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1 /*
2  * Copyright (c) 1989 The Regents of the University of California.
3  * All rights reserved.
4  *
5  * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
6  * Mike Muuss.
7  *
8  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
9  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
10  * are met:
11  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
12  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
13  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
14  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
15  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
16  * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
17  *    must display the following acknowledgement:
18  *	This product includes software developed by the University of
19  *	California, Berkeley and its contributors.
20  * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
21  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
22  *    without specific prior written permission.
23  *
24  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
25  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
26  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
27  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
28  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
29  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
30  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
31  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
32  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
33  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
34  * SUCH DAMAGE.
35  */
36 
37 #ifndef lint
38 char copyright[] =
39 "@(#) Copyright (c) 1989 The Regents of the University of California.\n\
40  All rights reserved.\n";
41 #endif /* not lint */
42 
43 /*
44  *			P I N G . C
45  *
46  * Using the InterNet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) "ECHO" facility,
47  * measure round-trip-delays and packet loss across network paths.
48  *
49  * Author -
50  *	Mike Muuss
51  *	U. S. Army Ballistic Research Laboratory
52  *	December, 1983
53  *
54  * Status -
55  *	Public Domain.  Distribution Unlimited.
56  * Bugs -
57  *	More statistics could always be gathered.
58  *	This program has to run SUID to ROOT to access the ICMP socket.
59  */
60 
61 #include "ping_common.h"
62 
63 #include <netinet/ip.h>
64 #include <netinet/ip_icmp.h>
65 #ifndef WITHOUT_IFADDRS
66 #include <ifaddrs.h>
67 #endif
68 
69 #ifndef ICMP_FILTER
70 #define ICMP_FILTER	1
71 struct icmp_filter {
72 	__u32	data;
73 };
74 #endif
75 
76 #define	MAXIPLEN	60
77 #define	MAXICMPLEN	76
78 #define	NROUTES		9		/* number of record route slots */
79 #define TOS_MAX		255		/* 8-bit TOS field */
80 #define MAX_HOSTNAMELEN	NI_MAXHOST
81 
82 
83 static int ts_type;
84 static int nroute = 0;
85 static __u32 route[10];
86 
87 
88 
89 struct sockaddr_in whereto;	/* who to ping */
90 int optlen = 0;
91 int settos = 0;			/* Set TOS, Precendence or other QOS options */
92 int icmp_sock;			/* socket file descriptor */
93 u_char outpack[0x10000];
94 int maxpacket = sizeof(outpack);
95 
96 static int broadcast_pings = 0;
97 
98 static char *pr_addr(__u32);
99 static void pr_options(unsigned char * cp, int hlen);
100 static void pr_iph(struct iphdr *ip);
101 static void usage(void) __attribute__((noreturn));
102 static u_short in_cksum(const u_short *addr, int len, u_short salt);
103 static void pr_icmph(__u8 type, __u8 code, __u32 info, struct icmphdr *icp);
104 static int parsetos(char *str);
105 
106 static struct {
107 	struct cmsghdr cm;
108 	struct in_pktinfo ipi;
109 } cmsg = { {sizeof(struct cmsghdr) + sizeof(struct in_pktinfo), SOL_IP, IP_PKTINFO},
110 	   {0, }};
111 int cmsg_len;
112 
113 struct sockaddr_in source;
114 char *device;
115 int pmtudisc = -1;
116 
117 
118 int
main(int argc,char ** argv)119 main(int argc, char **argv)
120 {
121 	struct hostent *hp;
122 	int ch, hold, packlen;
123 	int socket_errno = 0;
124 	u_char *packet;
125 	char *target;
126 #ifdef USE_IDN
127 	char *hnamebuf = NULL;
128 #else
129 	char hnamebuf[MAX_HOSTNAMELEN];
130 #endif
131 	char rspace[3 + 4 * NROUTES + 1];	/* record route space */
132 
133 #ifdef ANDROID
134 	android_check_security();
135 #endif
136 
137 	limit_capabilities();
138 
139 #ifdef USE_IDN
140 	setlocale(LC_ALL, "");
141 #endif
142 
143 	icmp_sock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, IPPROTO_ICMP);
144 	if (icmp_sock < 0) {
145 		enable_capability_raw();
146 		icmp_sock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_ICMP);
147 		socket_errno = errno;
148 		disable_capability_raw();
149 		using_ping_socket = 0;
150 	}
151 
152 	source.sin_family = AF_INET;
153 
154 	preload = 1;
155 	while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, COMMON_OPTSTR "bRT:")) != EOF) {
156 		switch(ch) {
157 		case 'b':
158 			broadcast_pings = 1;
159 			break;
160 		case 'Q':
161 			settos = parsetos(optarg);
162 			if (settos &&
163 			    (setsockopt(icmp_sock, IPPROTO_IP, IP_TOS,
164 					(char *)&settos, sizeof(int)) < 0)) {
165 				perror("ping: error setting QOS sockopts");
166 				exit(2);
167 			}
168 			break;
169 		case 'R':
170 			if (options & F_TIMESTAMP) {
171 				fprintf(stderr, "Only one of -T or -R may be used\n");
172 				exit(2);
173 			}
174 			options |= F_RROUTE;
175 			break;
176 		case 'T':
177 			if (options & F_RROUTE) {
178 				fprintf(stderr, "Only one of -T or -R may be used\n");
179 				exit(2);
180 			}
181 			options |= F_TIMESTAMP;
182 			if (strcmp(optarg, "tsonly") == 0)
183 				ts_type = IPOPT_TS_TSONLY;
184 			else if (strcmp(optarg, "tsandaddr") == 0)
185 				ts_type = IPOPT_TS_TSANDADDR;
186 			else if (strcmp(optarg, "tsprespec") == 0)
187 				ts_type = IPOPT_TS_PRESPEC;
188 			else {
189 				fprintf(stderr, "Invalid timestamp type\n");
190 				exit(2);
191 			}
192 			break;
193 		case 'I':
194 		{
195 #if 0
196 			char dummy;
197 			int i1, i2, i3, i4;
198 
199 			if (sscanf(optarg, "%u.%u.%u.%u%c",
200 				   &i1, &i2, &i3, &i4, &dummy) == 4) {
201 				__u8 *ptr;
202 				ptr = (__u8*)&source.sin_addr;
203 				ptr[0] = i1;
204 				ptr[1] = i2;
205 				ptr[2] = i3;
206 				ptr[3] = i4;
207 				options |= F_STRICTSOURCE;
208 			} else {
209 				device = optarg;
210 			}
211 #else
212 			if (inet_pton(AF_INET, optarg, &source.sin_addr) > 0)
213 				options |= F_STRICTSOURCE;
214 			else
215 				device = optarg;
216 #endif
217 			break;
218 		}
219 		case 'M':
220 			if (strcmp(optarg, "do") == 0)
221 				pmtudisc = IP_PMTUDISC_DO;
222 			else if (strcmp(optarg, "dont") == 0)
223 				pmtudisc = IP_PMTUDISC_DONT;
224 			else if (strcmp(optarg, "want") == 0)
225 				pmtudisc = IP_PMTUDISC_WANT;
226 			else {
227 				fprintf(stderr, "ping: wrong value for -M: do, dont, want are valid ones.\n");
228 				exit(2);
229 			}
230 			break;
231 		case 'V':
232 			printf("ping utility, iputils-%s\n", SNAPSHOT);
233 			exit(0);
234 		COMMON_OPTIONS
235 			common_options(ch);
236 			break;
237 		default:
238 			usage();
239 		}
240 	}
241 	argc -= optind;
242 	argv += optind;
243 
244 	if (argc == 0)
245 		usage();
246 	if (argc > 1) {
247 		if (options & F_RROUTE)
248 			usage();
249 		else if (options & F_TIMESTAMP) {
250 			if (ts_type != IPOPT_TS_PRESPEC)
251 				usage();
252 			if (argc > 5)
253 				usage();
254 		} else {
255 			if (argc > 10)
256 				usage();
257 			options |= F_SOURCEROUTE;
258 		}
259 	}
260 	while (argc > 0) {
261 		target = *argv;
262 
263 		memset((char *)&whereto, 0, sizeof(whereto));
264 		whereto.sin_family = AF_INET;
265 		if (inet_aton(target, &whereto.sin_addr) == 1) {
266 			hostname = target;
267 			if (argc == 1)
268 				options |= F_NUMERIC;
269 		} else {
270 			char *idn;
271 #ifdef USE_IDN
272 			int rc;
273 
274 			if (hnamebuf) {
275 				free(hnamebuf);
276 				hnamebuf = NULL;
277 			}
278 
279 			rc = idna_to_ascii_lz(target, &idn, 0);
280 			if (rc != IDNA_SUCCESS) {
281 				fprintf(stderr, "ping: IDN encoding failed: %s\n", idna_strerror(rc));
282 				exit(2);
283 			}
284 #else
285 			idn = target;
286 #endif
287 			hp = gethostbyname(idn);
288 			if (!hp) {
289 				fprintf(stderr, "ping: unknown host %s\n", target);
290 				exit(2);
291 			}
292 #ifdef USE_IDN
293 			free(idn);
294 #endif
295 			memcpy(&whereto.sin_addr, hp->h_addr, 4);
296 #ifdef USE_IDN
297 			if (idna_to_unicode_lzlz(hp->h_name, &hnamebuf, 0) != IDNA_SUCCESS) {
298 				hnamebuf = strdup(hp->h_name);
299 				if (!hnamebuf) {
300 					perror("ping: strdup");
301 					exit(-1);
302 				}
303 			}
304 #else
305 			strncpy(hnamebuf, hp->h_name, sizeof(hnamebuf) - 1);
306 			hnamebuf[sizeof(hnamebuf) - 1] = 0;
307 #endif
308 			hostname = hnamebuf;
309 		}
310 		if (argc > 1)
311 			route[nroute++] = whereto.sin_addr.s_addr;
312 		argc--;
313 		argv++;
314 	}
315 
316 	if (source.sin_addr.s_addr == 0) {
317 		socklen_t alen;
318 		struct sockaddr_in dst = whereto;
319 		int probe_fd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
320 
321 		if (probe_fd < 0) {
322 			perror("socket");
323 			exit(2);
324 		}
325 		if (device) {
326 			struct ifreq ifr;
327 			int rc;
328 
329 			memset(&ifr, 0, sizeof(ifr));
330 			strncpy(ifr.ifr_name, device, IFNAMSIZ-1);
331 
332 			enable_capability_raw();
333 			rc = setsockopt(probe_fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_BINDTODEVICE, device, strlen(device)+1);
334 			disable_capability_raw();
335 
336 			if (rc == -1) {
337 				if (IN_MULTICAST(ntohl(dst.sin_addr.s_addr))) {
338 					struct ip_mreqn imr;
339 					if (ioctl(probe_fd, SIOCGIFINDEX, &ifr) < 0) {
340 						fprintf(stderr, "ping: unknown iface %s\n", device);
341 						exit(2);
342 					}
343 					memset(&imr, 0, sizeof(imr));
344 					imr.imr_ifindex = ifr.ifr_ifindex;
345 					if (setsockopt(probe_fd, SOL_IP, IP_MULTICAST_IF, &imr, sizeof(imr)) == -1) {
346 						perror("ping: IP_MULTICAST_IF");
347 						exit(2);
348 					}
349 				} else {
350 					perror("ping: SO_BINDTODEVICE");
351 					exit(2);
352 				}
353 			}
354 		}
355 
356 		if (settos &&
357 		    setsockopt(probe_fd, IPPROTO_IP, IP_TOS, (char *)&settos, sizeof(int)) < 0)
358 			perror("Warning: error setting QOS sockopts");
359 
360 		dst.sin_port = htons(1025);
361 		if (nroute)
362 			dst.sin_addr.s_addr = route[0];
363 		if (connect(probe_fd, (struct sockaddr*)&dst, sizeof(dst)) == -1) {
364 			if (errno == EACCES) {
365 				if (broadcast_pings == 0) {
366 					fprintf(stderr, "Do you want to ping broadcast? Then -b\n");
367 					exit(2);
368 				}
369 				fprintf(stderr, "WARNING: pinging broadcast address\n");
370 				if (setsockopt(probe_fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_BROADCAST,
371 					       &broadcast_pings, sizeof(broadcast_pings)) < 0) {
372 					perror ("can't set broadcasting");
373 					exit(2);
374 				}
375 				if (connect(probe_fd, (struct sockaddr*)&dst, sizeof(dst)) == -1) {
376 					perror("connect");
377 					exit(2);
378 				}
379 			} else {
380 				perror("connect");
381 				exit(2);
382 			}
383 		}
384 		alen = sizeof(source);
385 		if (getsockname(probe_fd, (struct sockaddr*)&source, &alen) == -1) {
386 			perror("getsockname");
387 			exit(2);
388 		}
389 		source.sin_port = 0;
390 
391 #ifndef WITHOUT_IFADDRS
392 		if (device) {
393 			struct ifaddrs *ifa0, *ifa;
394 			int ret;
395 
396 			ret = getifaddrs(&ifa0);
397 			if (ret) {
398 				fprintf(stderr, "gatifaddrs() failed.\n");
399 				exit(2);
400 			}
401 			for (ifa = ifa0; ifa; ifa = ifa->ifa_next) {
402 				if (!ifa->ifa_addr || ifa->ifa_addr->sa_family != AF_INET)
403 					continue;
404 				if (!strncmp(ifa->ifa_name, device, sizeof(device) - 1) &&
405 				    !memcmp(&((struct sockaddr_in *)ifa->ifa_addr)->sin_addr,
406 					    &source.sin_addr, sizeof(source.sin_addr)))
407 					break;
408 			}
409 			freeifaddrs(ifa0);
410 			if (!ifa)
411 				fprintf(stderr, "ping: Warning: source address might be selected on device other than %s.\n", device);
412 		}
413 #endif
414 		close(probe_fd);
415 	} while (0);
416 
417 	if (whereto.sin_addr.s_addr == 0)
418 		whereto.sin_addr.s_addr = source.sin_addr.s_addr;
419 
420 	if (icmp_sock < 0) {
421 		errno = socket_errno;
422 		perror("ping: icmp open socket");
423 		exit(2);
424 	}
425 
426 	if (device) {
427 		struct ifreq ifr;
428 
429 		memset(&ifr, 0, sizeof(ifr));
430 		strncpy(ifr.ifr_name, device, IFNAMSIZ-1);
431 		if (ioctl(icmp_sock, SIOCGIFINDEX, &ifr) < 0) {
432 			fprintf(stderr, "ping: unknown iface %s\n", device);
433 			exit(2);
434 		}
435 		cmsg.ipi.ipi_ifindex = ifr.ifr_ifindex;
436 		cmsg_len = sizeof(cmsg);
437 	}
438 
439 	if (broadcast_pings || IN_MULTICAST(ntohl(whereto.sin_addr.s_addr))) {
440 		if (uid) {
441 			if (interval < 1000) {
442 				fprintf(stderr, "ping: broadcast ping with too short interval.\n");
443 				exit(2);
444 			}
445 			if (pmtudisc >= 0 && pmtudisc != IP_PMTUDISC_DO) {
446 				fprintf(stderr, "ping: broadcast ping does not fragment.\n");
447 				exit(2);
448 			}
449 		}
450 		if (pmtudisc < 0)
451 			pmtudisc = IP_PMTUDISC_DO;
452 	}
453 
454 	if (pmtudisc >= 0) {
455 		if (setsockopt(icmp_sock, SOL_IP, IP_MTU_DISCOVER, &pmtudisc, sizeof(pmtudisc)) == -1) {
456 			perror("ping: IP_MTU_DISCOVER");
457 			exit(2);
458 		}
459 	}
460 
461 	if ((options&F_STRICTSOURCE) &&
462 	    bind(icmp_sock, (struct sockaddr*)&source, sizeof(source)) == -1) {
463 		perror("bind");
464 		exit(2);
465 	}
466 
467 	if (!using_ping_socket) {
468 		struct icmp_filter filt;
469 		filt.data = ~((1<<ICMP_SOURCE_QUENCH)|
470 			      (1<<ICMP_DEST_UNREACH)|
471 			      (1<<ICMP_TIME_EXCEEDED)|
472 			      (1<<ICMP_PARAMETERPROB)|
473 			      (1<<ICMP_REDIRECT)|
474 			      (1<<ICMP_ECHOREPLY));
475 		if (setsockopt(icmp_sock, SOL_RAW, ICMP_FILTER, (char*)&filt, sizeof(filt)) == -1)
476 			perror("WARNING: setsockopt(ICMP_FILTER)");
477 	}
478 
479 	hold = 1;
480 	if (setsockopt(icmp_sock, SOL_IP, IP_RECVERR, (char *)&hold, sizeof(hold)))
481 		fprintf(stderr, "WARNING: your kernel is veeery old. No problems.\n");
482 	if (using_ping_socket) {
483 		if (setsockopt(icmp_sock, SOL_IP, IP_RECVTTL, (char *)&hold, sizeof(hold)))
484 			perror("WARNING: setsockopt(IP_RECVTTL)");
485 		if (setsockopt(icmp_sock, SOL_IP, IP_RETOPTS, (char *)&hold, sizeof(hold)))
486 			perror("WARNING: setsockopt(IP_RETOPTS)");
487 	}
488 
489 	/* record route option */
490 	if (options & F_RROUTE) {
491 		memset(rspace, 0, sizeof(rspace));
492 		rspace[0] = IPOPT_NOP;
493 		rspace[1+IPOPT_OPTVAL] = IPOPT_RR;
494 		rspace[1+IPOPT_OLEN] = sizeof(rspace)-1;
495 		rspace[1+IPOPT_OFFSET] = IPOPT_MINOFF;
496 		optlen = 40;
497 		if (setsockopt(icmp_sock, IPPROTO_IP, IP_OPTIONS, rspace, sizeof(rspace)) < 0) {
498 			perror("ping: record route");
499 			exit(2);
500 		}
501 	}
502 	if (options & F_TIMESTAMP) {
503 		memset(rspace, 0, sizeof(rspace));
504 		rspace[0] = IPOPT_TIMESTAMP;
505 		rspace[1] = (ts_type==IPOPT_TS_TSONLY ? 40 : 36);
506 		rspace[2] = 5;
507 		rspace[3] = ts_type;
508 		if (ts_type == IPOPT_TS_PRESPEC) {
509 			int i;
510 			rspace[1] = 4+nroute*8;
511 			for (i=0; i<nroute; i++)
512 				*(__u32*)&rspace[4+i*8] = route[i];
513 		}
514 		if (setsockopt(icmp_sock, IPPROTO_IP, IP_OPTIONS, rspace, rspace[1]) < 0) {
515 			rspace[3] = 2;
516 			if (setsockopt(icmp_sock, IPPROTO_IP, IP_OPTIONS, rspace, rspace[1]) < 0) {
517 				perror("ping: ts option");
518 				exit(2);
519 			}
520 		}
521 		optlen = 40;
522 	}
523 	if (options & F_SOURCEROUTE) {
524 		int i;
525 		memset(rspace, 0, sizeof(rspace));
526 		rspace[0] = IPOPT_NOOP;
527 		rspace[1+IPOPT_OPTVAL] = (options & F_SO_DONTROUTE) ? IPOPT_SSRR
528 			: IPOPT_LSRR;
529 		rspace[1+IPOPT_OLEN] = 3 + nroute*4;
530 		rspace[1+IPOPT_OFFSET] = IPOPT_MINOFF;
531 		for (i=0; i<nroute; i++)
532 			*(__u32*)&rspace[4+i*4] = route[i];
533 
534 		if (setsockopt(icmp_sock, IPPROTO_IP, IP_OPTIONS, rspace, 4 + nroute*4) < 0) {
535 			perror("ping: record route");
536 			exit(2);
537 		}
538 		optlen = 40;
539 	}
540 
541 	/* Estimate memory eaten by single packet. It is rough estimate.
542 	 * Actually, for small datalen's it depends on kernel side a lot. */
543 	hold = datalen + 8;
544 	hold += ((hold+511)/512)*(optlen + 20 + 16 + 64 + 160);
545 	sock_setbufs(icmp_sock, hold);
546 
547 	if (broadcast_pings) {
548 		if (setsockopt(icmp_sock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_BROADCAST,
549 			       &broadcast_pings, sizeof(broadcast_pings)) < 0) {
550 			perror ("ping: can't set broadcasting");
551 			exit(2);
552 		}
553 	}
554 
555 	if (options & F_NOLOOP) {
556 		int loop = 0;
557 		if (setsockopt(icmp_sock, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_LOOP,
558 							&loop, 1) == -1) {
559 			perror ("ping: can't disable multicast loopback");
560 			exit(2);
561 		}
562 	}
563 	if (options & F_TTL) {
564 		int ittl = ttl;
565 		if (setsockopt(icmp_sock, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_TTL,
566 							&ttl, 1) == -1) {
567 			perror ("ping: can't set multicast time-to-live");
568 			exit(2);
569 		}
570 		if (setsockopt(icmp_sock, IPPROTO_IP, IP_TTL,
571 							&ittl, sizeof(ittl)) == -1) {
572 			perror ("ping: can't set unicast time-to-live");
573 			exit(2);
574 		}
575 	}
576 
577 	if (datalen > 0xFFFF - 8 - optlen - 20) {
578 		if (uid || datalen > sizeof(outpack)-8) {
579 			fprintf(stderr, "Error: packet size %d is too large. Maximum is %d\n", datalen, 0xFFFF-8-20-optlen);
580 			exit(2);
581 		}
582 		/* Allow small oversize to root yet. It will cause EMSGSIZE. */
583 		fprintf(stderr, "WARNING: packet size %d is too large. Maximum is %d\n", datalen, 0xFFFF-8-20-optlen);
584 	}
585 
586 	if (datalen >= sizeof(struct timeval))	/* can we time transfer */
587 		timing = 1;
588 	packlen = datalen + MAXIPLEN + MAXICMPLEN;
589 	if (!(packet = (u_char *)malloc((u_int)packlen))) {
590 		fprintf(stderr, "ping: out of memory.\n");
591 		exit(2);
592 	}
593 
594 	printf("PING %s (%s) ", hostname, inet_ntoa(whereto.sin_addr));
595 	if (device || (options&F_STRICTSOURCE))
596 		printf("from %s %s: ", inet_ntoa(source.sin_addr), device ?: "");
597 	printf("%d(%d) bytes of data.\n", datalen, datalen+8+optlen+20);
598 
599 	setup(icmp_sock);
600 
601 	main_loop(icmp_sock, packet, packlen);
602 }
603 
604 
receive_error_msg()605 int receive_error_msg()
606 {
607 	int res;
608 	char cbuf[512];
609 	struct iovec  iov;
610 	struct msghdr msg;
611 	struct cmsghdr *cmsg;
612 	struct sock_extended_err *e;
613 	struct icmphdr icmph;
614 	struct sockaddr_in target;
615 	int net_errors = 0;
616 	int local_errors = 0;
617 	int saved_errno = errno;
618 
619 	iov.iov_base = &icmph;
620 	iov.iov_len = sizeof(icmph);
621 	msg.msg_name = (void*)&target;
622 	msg.msg_namelen = sizeof(target);
623 	msg.msg_iov = &iov;
624 	msg.msg_iovlen = 1;
625 	msg.msg_flags = 0;
626 	msg.msg_control = cbuf;
627 	msg.msg_controllen = sizeof(cbuf);
628 
629 	res = recvmsg(icmp_sock, &msg, MSG_ERRQUEUE|MSG_DONTWAIT);
630 	if (res < 0)
631 		goto out;
632 
633 	e = NULL;
634 	for (cmsg = CMSG_FIRSTHDR(&msg); cmsg; cmsg = CMSG_NXTHDR(&msg, cmsg)) {
635 		if (cmsg->cmsg_level == SOL_IP) {
636 			if (cmsg->cmsg_type == IP_RECVERR)
637 				e = (struct sock_extended_err *)CMSG_DATA(cmsg);
638 		}
639 	}
640 	if (e == NULL)
641 		abort();
642 
643 	if (e->ee_origin == SO_EE_ORIGIN_LOCAL) {
644 		local_errors++;
645 		if (options & F_QUIET)
646 			goto out;
647 		if (options & F_FLOOD)
648 			write_stdout("E", 1);
649 		else if (e->ee_errno != EMSGSIZE)
650 			fprintf(stderr, "ping: local error: %s\n", strerror(e->ee_errno));
651 		else
652 			fprintf(stderr, "ping: local error: Message too long, mtu=%u\n", e->ee_info);
653 		nerrors++;
654 	} else if (e->ee_origin == SO_EE_ORIGIN_ICMP) {
655 		struct sockaddr_in *sin = (struct sockaddr_in*)(e+1);
656 		int error_pkt;
657 
658 		if (res < sizeof(icmph) ||
659 		    target.sin_addr.s_addr != whereto.sin_addr.s_addr ||
660 		    icmph.type != ICMP_ECHO ||
661 		    !is_ours(icmph.un.echo.id)) {
662 			/* Not our error, not an error at all. Clear. */
663 			saved_errno = 0;
664 			goto out;
665 		}
666 
667 		error_pkt = (e->ee_type != ICMP_REDIRECT &&
668 			     e->ee_type != ICMP_SOURCE_QUENCH);
669 		if (error_pkt) {
670 			acknowledge(ntohs(icmph.un.echo.sequence));
671 			net_errors++;
672 			nerrors++;
673 		}
674 		else {
675 			saved_errno = 0;
676 		}
677 
678 		if (!using_ping_socket && !working_recverr) {
679 			struct icmp_filter filt;
680 			working_recverr = 1;
681 			/* OK, it works. Add stronger filter. */
682 			filt.data = ~((1<<ICMP_SOURCE_QUENCH)|
683 				      (1<<ICMP_REDIRECT)|
684 				      (1<<ICMP_ECHOREPLY));
685 			if (setsockopt(icmp_sock, SOL_RAW, ICMP_FILTER, (char*)&filt, sizeof(filt)) == -1)
686 				perror("\rWARNING: setsockopt(ICMP_FILTER)");
687 		}
688 
689 		if (options & F_QUIET)
690 			goto out;
691 		if (options & F_FLOOD) {
692 			if (error_pkt)
693 				write_stdout("\bE", 2);
694 		} else {
695 			print_timestamp();
696 			printf("From %s: icmp_seq=%u ", pr_addr(sin->sin_addr.s_addr), ntohs(icmph.un.echo.sequence));
697 			pr_icmph(e->ee_type, e->ee_code, e->ee_info, NULL);
698 			fflush(stdout);
699 		}
700 	}
701 
702 out:
703 	errno = saved_errno;
704 	return net_errors ? : -local_errors;
705 }
706 
707 /*
708  * pinger --
709  * 	Compose and transmit an ICMP ECHO REQUEST packet.  The IP packet
710  * will be added on by the kernel.  The ID field is our UNIX process ID,
711  * and the sequence number is an ascending integer.  The first 8 bytes
712  * of the data portion are used to hold a UNIX "timeval" struct in VAX
713  * byte-order, to compute the round-trip time.
714  */
send_probe()715 int send_probe()
716 {
717 	struct icmphdr *icp;
718 	int cc;
719 	int i;
720 
721 	icp = (struct icmphdr *)outpack;
722 	icp->type = ICMP_ECHO;
723 	icp->code = 0;
724 	icp->checksum = 0;
725 	icp->un.echo.sequence = htons(ntransmitted+1);
726 	icp->un.echo.id = ident;			/* ID */
727 
728 	rcvd_clear(ntransmitted+1);
729 
730 	if (timing) {
731 		if (options&F_LATENCY) {
732 			struct timeval tmp_tv;
733 			gettimeofday(&tmp_tv, NULL);
734 			memcpy(icp+1, &tmp_tv, sizeof(tmp_tv));
735 		} else {
736 			memset(icp+1, 0, sizeof(struct timeval));
737 		}
738 	}
739 
740 	cc = datalen + 8;			/* skips ICMP portion */
741 
742 	/* compute ICMP checksum here */
743 	icp->checksum = in_cksum((u_short *)icp, cc, 0);
744 
745 	if (timing && !(options&F_LATENCY)) {
746 		struct timeval tmp_tv;
747 		gettimeofday(&tmp_tv, NULL);
748 		memcpy(icp+1, &tmp_tv, sizeof(tmp_tv));
749 		icp->checksum = in_cksum((u_short *)&tmp_tv, sizeof(tmp_tv), ~icp->checksum);
750 	}
751 
752 	do {
753 		static struct iovec iov = {outpack, 0};
754 		static struct msghdr m = { &whereto, sizeof(whereto),
755 						   &iov, 1, &cmsg, 0, 0 };
756 		m.msg_controllen = cmsg_len;
757 		iov.iov_len = cc;
758 
759 		i = sendmsg(icmp_sock, &m, confirm);
760 		confirm = 0;
761 	} while (0);
762 
763 	return (cc == i ? 0 : i);
764 }
765 
766 /*
767  * parse_reply --
768  *	Print out the packet, if it came from us.  This logic is necessary
769  * because ALL readers of the ICMP socket get a copy of ALL ICMP packets
770  * which arrive ('tis only fair).  This permits multiple copies of this
771  * program to be run without having intermingled output (or statistics!).
772  */
pr_echo_reply(__u8 * _icp,int len)773 void pr_echo_reply(__u8 *_icp, int len)
774 {
775 	struct icmphdr *icp = (struct icmphdr *)_icp;
776 	printf(" icmp_seq=%u", ntohs(icp->un.echo.sequence));
777 }
778 
779 int
parse_reply(struct msghdr * msg,int cc,void * addr,struct timeval * tv)780 parse_reply(struct msghdr *msg, int cc, void *addr, struct timeval *tv)
781 {
782 	struct sockaddr_in *from = addr;
783 	__u8 *buf = msg->msg_iov->iov_base;
784 	struct icmphdr *icp;
785 	struct iphdr *ip;
786 	int hlen;
787 	int csfailed;
788 	struct cmsghdr *cmsg;
789 	int ttl;
790 	__u8 *opts;
791 	int optlen;
792 
793 	/* Check the IP header */
794 	ip = (struct iphdr *)buf;
795 	if (!using_ping_socket) {
796 		hlen = ip->ihl*4;
797 		if (cc < hlen + 8 || ip->ihl < 5) {
798 			if (options & F_VERBOSE)
799 				fprintf(stderr, "ping: packet too short (%d bytes) from %s\n", cc,
800 					pr_addr(from->sin_addr.s_addr));
801 			return 1;
802 		}
803 		ttl = ip->ttl;
804 		opts = buf + sizeof(struct iphdr);
805 		optlen = hlen - sizeof(struct iphdr);
806 	} else {
807 		hlen = 0;
808 		ttl = 0;
809 		opts = buf;
810 		optlen = 0;
811 		for (cmsg = CMSG_FIRSTHDR(msg); cmsg; cmsg = CMSG_NXTHDR(msg, cmsg)) {
812 			if (cmsg->cmsg_level != SOL_IP)
813 				continue;
814 			if (cmsg->cmsg_type == IP_TTL) {
815 				if (cmsg->cmsg_len < sizeof(int))
816 					continue;
817 				ttl = *(int *) CMSG_DATA(cmsg);
818 			} else if (cmsg->cmsg_type == IP_RETOPTS) {
819 				opts = (__u8 *) CMSG_DATA(cmsg);
820 				optlen = cmsg->cmsg_len;
821 			}
822 		}
823 	}
824 
825 	/* Now the ICMP part */
826 	cc -= hlen;
827 	icp = (struct icmphdr *)(buf + hlen);
828 	csfailed = in_cksum((u_short *)icp, cc, 0);
829 
830 	if (icp->type == ICMP_ECHOREPLY) {
831 		if (!is_ours(icp->un.echo.id))
832 			return 1;			/* 'Twas not our ECHO */
833 		if (gather_statistics((__u8*)icp, sizeof(*icp), cc,
834 				      ntohs(icp->un.echo.sequence),
835 				      ttl, 0, tv, pr_addr(from->sin_addr.s_addr),
836 				      pr_echo_reply))
837 			return 0;
838 	} else {
839 		/* We fall here when a redirect or source quench arrived.
840 		 * Also this branch processes icmp errors, when IP_RECVERR
841 		 * is broken. */
842 
843 		switch (icp->type) {
844 		case ICMP_ECHO:
845 			/* MUST NOT */
846 			return 1;
847 		case ICMP_SOURCE_QUENCH:
848 		case ICMP_REDIRECT:
849 		case ICMP_DEST_UNREACH:
850 		case ICMP_TIME_EXCEEDED:
851 		case ICMP_PARAMETERPROB:
852 			{
853 				struct iphdr * iph = (struct  iphdr *)(&icp[1]);
854 				struct icmphdr *icp1 = (struct icmphdr*)((unsigned char *)iph + iph->ihl*4);
855 				int error_pkt;
856 				if (cc < 8+sizeof(struct iphdr)+8 ||
857 				    cc < 8+iph->ihl*4+8)
858 					return 1;
859 				if (icp1->type != ICMP_ECHO ||
860 				    iph->daddr != whereto.sin_addr.s_addr ||
861 				    !is_ours(icp1->un.echo.id))
862 					return 1;
863 				error_pkt = (icp->type != ICMP_REDIRECT &&
864 					     icp->type != ICMP_SOURCE_QUENCH);
865 				if (error_pkt) {
866 					acknowledge(ntohs(icp1->un.echo.sequence));
867 					if (working_recverr) {
868 						return 0;
869 					} else {
870 						static int once;
871 						/* Sigh, IP_RECVERR for raw socket
872 						 * was broken until 2.4.9. So, we ignore
873 						 * the first error and warn on the second.
874 						 */
875 						if (once++ == 1)
876 							fprintf(stderr, "\rWARNING: kernel is not very fresh, upgrade is recommended.\n");
877 						if (once == 1)
878 							return 0;
879 					}
880 				}
881 				nerrors+=error_pkt;
882 				if (options&F_QUIET)
883 					return !error_pkt;
884 				if (options & F_FLOOD) {
885 					if (error_pkt)
886 						write_stdout("\bE", 2);
887 					return !error_pkt;
888 				}
889 				print_timestamp();
890 				printf("From %s: icmp_seq=%u ",
891 				       pr_addr(from->sin_addr.s_addr),
892 				       ntohs(icp1->un.echo.sequence));
893 				if (csfailed)
894 					printf("(BAD CHECKSUM)");
895 				pr_icmph(icp->type, icp->code, ntohl(icp->un.gateway), icp);
896 				return !error_pkt;
897 			}
898 		default:
899 			/* MUST NOT */
900 			break;
901 		}
902 		if ((options & F_FLOOD) && !(options & (F_VERBOSE|F_QUIET))) {
903 			if (!csfailed)
904 				write_stdout("!E", 2);
905 			else
906 				write_stdout("!EC", 3);
907 			return 0;
908 		}
909 		if (!(options & F_VERBOSE) || uid)
910 			return 0;
911 		if (options & F_PTIMEOFDAY) {
912 			struct timeval recv_time;
913 			gettimeofday(&recv_time, NULL);
914 			printf("%lu.%06lu ", (unsigned long)recv_time.tv_sec, (unsigned long)recv_time.tv_usec);
915 		}
916 		printf("From %s: ", pr_addr(from->sin_addr.s_addr));
917 		if (csfailed) {
918 			printf("(BAD CHECKSUM)\n");
919 			return 0;
920 		}
921 		pr_icmph(icp->type, icp->code, ntohl(icp->un.gateway), icp);
922 		return 0;
923 	}
924 
925 	if (!(options & F_FLOOD)) {
926 		pr_options(opts, optlen + sizeof(struct iphdr));
927 
928 		if (options & F_AUDIBLE)
929 			putchar('\a');
930 		putchar('\n');
931 		fflush(stdout);
932 	} else {
933 		putchar('\a');
934 		fflush(stdout);
935 	}
936 	return 0;
937 }
938 
939 
940 #if BYTE_ORDER == LITTLE_ENDIAN
941 # define ODDBYTE(v)	(v)
942 #elif BYTE_ORDER == BIG_ENDIAN
943 # define ODDBYTE(v)	((u_short)(v) << 8)
944 #else
945 # define ODDBYTE(v)	htons((u_short)(v) << 8)
946 #endif
947 
948 u_short
in_cksum(const u_short * addr,register int len,u_short csum)949 in_cksum(const u_short *addr, register int len, u_short csum)
950 {
951 	register int nleft = len;
952 	const u_short *w = addr;
953 	register u_short answer;
954 	register int sum = csum;
955 
956 	/*
957 	 *  Our algorithm is simple, using a 32 bit accumulator (sum),
958 	 *  we add sequential 16 bit words to it, and at the end, fold
959 	 *  back all the carry bits from the top 16 bits into the lower
960 	 *  16 bits.
961 	 */
962 	while (nleft > 1)  {
963 		sum += *w++;
964 		nleft -= 2;
965 	}
966 
967 	/* mop up an odd byte, if necessary */
968 	if (nleft == 1)
969 		sum += ODDBYTE(*(u_char *)w); /* le16toh() may be unavailable on old systems */
970 
971 	/*
972 	 * add back carry outs from top 16 bits to low 16 bits
973 	 */
974 	sum = (sum >> 16) + (sum & 0xffff);	/* add hi 16 to low 16 */
975 	sum += (sum >> 16);			/* add carry */
976 	answer = ~sum;				/* truncate to 16 bits */
977 	return (answer);
978 }
979 
980 /*
981  * pr_icmph --
982  *	Print a descriptive string about an ICMP header.
983  */
pr_icmph(__u8 type,__u8 code,__u32 info,struct icmphdr * icp)984 void pr_icmph(__u8 type, __u8 code, __u32 info, struct icmphdr *icp)
985 {
986 	switch(type) {
987 	case ICMP_ECHOREPLY:
988 		printf("Echo Reply\n");
989 		/* XXX ID + Seq + Data */
990 		break;
991 	case ICMP_DEST_UNREACH:
992 		switch(code) {
993 		case ICMP_NET_UNREACH:
994 			printf("Destination Net Unreachable\n");
995 			break;
996 		case ICMP_HOST_UNREACH:
997 			printf("Destination Host Unreachable\n");
998 			break;
999 		case ICMP_PROT_UNREACH:
1000 			printf("Destination Protocol Unreachable\n");
1001 			break;
1002 		case ICMP_PORT_UNREACH:
1003 			printf("Destination Port Unreachable\n");
1004 			break;
1005 		case ICMP_FRAG_NEEDED:
1006 			printf("Frag needed and DF set (mtu = %u)\n", info);
1007 			break;
1008 		case ICMP_SR_FAILED:
1009 			printf("Source Route Failed\n");
1010 			break;
1011 		case ICMP_NET_UNKNOWN:
1012 			printf("Destination Net Unknown\n");
1013 			break;
1014 		case ICMP_HOST_UNKNOWN:
1015 			printf("Destination Host Unknown\n");
1016 			break;
1017 		case ICMP_HOST_ISOLATED:
1018 			printf("Source Host Isolated\n");
1019 			break;
1020 		case ICMP_NET_ANO:
1021 			printf("Destination Net Prohibited\n");
1022 			break;
1023 		case ICMP_HOST_ANO:
1024 			printf("Destination Host Prohibited\n");
1025 			break;
1026 		case ICMP_NET_UNR_TOS:
1027 			printf("Destination Net Unreachable for Type of Service\n");
1028 			break;
1029 		case ICMP_HOST_UNR_TOS:
1030 			printf("Destination Host Unreachable for Type of Service\n");
1031 			break;
1032 		case ICMP_PKT_FILTERED:
1033 			printf("Packet filtered\n");
1034 			break;
1035 		case ICMP_PREC_VIOLATION:
1036 			printf("Precedence Violation\n");
1037 			break;
1038 		case ICMP_PREC_CUTOFF:
1039 			printf("Precedence Cutoff\n");
1040 			break;
1041 		default:
1042 			printf("Dest Unreachable, Bad Code: %d\n", code);
1043 			break;
1044 		}
1045 		if (icp && (options & F_VERBOSE))
1046 			pr_iph((struct iphdr*)(icp + 1));
1047 		break;
1048 	case ICMP_SOURCE_QUENCH:
1049 		printf("Source Quench\n");
1050 		if (icp && (options & F_VERBOSE))
1051 			pr_iph((struct iphdr*)(icp + 1));
1052 		break;
1053 	case ICMP_REDIRECT:
1054 		switch(code) {
1055 		case ICMP_REDIR_NET:
1056 			printf("Redirect Network");
1057 			break;
1058 		case ICMP_REDIR_HOST:
1059 			printf("Redirect Host");
1060 			break;
1061 		case ICMP_REDIR_NETTOS:
1062 			printf("Redirect Type of Service and Network");
1063 			break;
1064 		case ICMP_REDIR_HOSTTOS:
1065 			printf("Redirect Type of Service and Host");
1066 			break;
1067 		default:
1068 			printf("Redirect, Bad Code: %d", code);
1069 			break;
1070 		}
1071 		printf("(New nexthop: %s)\n", pr_addr(icp ? icp->un.gateway : info));
1072 		if (icp && (options & F_VERBOSE))
1073 			pr_iph((struct iphdr*)(icp + 1));
1074 		break;
1075 	case ICMP_ECHO:
1076 		printf("Echo Request\n");
1077 		/* XXX ID + Seq + Data */
1078 		break;
1079 	case ICMP_TIME_EXCEEDED:
1080 		switch(code) {
1081 		case ICMP_EXC_TTL:
1082 			printf("Time to live exceeded\n");
1083 			break;
1084 		case ICMP_EXC_FRAGTIME:
1085 			printf("Frag reassembly time exceeded\n");
1086 			break;
1087 		default:
1088 			printf("Time exceeded, Bad Code: %d\n", code);
1089 			break;
1090 		}
1091 		if (icp && (options & F_VERBOSE))
1092 			pr_iph((struct iphdr*)(icp + 1));
1093 		break;
1094 	case ICMP_PARAMETERPROB:
1095 		printf("Parameter problem: pointer = %u\n", icp ? (ntohl(icp->un.gateway)>>24) : info);
1096 		if (icp && (options & F_VERBOSE))
1097 			pr_iph((struct iphdr*)(icp + 1));
1098 		break;
1099 	case ICMP_TIMESTAMP:
1100 		printf("Timestamp\n");
1101 		/* XXX ID + Seq + 3 timestamps */
1102 		break;
1103 	case ICMP_TIMESTAMPREPLY:
1104 		printf("Timestamp Reply\n");
1105 		/* XXX ID + Seq + 3 timestamps */
1106 		break;
1107 	case ICMP_INFO_REQUEST:
1108 		printf("Information Request\n");
1109 		/* XXX ID + Seq */
1110 		break;
1111 	case ICMP_INFO_REPLY:
1112 		printf("Information Reply\n");
1113 		/* XXX ID + Seq */
1114 		break;
1115 #ifdef ICMP_MASKREQ
1116 	case ICMP_MASKREQ:
1117 		printf("Address Mask Request\n");
1118 		break;
1119 #endif
1120 #ifdef ICMP_MASKREPLY
1121 	case ICMP_MASKREPLY:
1122 		printf("Address Mask Reply\n");
1123 		break;
1124 #endif
1125 	default:
1126 		printf("Bad ICMP type: %d\n", type);
1127 	}
1128 }
1129 
pr_options(unsigned char * cp,int hlen)1130 void pr_options(unsigned char * cp, int hlen)
1131 {
1132 	int i, j;
1133 	int optlen, totlen;
1134 	unsigned char * optptr;
1135 	static int old_rrlen;
1136 	static char old_rr[MAX_IPOPTLEN];
1137 
1138 	totlen = hlen-sizeof(struct iphdr);
1139 	optptr = cp;
1140 
1141 	while (totlen > 0) {
1142 		if (*optptr == IPOPT_EOL)
1143 			break;
1144 		if (*optptr == IPOPT_NOP) {
1145 			totlen--;
1146 			optptr++;
1147 			printf("\nNOP");
1148 			continue;
1149 		}
1150 		cp = optptr;
1151 		optlen = optptr[1];
1152 		if (optlen < 2 || optlen > totlen)
1153 			break;
1154 
1155 		switch (*cp) {
1156 		case IPOPT_SSRR:
1157 		case IPOPT_LSRR:
1158 			printf("\n%cSRR: ", *cp==IPOPT_SSRR ? 'S' : 'L');
1159 			j = *++cp;
1160 			i = *++cp;
1161 			i -= 4;
1162 			cp++;
1163 			if (j > IPOPT_MINOFF) {
1164 				for (;;) {
1165 					__u32 address;
1166 					memcpy(&address, cp, 4);
1167 					cp += 4;
1168 					if (address == 0)
1169 						printf("\t0.0.0.0");
1170 					else
1171 						printf("\t%s", pr_addr(address));
1172 					j -= 4;
1173 					putchar('\n');
1174 					if (j <= IPOPT_MINOFF)
1175 						break;
1176 				}
1177 			}
1178 			break;
1179 		case IPOPT_RR:
1180 			j = *++cp;		/* get length */
1181 			i = *++cp;		/* and pointer */
1182 			if (i > j)
1183 				i = j;
1184 			i -= IPOPT_MINOFF;
1185 			if (i <= 0)
1186 				break;
1187 			if (i == old_rrlen
1188 			    && !memcmp(cp, old_rr, i)
1189 			    && !(options & F_FLOOD)) {
1190 				printf("\t(same route)");
1191 				i = ((i + 3) / 4) * 4;
1192 				cp += i;
1193 				break;
1194 			}
1195 			old_rrlen = i;
1196 			memcpy(old_rr, (char *)cp, i);
1197 			printf("\nRR: ");
1198 			cp++;
1199 			for (;;) {
1200 				__u32 address;
1201 				memcpy(&address, cp, 4);
1202 				cp += 4;
1203 				if (address == 0)
1204 					printf("\t0.0.0.0");
1205 				else
1206 					printf("\t%s", pr_addr(address));
1207 				i -= 4;
1208 				putchar('\n');
1209 				if (i <= 0)
1210 					break;
1211 			}
1212 			break;
1213 		case IPOPT_TS:
1214 		{
1215 			int stdtime = 0, nonstdtime = 0;
1216 			__u8 flags;
1217 			j = *++cp;		/* get length */
1218 			i = *++cp;		/* and pointer */
1219 			if (i > j)
1220 				i = j;
1221 			i -= 5;
1222 			if (i <= 0)
1223 				break;
1224 			flags = *++cp;
1225 			printf("\nTS: ");
1226 			cp++;
1227 			for (;;) {
1228 				long l;
1229 
1230 				if ((flags&0xF) != IPOPT_TS_TSONLY) {
1231 					__u32 address;
1232 					memcpy(&address, cp, 4);
1233 					cp += 4;
1234 					if (address == 0)
1235 						printf("\t0.0.0.0");
1236 					else
1237 						printf("\t%s", pr_addr(address));
1238 					i -= 4;
1239 					if (i <= 0)
1240 						break;
1241 				}
1242 				l = *cp++;
1243 				l = (l<<8) + *cp++;
1244 				l = (l<<8) + *cp++;
1245 				l = (l<<8) + *cp++;
1246 
1247 				if  (l & 0x80000000) {
1248 					if (nonstdtime==0)
1249 						printf("\t%ld absolute not-standard", l&0x7fffffff);
1250 					else
1251 						printf("\t%ld not-standard", (l&0x7fffffff) - nonstdtime);
1252 					nonstdtime = l&0x7fffffff;
1253 				} else {
1254 					if (stdtime==0)
1255 						printf("\t%ld absolute", l);
1256 					else
1257 						printf("\t%ld", l - stdtime);
1258 					stdtime = l;
1259 				}
1260 				i -= 4;
1261 				putchar('\n');
1262 				if (i <= 0)
1263 					break;
1264 			}
1265 			if (flags>>4)
1266 				printf("Unrecorded hops: %d\n", flags>>4);
1267 			break;
1268 		}
1269 		default:
1270 			printf("\nunknown option %x", *cp);
1271 			break;
1272 		}
1273 		totlen -= optlen;
1274 		optptr += optlen;
1275 	}
1276 }
1277 
1278 
1279 /*
1280  * pr_iph --
1281  *	Print an IP header with options.
1282  */
pr_iph(struct iphdr * ip)1283 void pr_iph(struct iphdr *ip)
1284 {
1285 	int hlen;
1286 	u_char *cp;
1287 
1288 	hlen = ip->ihl << 2;
1289 	cp = (u_char *)ip + 20;		/* point to options */
1290 
1291 	printf("Vr HL TOS  Len   ID Flg  off TTL Pro  cks      Src      Dst Data\n");
1292 	printf(" %1x  %1x  %02x %04x %04x",
1293 	       ip->version, ip->ihl, ip->tos, ip->tot_len, ip->id);
1294 	printf("   %1x %04x", ((ip->frag_off) & 0xe000) >> 13,
1295 	       (ip->frag_off) & 0x1fff);
1296 	printf("  %02x  %02x %04x", ip->ttl, ip->protocol, ip->check);
1297 	printf(" %s ", inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&ip->saddr));
1298 	printf(" %s ", inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&ip->daddr));
1299 	printf("\n");
1300 	pr_options(cp, hlen);
1301 }
1302 
1303 /*
1304  * pr_addr --
1305  *	Return an ascii host address as a dotted quad and optionally with
1306  * a hostname.
1307  */
1308 char *
pr_addr(__u32 addr)1309 pr_addr(__u32 addr)
1310 {
1311 	struct hostent *hp;
1312 	static char buf[4096];
1313 
1314 	in_pr_addr = !setjmp(pr_addr_jmp);
1315 
1316 	if (exiting || (options & F_NUMERIC) ||
1317 	    !(hp = gethostbyaddr((char *)&addr, 4, AF_INET)))
1318 		sprintf(buf, "%s", inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&addr));
1319 	else {
1320 		char *s;
1321 #if USE_IDN
1322 		if (idna_to_unicode_lzlz(hp->h_name, &s, 0) != IDNA_SUCCESS)
1323 			s = NULL;
1324 #else
1325 		s = NULL;
1326 #endif
1327 		snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s (%s)", s ? s : hp->h_name,
1328 			 inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&addr));
1329 #if USE_IDN
1330 		free(s);
1331 #endif
1332 	}
1333 
1334 	in_pr_addr = 0;
1335 
1336 	return(buf);
1337 }
1338 
1339 
1340 /* Set Type of Service (TOS) and other Quality of Service relating bits */
parsetos(char * str)1341 int parsetos(char *str)
1342 {
1343 	const char *cp;
1344 	int tos;
1345 	char *ep;
1346 
1347 	/* handle both hex and decimal values */
1348 	if (str[0] == '0' && (str[1] == 'x' || str[1] == 'X')) {
1349 		cp = str + 2;
1350 		tos = (int)strtol(cp, &ep, 16);
1351 	} else
1352 		tos = (int)strtol(str, &ep, 10);
1353 
1354 	/* doesn't look like decimal or hex, eh? */
1355 	if (*ep != '\0') {
1356 		fprintf(stderr, "ping: \"%s\" bad value for TOS\n", str);
1357 		exit(2);
1358 	}
1359 
1360 	if (tos > TOS_MAX) {
1361 		fprintf(stderr, "ping: the decimal value of TOS bits must be 0-254 (or zero)\n");
1362 		exit(2);
1363 	}
1364 	return(tos);
1365 }
1366 
1367 #include <linux/filter.h>
1368 
install_filter(void)1369 void install_filter(void)
1370 {
1371 	static int once;
1372 	static struct sock_filter insns[] = {
1373 		BPF_STMT(BPF_LDX|BPF_B|BPF_MSH, 0), /* Skip IP header. F..g BSD... Look into ping6. */
1374 		BPF_STMT(BPF_LD|BPF_H|BPF_IND, 4), /* Load icmp echo ident */
1375 		BPF_JUMP(BPF_JMP|BPF_JEQ|BPF_K, 0xAAAA, 0, 1), /* Ours? */
1376 		BPF_STMT(BPF_RET|BPF_K, ~0U), /* Yes, it passes. */
1377 		BPF_STMT(BPF_LD|BPF_B|BPF_IND, 0), /* Load icmp type */
1378 		BPF_JUMP(BPF_JMP|BPF_JEQ|BPF_K, ICMP_ECHOREPLY, 1, 0), /* Echo? */
1379 		BPF_STMT(BPF_RET|BPF_K, 0xFFFFFFF), /* No. It passes. */
1380 		BPF_STMT(BPF_RET|BPF_K, 0) /* Echo with wrong ident. Reject. */
1381 	};
1382 	static struct sock_fprog filter = {
1383 		sizeof insns / sizeof(insns[0]),
1384 		insns
1385 	};
1386 
1387 	if (once || using_ping_socket)
1388 		return;
1389 	once = 1;
1390 
1391 	/* Patch bpflet for current identifier. */
1392 	insns[2] = (struct sock_filter)BPF_JUMP(BPF_JMP|BPF_JEQ|BPF_K, htons(ident), 0, 1);
1393 
1394 	if (setsockopt(icmp_sock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_ATTACH_FILTER, &filter, sizeof(filter)))
1395 		perror("WARNING: failed to install socket filter\n");
1396 }
1397 
1398 #define USAGE_NEWLINE	"\n           "
1399 
usage(void)1400 void usage(void)
1401 {
1402 	fprintf(stderr,
1403 		"Usage: ping"
1404 		" [-"
1405 			"aAbBdDfhLnOqrRUvV"
1406 		"]"
1407 		" [-c count]"
1408 		" [-i interval]"
1409 		" [-I interface]"
1410 		USAGE_NEWLINE
1411 		" [-m mark]"
1412 		" [-M pmtudisc_option]"
1413 		" [-l preload]"
1414 		" [-p pattern]"
1415 		" [-Q tos]"
1416 		USAGE_NEWLINE
1417 		" [-s packetsize]"
1418 		" [-S sndbuf]"
1419 		" [-t ttl]"
1420 		" [-T timestamp_option]"
1421 		USAGE_NEWLINE
1422 		" [-w deadline]"
1423 		" [-W timeout]"
1424 		" [hop1 ...] destination"
1425 		"\n"
1426 	);
1427 	exit(2);
1428 }
1429