xref: /frameworks/base/docs/html/training/basics/intents/sending.jd

page.title=Sending the User to Another App
parent.title=Interacting with Other Apps
parent.link=index.html

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next.title=Getting a Result from an Activity
next.link=result.html

@jd:body


<div id="tb-wrapper">
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<h2>This lesson teaches you to</h2>
<ol>
  <li><a href="#Build">Build an Implicit Intent</a></li>
  <li><a href="#Verify">Verify There is an App to Receive the Intent</a></li>
  <li><a href="#StartActivity">Start an Activity with the Intent</a></li>
  <li><a href="#AppChooser">Show an App Chooser</a></li>
</ol>

<h2>You should also read</h2>
<ul>
    <li><a href="{@docRoot}training/sharing/index.html">Sharing Simple Data</a></li>
</ul>

  </div>
</div>

<p>One of Android's most important features is an app's ability to send the user to another app
based on an "action" it would like to perform. For example, if
your app has the address of a business that you'd like to show on a map, you don't have to build
an activity in your app that shows a map. Instead, you can create a request to view the address
using an {@link android.content.Intent}. The Android system then starts an app that's able to show
the address on a map.</p>

<p>As explained in the first class, <a href="{@docRoot}training/basics/firstapp/index.html">Building
Your First App</a>, you must use intents to navigate between activities in your own app. You
generally do so with an <em>explicit intent</em>, which defines the exact class name of the
component you want to start. However, when you want to have a separate app perform an action, such
as "view a map," you must use an <em>implicit intent</em>.</p>

<p>This lesson shows you how to create an implicit intent for a particular action, and how to use it
to start an activity that performs the action in another app.</p>



<h2 id="Build">Build an Implicit Intent</h2>

<p>Implicit intents do not declare the class name of the component to start, but instead declare an
action to perform. The action specifies the thing you want to do, such as <em>view</em>,
<em>edit</em>, <em>send</em>, or <em>get</em> something. Intents often also include data associated
with the action, such as the address you want to view, or the email message you want to send.
Depending on the intent you want to create, the data might be a {@link android.net.Uri},
one of several other data types, or the intent might not need data at all.</p>

<p>If your data is a {@link android.net.Uri}, there's a simple {@link
android.content.Intent#Intent(String,Uri) Intent()} constructor you can use define the action and
data.</p>

<p>For example, here's how to create an intent to initiate a phone call using the {@link
android.net.Uri} data to specify the telephone number:</p>

<pre>
Uri number = Uri.parse("tel:5551234");
Intent callIntent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_DIAL, number);
</pre>

<p>When your app invokes this intent by calling {@link android.app.Activity#startActivity
startActivity()}, the Phone app initiates a call to the given phone number.</p>

<p>Here are a couple other intents and their action and {@link android.net.Uri} data
pairs:</p>

<ul>
  <li>View a map:
<pre>
// Map point based on address
Uri location = Uri.parse("geo:0,0?q=1600+Amphitheatre+Parkway,+Mountain+View,+California");
// Or map point based on latitude/longitude
// Uri location = Uri.parse("geo:37.422219,-122.08364?z=14"); // z param is zoom level
Intent mapIntent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW, location);
</pre>
  </li>
  <li>View a web page:
<pre>
Uri webpage = Uri.parse("http://www.android.com");
Intent webIntent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW, webpage);
</pre>
  </li>
</ul>

<p>Other kinds of implicit intents require "extra" data that provide different data types,
such as a string. You can add one or more pieces of extra data using the various {@link
android.content.Intent#putExtra(String,String) putExtra()} methods.</p>

<p>By default, the system determines the appropriate MIME type required by an intent based on the
{@link android.net.Uri} data that's included. If you don't include a {@link android.net.Uri} in the
intent, you should usually use {@link android.content.Intent#setType setType()} to specify the type
of data associated with the intent. Setting the MIME type further specifies which kinds of
activities should receive the intent.</p>

<p>Here are some more intents that add extra data to specify the desired action:</p>

<ul>
  <li>Send an email with an attachment:
<pre>
Intent emailIntent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SEND);
// The intent does not have a URI, so declare the "text/plain" MIME type
emailIntent.setType(HTTP.PLAIN_TEXT_TYPE);
emailIntent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_EMAIL, new String[] {"jon@example.com"}); // recipients
emailIntent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_SUBJECT, "Email subject");
emailIntent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_TEXT, "Email message text");
emailIntent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_STREAM, Uri.parse("content://path/to/email/attachment"));
// You can also attach multiple items by passing an ArrayList of Uris
</pre>
  </li>
  <li>Create a calendar event:
<pre>
Intent calendarIntent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_INSERT, Events.CONTENT_URI);
Calendar beginTime = Calendar.getInstance().set(2012, 0, 19, 7, 30);
Calendar endTime = Calendar.getInstance().set(2012, 0, 19, 10, 30);
calendarIntent.putExtra(CalendarContract.EXTRA_EVENT_BEGIN_TIME, beginTime.getTimeInMillis());
calendarIntent.putExtra(CalendarContract.EXTRA_EVENT_END_TIME, endTime.getTimeInMillis());
calendarIntent.putExtra(Events.TITLE, "Ninja class");
calendarIntent.putExtra(Events.EVENT_LOCATION, "Secret dojo");
</pre>
<p class="note"><strong>Note:</strong> This intent for a calendar event is supported only with API
level 14 and higher.</p>
  </li>
</ul>

<p class="note"><strong>Note:</strong> It's important that you define your {@link
android.content.Intent} to be as specific as possible. For example, if you want to display an image
using the {@link android.content.Intent#ACTION_VIEW} intent, you should specify a MIME type of
{@code image/*}. This prevents apps that can "view" other types of data (like a map app) from being
triggered by the intent.</p>



<h2 id="Verify">Verify There is an App to Receive the Intent</h2>

<p>Although the Android platform guarantees that certain intents will resolve to one of the
built-in apps (such as the Phone, Email, or Calendar app), you should always include a
verification step before invoking an intent.</p>

<p class="caution"><strong>Caution:</strong> If you invoke an intent and there is no app
available on the device that can handle the intent, your app will crash.</p>

<p>To verify there is an activity available that can respond to the intent, call {@link
android.content.pm.PackageManager#queryIntentActivities queryIntentActivities()} to get a list
of activities capable of handling your {@link android.content.Intent}. If the returned {@link
java.util.List} is not empty, you can safely use the intent. For example:</p>

<pre>
PackageManager packageManager = {@link android.content.Context#getPackageManager()};
List&lt;ResolveInfo> activities = packageManager.queryIntentActivities(intent, 0);
boolean isIntentSafe = activities.size() > 0;
</pre>

<p>If <code>isIntentSafe</code> is <code>true</code>, then at least one app will respond to
the intent. If it is <code>false</code>, then there aren't any apps to handle the intent.</p>

<p class="note"><strong>Note:</strong> You should perform this check when your activity first
starts in case you need to disable the feature that uses the intent before the user attempts to use
it. If you know of a specific app that can handle the intent, you can also provide a link for the
user to download the app (see how to <a
href="{@docRoot}distribute/tools/promote/linking.html">link to your product on Google
Play</a>).</p>


<h2 id="StartActivity">Start an Activity with the Intent</h2>

<div class="figure" style="width:200px;margin-top:-10px">
  <img src="{@docRoot}images/training/basics/intents-choice.png" alt="" />
  <p class="img-caption"><strong>Figure 1.</strong> Example of the selection dialog that appears
when more than one app can handle an intent.</p>
</div>

<p>Once you have created your {@link android.content.Intent} and set the extra info, call {@link
android.app.Activity#startActivity startActivity()} to send it to the system. If the system
identifies more than one activity that can handle the intent, it displays a dialog for the user to
select which app to use, as shown in figure 1. If there is only one activity that handles the
intent, the system immediately starts it.</p>

<pre>
startActivity(intent);
</pre>

<p>Here's a complete example that shows how to create an intent to view a map, verify that an
app exists to handle the intent, then start it:</p>

<pre>
// Build the intent
Uri location = Uri.parse("geo:0,0?q=1600+Amphitheatre+Parkway,+Mountain+View,+California");
Intent mapIntent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW, location);

// Verify it resolves
PackageManager packageManager = {@link android.content.Context#getPackageManager()};
List&lt;ResolveInfo> activities = packageManager.queryIntentActivities(mapIntent, 0);
boolean isIntentSafe = activities.size() > 0;

// Start an activity if it's safe
if (isIntentSafe) {
    startActivity(mapIntent);
}
</pre>



<h2 id="AppChooser">Show an App Chooser</h2>

<div class="figure" style="width:200px;margin-top:-10px">
  <img src="{@docRoot}images/training/basics/intent-chooser.png" alt="" />
  <p class="img-caption"><strong>Figure 2.</strong> A chooser dialog.</p>
</div>

<p>Notice that when you start an activity by passing your {@link android.content.Intent} to {@link
android.app.Activity#startActivity startActivity()} and there is more than one app that responds to
the intent, the user can select which app to use by default (by selecting a checkbox at the bottom
of the dialog; see figure 1). This is nice when performing an action for which the user
generally wants to use the same app every time, such as when opening a web page (users
likely use just one web browser) or taking a photo (users likely prefer one camera).</p>

<p>However, if the action to be performed could be handled by multiple apps and the user might
prefer a different app each time&mdash;such as a "share" action, for which users might have several
apps through which they might share an item&mdash;you should explicitly show a chooser dialog
as shown in figure 2. The chooser dialog
forces the user to select which app to use for the action every time (the user cannot select a
default app for the action).</p>

<p>To show the chooser, create an {@link android.content.Intent} using {@link
android.content.Intent#createChooser createChooser()} and pass it to {@link
android.app.Activity#startActivity startActivity()}. For example:</p>

<pre>
Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SEND);
...

// Always use string resources for UI text.
// This says something like "Share this photo with"
String title = getResources().getString(R.string.chooser_title);
// Create intent to show chooser
Intent chooser = Intent.createChooser(intent, title);

// Verify the intent will resolve to at least one activity
if (intent.resolveActivity(getPackageManager()) != null) {
    startActivity(chooser);
}
</pre>

<p>This displays a dialog with a list of apps that respond to the intent passed to the {@link
android.content.Intent#createChooser createChooser()} method and uses the supplied text as the
dialog title.</p>