 'r', 'e', 'b', 'o', 'o', 't',
220     0x0d, 0x0a,
221     0
222 };
223 
224 static void check_mounted(const char *, mode_t);
225 static void getstdfmt(const char *, struct bpb *);
226 static void getdiskinfo(int, const char *, const char *, int,
227 			struct bpb *);
228 static void print_bpb(struct bpb *);
229 static u_int ckgeom(const char *, u_int, const char *);
230 static u_int argtou(const char *, u_int, u_int, const char *);
231 static off_t argtooff(const char *, const char *);
232 static int oklabel(const char *);
233 static void mklabel(u_int8_t *, const char *);
234 static void setstr(u_int8_t *, const char *, size_t);
235 static void usage(void);
236 
237 #ifdef ANDROID
238 #define powerof2(x)     ((((x) - 1) & (x)) == 0)
239 #define howmany(x, y)   (((x) + ((y) - 1)) / (y))
240 #define MAX(x,y) ((x) > (y) ? (x) : (y))
241 #define MIN(a, b) ((a) < (b) ? (a) : (b))
242 
243 #endif
244 /*
245  * Construct a FAT12, FAT16, or FAT32 file system.
246  */
247 int
newfs_msdos_main(int argc,char * argv[])248 newfs_msdos_main(int argc, char *argv[])
249 {
250     static const char opts[] = "@:NB:C:F:I:L:O:S:a:b:c:e:f:h:i:k:m:n:o:r:s:u:";
251     const char *opt_B = NULL, *opt_L = NULL, *opt_O = NULL, *opt_f = NULL;
252     u_int opt_F = 0, opt_I = 0, opt_S = 0, opt_a = 0, opt_b = 0, opt_c = 0;
253     u_int opt_e = 0, opt_h = 0, opt_i = 0, opt_k = 0, opt_m = 0, opt_n = 0;
254     u_int opt_o = 0, opt_r = 0, opt_s = 0, opt_u = 0;
255     int opt_N = 0;
256     int Iflag = 0, mflag = 0, oflag = 0;
257     char buf[MAXPATHLEN];
258     struct stat sb;
259     struct timeval tv;
260     struct bpb bpb;
261     struct tm *tm;
262     struct bs *bs;
263     struct bsbpb *bsbpb;
264     struct bsxbpb *bsxbpb;
265     struct bsx *bsx;
266     struct de *de;
267     u_int8_t *img;
268     const char *fname, *dtype, *bname;
269     ssize_t n;
270     time_t now;
271     u_int fat, bss, rds, cls, dir, lsn, x, x1, x2;
272     int ch, fd, fd1;
273     off_t opt_create = 0, opt_ofs = 0;
274 
275     while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, opts)) != -1)
276 	switch (ch) {
277 	case '@':
278 	    opt_ofs = argtooff(optarg, "offset");
279 	    break;
280 	case 'N':
281 	    opt_N = 1;
282 	    break;
283 	case 'B':
284 	    opt_B = optarg;
285 	    break;
286 	case 'C':
287 	    opt_create = argtooff(optarg, "create size");
288 	    break;
289 	case 'F':
290 	    if (strcmp(optarg, "12") &&
291 		strcmp(optarg, "16") &&
292 		strcmp(optarg, "32"))
293 		errx(1, "%s: bad FAT type", optarg);
294 	    opt_F = atoi(optarg);
295 	    break;
296 	case 'I':
297 	    opt_I = argto4(optarg, 0, "volume ID");
298 	    Iflag = 1;
299 	    break;
300 	case 'L':
301 	    if (!oklabel(optarg))
302 		errx(1, "%s: bad volume label", optarg);
303 	    opt_L = optarg;
304 	    break;
305 	case 'O':
306 	    if (strlen(optarg) > 8)
307 		errx(1, "%s: bad OEM string", optarg);
308 	    opt_O = optarg;
309 	    break;
310 	case 'S':
311 	    opt_S = argto2(optarg, 1, "bytes/sector");
312 	    break;
313 	case 'a':
314 	    opt_a = argto4(optarg, 1, "sectors/FAT");
315 	    break;
316 	case 'b':
317 	    opt_b = argtox(optarg, 1, "block size");
318 	    opt_c = 0;
319 	    break;
320 	case 'c':
321 	    opt_c = argto1(optarg, 1, "sectors/cluster");
322 	    opt_b = 0;
323 	    break;
324 	case 'e':
325 	    opt_e = argto2(optarg, 1, "directory entries");
326 	    break;
327 	case 'f':
328 	    opt_f = optarg;
329 	    break;
330 	case 'h':
331 	    opt_h = argto2(optarg, 1, "drive heads");
332 	    break;
333 	case 'i':
334 	    opt_i = argto2(optarg, 1, "info sector");
335 	    break;
336 	case 'k':
337 	    opt_k = argto2(optarg, 1, "backup sector");
338 	    break;
339 	case 'm':
340 	    opt_m = argto1(optarg, 0, "media descriptor");
341 	    mflag = 1;
342 	    break;
343 	case 'n':
344 	    opt_n = argto1(optarg, 1, "number of FATs");
345 	    break;
346 	case 'o':
347 	    opt_o = argto4(optarg, 0, "hidden sectors");
348 	    oflag = 1;
349 	    break;
350 	case 'r':
351 	    opt_r = argto2(optarg, 1, "reserved sectors");
352 	    break;
353 	case 's':
354 	    opt_s = argto4(optarg, 1, "file system size");
355 	    break;
356 	case 'u':
357 	    opt_u = argto2(optarg, 1, "sectors/track");
358 	    break;
359 	default:
360 	    usage();
361 	}
362     argc -= optind;
363     argv += optind;
364     if (argc < 1 || argc > 2)
365 	usage();
366     fname = *argv++;
367     if (!opt_create && !strchr(fname, '/')) {
368 	snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s%s", _PATH_DEV, fname);
369 	if (!(fname = strdup(buf)))
370 	    err(1, NULL);
371     }
372     dtype = *argv;
373     if (opt_create) {
374 	if (opt_N)
375 	    errx(1, "create (-C) is incompatible with -N");
376 	fd = open(fname, O_RDWR | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, 0644);
377 	if (fd == -1)
378 	    errx(1, "failed to create %s", fname);
379 	if (ftruncate(fd, opt_create))
380 	    errx(1, "failed to initialize %jd bytes", (intmax_t)opt_create);
381     } else if ((fd = open(fname, opt_N ? O_RDONLY : O_RDWR)) == -1)
382 	err(1, "%s", fname);
383     if (fstat(fd, &sb))
384 	err(1, "%s", fname);
385     if (opt_create) {
386 	if (!S_ISREG(sb.st_mode))
387 	    warnx("warning, %s is not a regular file", fname);
388     } else {
389 	if (!S_ISCHR(sb.st_mode))
390 	    warnx("warning, %s is not a character device", fname);
391     }
392     if (!opt_N)
393 	check_mounted(fname, sb.st_mode);
394     if (opt_ofs && opt_ofs != lseek(fd, opt_ofs, SEEK_SET))
395 	errx(1, "cannot seek to %jd", (intmax_t)opt_ofs);
396     memset(&bpb, 0, sizeof(bpb));
397     if (opt_f) {
398 	getstdfmt(opt_f, &bpb);
399 	bpb.bsec = bpb.sec;
400 	bpb.sec = 0;
401 	bpb.bspf = bpb.spf;
402 	bpb.spf = 0;
403     }
404     if (opt_h)
405 	bpb.hds = opt_h;
406     if (opt_u)
407 	bpb.spt = opt_u;
408     if (opt_S)
409 	bpb.bps = opt_S;
410     if (opt_s)
411 	bpb.bsec = opt_s;
412     if (oflag)
413 	bpb.hid = opt_o;
414     if (!(opt_f || (opt_h && opt_u && opt_S && opt_s && oflag))) {
415 	off_t delta;
416 	getdiskinfo(fd, fname, dtype, oflag, &bpb);
417         if (opt_s) {
418             bpb.bsec = opt_s;
419         }
420 	bpb.bsec -= (opt_ofs / bpb.bps);
421 	delta = bpb.bsec % bpb.spt;
422 	if (delta != 0) {
423 	    warnx("trim %d sectors from %d to adjust to a multiple of %d",
424 		(int)delta, bpb.bsec, bpb.spt);
425 	    bpb.bsec -= delta;
426 	}
427 	if (bpb.spc == 0) {	/* set defaults */
428 	    if (bpb.bsec <= 6000)	/* about 3MB -> 512 bytes */
429 		bpb.spc = 1;
430 	    else if (bpb.bsec <= (1<<17)) /* 64M -> 4k */
431 		bpb.spc = 8;
432 	    else if (bpb.bsec <= (1<<19)) /* 256M -> 8k */
433 		bpb.spc = 16;
434 	    else if (bpb.bsec <= (1<<22)) /* 2G -> 16k, some versions of windows
435 					     require a minimum of 65527 clusters */
436 		bpb.spc = 32;
437 	    else
438 		bpb.spc = 64;		/* otherwise 32k */
439 	}
440     }
441     if (!powerof2(bpb.bps))
442 	errx(1, "bytes/sector (%u) is not a power of 2", bpb.bps);
443     if (bpb.bps < MINBPS)
444 	errx(1, "bytes/sector (%u) is too small; minimum is %u",
445 	     bpb.bps, MINBPS);
446     if (!(fat = opt_F)) {
447 	if (opt_f)
448 	    fat = 12;
449 	else if (!opt_e && (opt_i || opt_k))
450 	    fat = 32;
451     }
452     if ((fat == 32 && opt_e) || (fat != 32 && (opt_i || opt_k)))
453 	errx(1, "-%c is not a legal FAT%s option",
454 	     fat == 32 ? 'e' : opt_i ? 'i' : 'k',
455 	     fat == 32 ? "32" : "12/16");
456     if (opt_f && fat == 32)
457 	bpb.rde = 0;
458     if (opt_b) {
459 	if (!powerof2(opt_b))
460 	    errx(1, "block size (%u) is not a power of 2", opt_b);
461 	if (opt_b < bpb.bps)
462 	    errx(1, "block size (%u) is too small; minimum is %u",
463 		 opt_b, bpb.bps);
464 	if (opt_b > bpb.bps * MAXSPC)
465 	    errx(1, "block size (%u) is too large; maximum is %u",
466 		 opt_b, bpb.bps * MAXSPC);
467 	bpb.spc = opt_b / bpb.bps;
468     }
469     if (opt_c) {
470 	if (!powerof2(opt_c))
471 	    errx(1, "sectors/cluster (%u) is not a power of 2", opt_c);
472 	bpb.spc = opt_c;
473     }
474     if (opt_r)
475 	bpb.res = opt_r;
476     if (opt_n) {
477 	if (opt_n > MAXNFT)
478 	    errx(1, "number of FATs (%u) is too large; maximum is %u",
479 		 opt_n, MAXNFT);
480 	bpb.nft = opt_n;
481     }
482     if (opt_e)
483 	bpb.rde = opt_e;
484     if (mflag) {
485 	if (opt_m < 0xf0)
486 	    errx(1, "illegal media descriptor (%#x)", opt_m);
487 	bpb.mid = opt_m;
488     }
489     if (opt_a)
490 	bpb.bspf = opt_a;
491     if (opt_i)
492 	bpb.infs = opt_i;
493     if (opt_k)
494 	bpb.bkbs = opt_k;
495     bss = 1;
496     bname = NULL;
497     fd1 = -1;
498     if (opt_B) {
499 	bname = opt_B;
500 	if (!strchr(bname, '/')) {
501 	    snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "/boot/%s", bname);
502 	    if (!(bname = strdup(buf)))
503 		err(1, NULL);
504 	}
505 	if ((fd1 = open(bname, O_RDONLY)) == -1 || fstat(fd1, &sb))
506 	    err(1, "%s", bname);
507 	if (!S_ISREG(sb.st_mode) || sb.st_size % bpb.bps ||
508 	    sb.st_size < bpb.bps || sb.st_size > bpb.bps * MAXU16)
509 	    errx(1, "%s: inappropriate file type or format", bname);
510 	bss = sb.st_size / bpb.bps;
511     }
512     if (!bpb.nft)
513 	bpb.nft = 2;
514     if (!fat) {
515 	if (bpb.bsec < (bpb.res ? bpb.res : bss) +
516 	    howmany((RESFTE + (bpb.spc ? MINCLS16 : MAXCLS12 + 1)) *
517 		    ((bpb.spc ? 16 : 12) / BPN), bpb.bps * NPB) *
518 	    bpb.nft +
519 	    howmany(bpb.rde ? bpb.rde : DEFRDE,
520 		    bpb.bps / sizeof(struct de)) +
521 	    (bpb.spc ? MINCLS16 : MAXCLS12 + 1) *
522 	    (bpb.spc ? bpb.spc : howmany(DEFBLK, bpb.bps)))
523 	    fat = 12;
524 	else if (bpb.rde || bpb.bsec <
525 		 (bpb.res ? bpb.res : bss) +
526 		 howmany((RESFTE + MAXCLS16) * 2, bpb.bps) * bpb.nft +
527 		 howmany(DEFRDE, bpb.bps / sizeof(struct de)) +
528 		 (MAXCLS16 + 1) *
529 		 (bpb.spc ? bpb.spc : howmany(8192, bpb.bps)))
530 	    fat = 16;
531 	else
532 	    fat = 32;
533     }
534     x = bss;
535     if (fat == 32) {
536 	if (!bpb.infs) {
537 	    if (x == MAXU16 || x == bpb.bkbs)
538 		errx(1, "no room for info sector");
539 	    bpb.infs = x;
540 	}
541 	if (bpb.infs != MAXU16 && x <= bpb.infs)
542 	    x = bpb.infs + 1;
543 	if (!bpb.bkbs) {
544 	    if (x == MAXU16)
545 		errx(1, "no room for backup sector");
546 	    bpb.bkbs = x;
547 	} else if (bpb.bkbs != MAXU16 && bpb.bkbs == bpb.infs)
548 	    errx(1, "backup sector would overwrite info sector");
549 	if (bpb.bkbs != MAXU16 && x <= bpb.bkbs)
550 	    x = bpb.bkbs + 1;
551     }
552     if (!bpb.res)
553 	bpb.res = fat == 32 ? MAX(x, MAX(16384 / bpb.bps, 4)) : x;
554     else if (bpb.res < x)
555 	errx(1, "too few reserved sectors");
556     if (fat != 32 && !bpb.rde)
557 	bpb.rde = DEFRDE;
558     rds = howmany(bpb.rde, bpb.bps / sizeof(struct de));
559     if (!bpb.spc)
560 	for (bpb.spc = howmany(fat == 16 ? DEFBLK16 : DEFBLK, bpb.bps);
561 	     bpb.spc < MAXSPC &&
562 	     bpb.res +
563 	     howmany((RESFTE + maxcls(fat)) * (fat / BPN),
564 		     bpb.bps * NPB) * bpb.nft +
565 	     rds +
566 	     (u_int64_t)(maxcls(fat) + 1) * bpb.spc <= bpb.bsec;
567 	     bpb.spc <<= 1);
568     if (fat != 32 && bpb.bspf > MAXU16)
569 	errx(1, "too many sectors/FAT for FAT12/16");
570     x1 = bpb.res + rds;
571     x = bpb.bspf ? bpb.bspf : 1;
572     if (x1 + (u_int64_t)x * bpb.nft > bpb.bsec)
573 	errx(1, "meta data exceeds file system size");
574     x1 += x * bpb.nft;
575     x = (u_int64_t)(bpb.bsec - x1) * bpb.bps * NPB /
576 	(bpb.spc * bpb.bps * NPB + fat / BPN * bpb.nft);
577     x2 = howmany((RESFTE + MIN(x, maxcls(fat))) * (fat / BPN),
578 		 bpb.bps * NPB);
579     if (!bpb.bspf) {
580 	bpb.bspf = x2;
581 	x1 += (bpb.bspf - 1) * bpb.nft;
582     }
583     cls = (bpb.bsec - x1) / bpb.spc;
584     x = (u_int64_t)bpb.bspf * bpb.bps * NPB / (fat / BPN) - RESFTE;
585     if (cls > x)
586 	cls = x;
587     if (bpb.bspf < x2)
588 	warnx("warning: sectors/FAT limits file system to %u clusters",
589 	      cls);
590     if (cls < mincls(fat))
591 	errx(1, "%u clusters too few clusters for FAT%u, need %u", cls, fat,
592 	    mincls(fat));
593     if (cls > maxcls(fat)) {
594 	cls = maxcls(fat);
595 	bpb.bsec = x1 + (cls + 1) * bpb.spc - 1;
596 	warnx("warning: FAT type limits file system to %u sectors",
597 	      bpb.bsec);
598     }
599     printf("%s: %u sector%s in %u FAT%u cluster%s "
600 	   "(%u bytes/cluster)\n", fname, cls * bpb.spc,
601 	   cls * bpb.spc == 1 ? "" : "s", cls, fat,
602 	   cls == 1 ? "" : "s", bpb.bps * bpb.spc);
603     if (!bpb.mid)
604 	bpb.mid = !bpb.hid ? 0xf0 : 0xf8;
605     if (fat == 32)
606 	bpb.rdcl = RESFTE;
607     if (bpb.hid + bpb.bsec <= MAXU16) {
608 	bpb.sec = bpb.bsec;
609 	bpb.bsec = 0;
610     }
611     if (fat != 32) {
612 	bpb.spf = bpb.bspf;
613 	bpb.bspf = 0;
614     }
615     print_bpb(&bpb);
616     if (!opt_N) {
617 	gettimeofday(&tv, NULL);
618 	now = tv.tv_sec;
619 	tm = localtime(&now);
620 	if (!(img = malloc(bpb.bps)))
621 	    err(1, NULL);
622 	dir = bpb.res + (bpb.spf ? bpb.spf : bpb.bspf) * bpb.nft;
623 	for (lsn = 0; lsn < dir + (fat == 32 ? bpb.spc : rds); lsn++) {
624 	    x = lsn;
625 	    if (opt_B &&
626 		fat == 32 && bpb.bkbs != MAXU16 &&
627 		bss <= bpb.bkbs && x >= bpb.bkbs) {
628 		x -= bpb.bkbs;
629 		if (!x && lseek(fd1, opt_ofs, SEEK_SET))
630 		    err(1, "%s", bname);
631 	    }
632 	    if (opt_B && x < bss) {
633 		if ((n = read(fd1, img, bpb.bps)) == -1)
634 		    err(1, "%s", bname);
635 		if ((unsigned)n != bpb.bps)
636 		    errx(1, "%s: can't read sector %u", bname, x);
637 	    } else
638 		memset(img, 0, bpb.bps);
639 	    if (!lsn ||
640 	      (fat == 32 && bpb.bkbs != MAXU16 && lsn == bpb.bkbs)) {
641 		x1 = sizeof(struct bs);
642 		bsbpb = (struct bsbpb *)(img + x1);
643 		mk2(bsbpb->bps, bpb.bps);
644 		mk1(bsbpb->spc, bpb.spc);
645 		mk2(bsbpb->res, bpb.res);
646 		mk1(bsbpb->nft, bpb.nft);
647 		mk2(bsbpb->rde, bpb.rde);
648 		mk2(bsbpb->sec, bpb.sec);
649 		mk1(bsbpb->mid, bpb.mid);
650 		mk2(bsbpb->spf, bpb.spf);
651 		mk2(bsbpb->spt, bpb.spt);
652 		mk2(bsbpb->hds, bpb.hds);
653 		mk4(bsbpb->hid, bpb.hid);
654 		mk4(bsbpb->bsec, bpb.bsec);
655 		x1 += sizeof(struct bsbpb);
656 		if (fat == 32) {
657 		    bsxbpb = (struct bsxbpb *)(img + x1);
658 		    mk4(bsxbpb->bspf, bpb.bspf);
659 		    mk2(bsxbpb->xflg, 0);
660 		    mk2(bsxbpb->vers, 0);
661 		    mk4(bsxbpb->rdcl, bpb.rdcl);
662 		    mk2(bsxbpb->infs, bpb.infs);
663 		    mk2(bsxbpb->bkbs, bpb.bkbs);
664 		    x1 += sizeof(struct bsxbpb);
665 		}
666 		bsx = (struct bsx *)(img + x1);
667 		mk1(bsx->sig, 0x29);
668 		if (Iflag)
669 		    x = opt_I;
670 		else
671 		    x = (((u_int)(1 + tm->tm_mon) << 8 |
672 			  (u_int)tm->tm_mday) +
673 			 ((u_int)tm->tm_sec << 8 |
674 			  (u_int)(tv.tv_usec / 10))) << 16 |
675 			((u_int)(1900 + tm->tm_year) +
676 			 ((u_int)tm->tm_hour << 8 |
677 			  (u_int)tm->tm_min));
678 		mk4(bsx->volid, x);
679 		mklabel(bsx->label, opt_L ? opt_L : "NO NAME");
680 		sprintf(buf, "FAT%u", fat);
681 		setstr(bsx->type, buf, sizeof(bsx->type));
682 		if (!opt_B) {
683 		    x1 += sizeof(struct bsx);
684 		    bs = (struct bs *)img;
685 		    mk1(bs->jmp[0], 0xeb);
686 		    mk1(bs->jmp[1], x1 - 2);
687 		    mk1(bs->jmp[2], 0x90);
688 		    setstr(bs->oem, opt_O ? opt_O : "BSD  4.4",
689 			   sizeof(bs->oem));
690 		    memcpy(img + x1, bootcode, sizeof(bootcode));
691 		    mk2(img + MINBPS - 2, DOSMAGIC);
692 		}
693 	    } else if (fat == 32 && bpb.infs != MAXU16 &&
694 		       (lsn == bpb.infs ||
695 			(bpb.bkbs != MAXU16 &&
696 			 lsn == bpb.bkbs + bpb.infs))) {
697 		mk4(img, 0x41615252);
698 		mk4(img + MINBPS - 28, 0x61417272);
699 		mk4(img + MINBPS - 24, 0xffffffff);
700 		mk4(img + MINBPS - 20, bpb.rdcl);
701 		mk2(img + MINBPS - 2, DOSMAGIC);
702 	    } else if (lsn >= bpb.res && lsn < dir &&
703 		       !((lsn - bpb.res) %
704 			 (bpb.spf ? bpb.spf : bpb.bspf))) {
705 		mk1(img[0], bpb.mid);
706 		for (x = 1; x < fat * (fat == 32 ? 3 : 2) / 8; x++)
707 		    mk1(img[x], fat == 32 && x % 4 == 3 ? 0x0f : 0xff);
708 	    } else if (lsn == dir && opt_L) {
709 		de = (struct de *)img;
710 		mklabel(de->namext, opt_L);
711 		mk1(de->attr, 050);
712 		x = (u_int)tm->tm_hour << 11 |
713 		    (u_int)tm->tm_min << 5 |
714 		    (u_int)tm->tm_sec >> 1;
715 		mk2(de->time, x);
716 		x = (u_int)(tm->tm_year - 80) << 9 |
717 		    (u_int)(tm->tm_mon + 1) << 5 |
718 		    (u_int)tm->tm_mday;
719 		mk2(de->date, x);
720 	    }
721 	    if ((n = write(fd, img, bpb.bps)) == -1)
722 		err(1, "%s", fname);
723 	    if ((unsigned)n != bpb.bps) {
724 		errx(1, "%s: can't write sector %u", fname, lsn);
725                 exit(1);
726             }
727 	}
728     }
729     return 0;
730 }
731 
732 /*
733  * Exit with error if file system is mounted.
734  */
735 static void
check_mounted(const char * fname,mode_t mode)736 check_mounted(const char *fname, mode_t mode)
737 {
738     struct statfs *mp;
739     const char *s1, *s2;
740     size_t len;
741     int n, r;
742 
743 #ifdef ANDROID
744     warnx("Skipping mount checks");
745 #else
746     if (!(n = getmntinfo(&mp, MNT_NOWAIT)))
747 	err(1, "getmntinfo");
748     len = strlen(_PATH_DEV);
749     s1 = fname;
750     if (!strncmp(s1, _PATH_DEV, len))
751 	s1 += len;
752     r = S_ISCHR(mode) && s1 != fname && *s1 == 'r';
753     for (; n--; mp++) {
754 	s2 = mp->f_mntfromname;
755 	if (!strncmp(s2, _PATH_DEV, len))
756 	    s2 += len;
757 	if ((r && s2 != mp->f_mntfromname && !strcmp(s1 + 1, s2)) ||
758 	    !strcmp(s1, s2))
759 	    errx(1, "%s is mounted on %s", fname, mp->f_mntonname);
760     }
761 #endif
762 }
763 
764 /*
765  * Get a standard format.
766  */
767 static void
getstdfmt(const char * fmt,struct bpb * bpb)768 getstdfmt(const char *fmt, struct bpb *bpb)
769 {
770     u_int x, i;
771 
772     x = sizeof(stdfmt) / sizeof(stdfmt[0]);
773     for (i = 0; i < x && strcmp(fmt, stdfmt[i].name); i++);
774     if (i == x)
775 	errx(1, "%s: unknown standard format", fmt);
776     *bpb = stdfmt[i].bpb;
777 }
778 
779 /*
780  * Get disk slice, partition, and geometry information.
781  */
782 
783 #ifdef ANDROID
784 static void
getdiskinfo(int fd,const char * fname,const char * dtype,__unused int oflag,struct bpb * bpb)785 getdiskinfo(int fd, const char *fname, const char *dtype, __unused int oflag,
786 	    struct bpb *bpb)
787 {
788     struct hd_geometry geom;
789 
790     if (ioctl(fd, BLKSSZGET, &bpb->bps)) {
791         fprintf(stderr, "Error getting bytes / sector (%s)\n", strerror(errno));
792         exit(1);
793     }
794 
795     ckgeom(fname, bpb->bps, "bytes/sector");
796 
797     if (ioctl(fd, BLKGETSIZE, &bpb->bsec)) {
798         fprintf(stderr, "Error getting blocksize (%s)\n", strerror(errno));
799         exit(1);
800     }
801 
802     if (ioctl(fd, HDIO_GETGEO, &geom)) {
803         fprintf(stderr, "Error getting gemoetry (%s) - trying sane values\n", strerror(errno));
804         geom.heads = 64;
805         geom.sectors = 63;
806     }
807 
808     if (!geom.heads) {
809         printf("Bogus heads from kernel - setting sane value\n");
810         geom.heads = 64;
811     }
812 
813     if (!geom.sectors) {
814         printf("Bogus sectors from kernel - setting sane value\n");
815         geom.sectors = 63;
816     }
817 
818     bpb->spt = geom.sectors;
819     ckgeom(fname, bpb->spt, "sectors/track");
820 
821     bpb->hds = geom.heads;
822     ckgeom(fname, bpb->hds, "drive heads");
823 }
824 
825 #else
826 
827 static void
getdiskinfo(int fd,const char * fname,const char * dtype,__unused int oflag,struct bpb * bpb)828 getdiskinfo(int fd, const char *fname, const char *dtype, __unused int oflag,
829 	    struct bpb *bpb)
830 {
831     struct disklabel *lp, dlp;
832     struct fd_type type;
833     off_t ms, hs = 0;
834 
835     lp = NULL;
836 
837     /* If the user specified a disk type, try to use that */
838     if (dtype != NULL) {
839 	lp = getdiskbyname(dtype);
840     }
841 
842     /* Maybe it's a floppy drive */
843     if (lp == NULL) {
844 	if (ioctl(fd, DIOCGMEDIASIZE, &ms) == -1) {
845 	    struct stat st;
846 
847 	    if (fstat(fd, &st))
848 		err(1, "Cannot get disk size");
849 	    /* create a fake geometry for a file image */
850 	    ms = st.st_size;
851 	    dlp.d_secsize = 512;
852 	    dlp.d_nsectors = 63;
853 	    dlp.d_ntracks = 255;
854 	    dlp.d_secperunit = ms / dlp.d_secsize;
855 	    lp = &dlp;
856 	} else if (ioctl(fd, FD_GTYPE, &type) != -1) {
857 	    dlp.d_secsize = 128 << type.secsize;
858 	    dlp.d_nsectors = type.sectrac;
859 	    dlp.d_ntracks = type.heads;
860 	    dlp.d_secperunit = ms / dlp.d_secsize;
861 	    lp = &dlp;
862 	}
863     }
864 
865     /* Maybe it's a fixed drive */
866     if (lp == NULL) {
867 	if (ioctl(fd, DIOCGDINFO, &dlp) == -1) {
868 	    if (bpb->bps == 0 && ioctl(fd, DIOCGSECTORSIZE, &dlp.d_secsize) == -1)
869 		errx(1, "Cannot get sector size, %s", strerror(errno));
870 
871 	    /* XXX Should we use bpb->bps if it's set? */
872 	    dlp.d_secperunit = ms / dlp.d_secsize;
873 
874 	    if (bpb->spt == 0 && ioctl(fd, DIOCGFWSECTORS, &dlp.d_nsectors) == -1) {
875 		warnx("Cannot get number of sectors per track, %s", strerror(errno));
876 		dlp.d_nsectors = 63;
877 	    }
878 	    if (bpb->hds == 0 && ioctl(fd, DIOCGFWHEADS, &dlp.d_ntracks) == -1) {
879 		warnx("Cannot get number of heads, %s", strerror(errno));
880 		if (dlp.d_secperunit <= 63*1*1024)
881 		    dlp.d_ntracks = 1;
882 		else if (dlp.d_secperunit <= 63*16*1024)
883 		    dlp.d_ntracks = 16;
884 		else
885 		    dlp.d_ntracks = 255;
886 	    }
887 	}
888 
889 	hs = (ms / dlp.d_secsize) - dlp.d_secperunit;
890 	lp = &dlp;
891     }
892 
893     if (bpb->bps == 0)
894 	bpb->bps = ckgeom(fname, lp->d_secsize, "bytes/sector");
895     if (bpb->spt == 0)
896 	bpb->spt = ckgeom(fname, lp->d_nsectors, "sectors/track");
897     if (bpb->hds == 0)
898 	bpb->hds = ckgeom(fname, lp->d_ntracks, "drive heads");
899     if (bpb->bsec == 0)
900 	bpb->bsec = lp->d_secperunit;
901     if (bpb->hid == 0)
902 	bpb->hid = hs;
903 }
904 #endif
905 
906 /*
907  * Print out BPB values.
908  */
909 static void
print_bpb(struct bpb * bpb)910 print_bpb(struct bpb *bpb)
911 {
912     printf("bps=%u spc=%u res=%u nft=%u", bpb->bps, bpb->spc, bpb->res,
913 	   bpb->nft);
914     if (bpb->rde)
915 	printf(" rde=%u", bpb->rde);
916     if (bpb->sec)
917 	printf(" sec=%u", bpb->sec);
918     printf(" mid=%#x", bpb->mid);
919     if (bpb->spf)
920 	printf(" spf=%u", bpb->spf);
921     printf(" spt=%u hds=%u hid=%u", bpb->spt, bpb->hds, bpb->hid);
922     if (bpb->bsec)
923 	printf(" bsec=%u", bpb->bsec);
924     if (!bpb->spf) {
925 	printf(" bspf=%u rdcl=%u", bpb->bspf, bpb->rdcl);
926 	printf(" infs=");
927 	printf(bpb->infs == MAXU16 ? "%#x" : "%u", bpb->infs);
928 	printf(" bkbs=");
929 	printf(bpb->bkbs == MAXU16 ? "%#x" : "%u", bpb->bkbs);
930     }
931     printf("\n");
932 }
933 
934 /*
935  * Check a disk geometry value.
936  */
937 static u_int
ckgeom(const char * fname,u_int val,const char * msg)938 ckgeom(const char *fname, u_int val, const char *msg)
939 {
940     if (!val)
941 	errx(1, "%s: no default %s", fname, msg);
942     if (val > MAXU16)
943 	errx(1, "%s: illegal %s %d", fname, msg, val);
944     return val;
945 }
946 
947 /*
948  * Convert and check a numeric option argument.
949  */
950 static u_int
argtou(const char * arg,u_int lo,u_int hi,const char * msg)951 argtou(const char *arg, u_int lo, u_int hi, const char *msg)
952 {
953     char *s;
954     u_long x;
955 
956     errno = 0;
957     x = strtoul(arg, &s, 0);
958     if (errno || !*arg || *s || x < lo || x > hi)
959 	errx(1, "%s: bad %s", arg, msg);
960     return x;
961 }
962 
963 /*
964  * Same for off_t, with optional skmgpP suffix
965  */
966 static off_t
argtooff(const char * arg,const char * msg)967 argtooff(const char *arg, const char *msg)
968 {
969     char *s;
970     off_t x;
971 
972     x = strtoll(arg, &s, 0);
973     /* allow at most one extra char */
974     if (errno || x < 0 || (s[0] && s[1]) )
975 	errx(1, "%s: bad %s", arg, msg);
976     if (*s) {	/* the extra char is the multiplier */
977 	switch (*s) {
978 	default:
979 	    errx(1, "%s: bad %s", arg, msg);
980 	    /* notreached */
981 
982 	case 's':	/* sector */
983 	case 'S':
984 	    x <<= 9;	/* times 512 */
985 	    break;
986 
987 	case 'k':	/* kilobyte */
988 	case 'K':
989 	    x <<= 10;	/* times 1024 */
990 	    break;
991 
992 	case 'm':	/* megabyte */
993 	case 'M':
994 	    x <<= 20;	/* times 1024*1024 */
995 	    break;
996 
997 	case 'g':	/* gigabyte */
998 	case 'G':
999 	    x <<= 30;	/* times 1024*1024*1024 */
1000 	    break;
1001 
1002 	case 'p':	/* partition start */
1003 	case 'P':	/* partition start */
1004 	case 'l':	/* partition length */
1005 	case 'L':	/* partition length */
1006 	    errx(1, "%s: not supported yet %s", arg, msg);
1007 	    /* notreached */
1008 	}
1009     }
1010     return x;
1011 }
1012 
1013 /*
1014  * Check a volume label.
1015  */
1016 static int
oklabel(const char * src)1017 oklabel(const char *src)
1018 {
1019     int c, i;
1020 
1021     for (i = 0; i <= 11; i++) {
1022 	c = (u_char)*src++;
1023 	if (c < ' ' + !i || strchr("\"*+,./:;<=>?[\\]|", c))
1024 	    break;
1025     }
1026     return i && !c;
1027 }
1028 
1029 /*
1030  * Make a volume label.
1031  */
1032 static void
mklabel(u_int8_t * dest,const char * src)1033 mklabel(u_int8_t *dest, const char *src)
1034 {
1035     int c, i;
1036 
1037     for (i = 0; i < 11; i++) {
1038 	c = *src ? toupper(*src++) : ' ';
1039 	*dest++ = !i && c == '\xe5' ? 5 : c;
1040     }
1041 }
1042 
1043 /*
1044  * Copy string, padding with spaces.
1045  */
1046 static void
setstr(u_int8_t * dest,const char * src,size_t len)1047 setstr(u_int8_t *dest, const char *src, size_t len)
1048 {
1049     while (len--)
1050 	*dest++ = *src ? *src++ : ' ';
1051 }
1052 
1053 /*
1054  * Print usage message.
1055  */
1056 static void
usage(void)1057 usage(void)
1058 {
1059 	fprintf(stderr,
1060 	    "usage: newfs_msdos [ -options ] special [disktype]\n"
1061 	    "where the options are:\n"
1062 	    "\t-@ create file system at specified offset\n"
1063 	    "\t-B get bootstrap from file\n"
1064 	    "\t-C create image file with specified size\n"
1065 	    "\t-F FAT type (12, 16, or 32)\n"
1066 	    "\t-I volume ID\n"
1067 	    "\t-L volume label\n"
1068 	    "\t-N don't create file system: just print out parameters\n"
1069 	    "\t-O OEM string\n"
1070 	    "\t-S bytes/sector\n"
1071 	    "\t-a sectors/FAT\n"
1072 	    "\t-b block size\n"
1073 	    "\t-c sectors/cluster\n"
1074 	    "\t-e root directory entries\n"
1075 	    "\t-f standard format\n"
1076 	    "\t-h drive heads\n"
1077 	    "\t-i file system info sector\n"
1078 	    "\t-k backup boot sector\n"
1079 	    "\t-m media descriptor\n"
1080 	    "\t-n number of FATs\n"
1081 	    "\t-o hidden sectors\n"
1082 	    "\t-r reserved sectors\n"
1083 	    "\t-s file system size (sectors)\n"
1084 	    "\t-u sectors/track\n");
1085 	exit(1);
1086 }
1087