1 GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE 2 Version 2.1, February 1999 3 4 Copyright (C) 1991, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 5 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA 6 Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies 7 of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. 8 9[This is the first released version of the Lesser GPL. It also counts 10 as the successor of the GNU Library Public License, version 2, hence 11 the version number 2.1.] 12 13 Preamble 14 15 The licenses for most software are designed to take away your 16freedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public 17Licenses are intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change 18free software--to make sure the software is free for all its users. 19 20 This license, the Lesser General Public License, applies to some 21specially designated software packages--typically libraries--of the 22Free Software Foundation and other authors who decide to use it. You 23can use it too, but we suggest you first think carefully about whether 24this license or the ordinary General Public License is the better 25strategy to use in any particular case, based on the explanations below. 26 27 When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom of use, 28not price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that 29you have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge 30for this service if you wish); that you receive source code or can get 31it if you want it; that you can change the software and use pieces of 32it in new free programs; and that you are informed that you can do 33these things. 34 35 To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid 36distributors to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender these 37rights. These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for 38you if you distribute copies of the library or if you modify it. 39 40 For example, if you distribute copies of the library, whether gratis 41or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that we gave 42you. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the source 43code. If you link other code with the library, you must provide 44complete object files to the recipients, so that they can relink them 45with the library after making changes to the library and recompiling 46it. And you must show them these terms so they know their rights. 47 48 We protect your rights with a two-step method: (1) we copyright the 49library, and (2) we offer you this license, which gives you legal 50permission to copy, distribute and/or modify the library. 51 52 To protect each distributor, we want to make it very clear that 53there is no warranty for the free library. Also, if the library is 54modified by someone else and passed on, the recipients should know 55that what they have is not the original version, so that the original 56author's reputation will not be affected by problems that might be 57introduced by others. 58 59 60 61 Finally, software patents pose a constant threat to the existence of 62any free program. We wish to make sure that a company cannot 63effectively restrict the users of a free program by obtaining a 64restrictive license from a patent holder. Therefore, we insist that 65any patent license obtained for a version of the library must be 66consistent with the full freedom of use specified in this license. 67 68 Most GNU software, including some libraries, is covered by the 69ordinary GNU General Public License. This license, the GNU Lesser 70General Public License, applies to certain designated libraries, and 71is quite different from the ordinary General Public License. We use 72this license for certain libraries in order to permit linking those 73libraries into non-free programs. 74 75 When a program is linked with a library, whether statically or using 76a shared library, the combination of the two is legally speaking a 77combined work, a derivative of the original library. The ordinary 78General Public License therefore permits such linking only if the 79entire combination fits its criteria of freedom. The Lesser General 80Public License permits more lax criteria for linking other code with 81the library. 82 83 We call this license the "Lesser" General Public License because it 84does Less to protect the user's freedom than the ordinary General 85Public License. It also provides other free software developers Less 86of an advantage over competing non-free programs. These disadvantages 87are the reason we use the ordinary General Public License for many 88libraries. However, the Lesser license provides advantages in certain 89special circumstances. 90 91 For example, on rare occasions, there may be a special need to 92encourage the widest possible use of a certain library, so that it becomes 93a de-facto standard. To achieve this, non-free programs must be 94allowed to use the library. A more frequent case is that a free 95library does the same job as widely used non-free libraries. In this 96case, there is little to gain by limiting the free library to free 97software only, so we use the Lesser General Public License. 98 99 In other cases, permission to use a particular library in non-free 100programs enables a greater number of people to use a large body of 101free software. For example, permission to use the GNU C Library in 102non-free programs enables many more people to use the whole GNU 103operating system, as well as its variant, the GNU/Linux operating 104system. 105 106 Although the Lesser General Public License is Less protective of the 107users' freedom, it does ensure that the user of a program that is 108linked with the Library has the freedom and the wherewithal to run 109that program using a modified version of the Library. 110 111 The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and 112modification follow. Pay close attention to the difference between a 113"work based on the library" and a "work that uses the library". The 114former contains code derived from the library, whereas the latter must 115be combined with the library in order to run. 116 117 118 119 GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE 120 TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION 121 122 0. This License Agreement applies to any software library or other 123program which contains a notice placed by the copyright holder or 124other authorized party saying it may be distributed under the terms of 125this Lesser General Public License (also called "this License"). 126Each licensee is addressed as "you". 127 128 A "library" means a collection of software functions and/or data 129prepared so as to be conveniently linked with application programs 130(which use some of those functions and data) to form executables. 131 132 The "Library", below, refers to any such software library or work 133which has been distributed under these terms. A "work based on the 134Library" means either the Library or any derivative work under 135copyright law: that is to say, a work containing the Library or a 136portion of it, either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated 137straightforwardly into another language. (Hereinafter, translation is 138included without limitation in the term "modification".) 139 140 "Source code" for a work means the preferred form of the work for 141making modifications to it. For a library, complete source code means 142all the source code for all modules it contains, plus any associated 143interface definition files, plus the scripts used to control compilation 144and installation of the library. 145 146 Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not 147covered by this License; they are outside its scope. The act of 148running a program using the Library is not restricted, and output from 149such a program is covered only if its contents constitute a work based 150on the Library (independent of the use of the Library in a tool for 151writing it). Whether that is true depends on what the Library does 152and what the program that uses the Library does. 153 154 1. You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Library's 155complete source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that 156you conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an 157appropriate copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact 158all the notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any 159warranty; and distribute a copy of this License along with the 160Library. 161 You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy, 162and you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a 163fee. 164 165 2. You may modify your copy or copies of the Library or any portion 166of it, thus forming a work based on the Library, and copy and 167distribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1 168above, provided that you also meet all of these conditions: 169 170 a) The modified work must itself be a software library. 171 172 b) You must cause the files modified to carry prominent notices 173 stating that you changed the files and the date of any change. 174 175 c) You must cause the whole of the work to be licensed at no 176 charge to all third parties under the terms of this License. 177 178 d) If a facility in the modified Library refers to a function or a 179 table of data to be supplied by an application program that uses 180 the facility, other than as an argument passed when the facility 181 is invoked, then you must make a good faith effort to ensure that, 182 in the event an application does not supply such function or 183 table, the facility still operates, and performs whatever part of 184 its purpose remains meaningful. 185 186 (For example, a function in a library to compute square roots has 187 a purpose that is entirely well-defined independent of the 188 application. Therefore, Subsection 2d requires that any 189 application-supplied function or table used by this function must 190 be optional: if the application does not supply it, the square 191 root function must still compute square roots.) 192 193These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If 194identifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Library, 195and can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in 196themselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply to those 197sections when you distribute them as separate works. But when you 198distribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based 199on the Library, the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of 200this License, whose permissions for other licensees extend to the 201entire whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote 202it. 203 204Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest 205your rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to 206exercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or 207collective works based on the Library. 208 209In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Library 210with the Library (or with a work based on the Library) on a volume of 211a storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under 212the scope of this License. 213 214 3. You may opt to apply the terms of the ordinary GNU General Public 215License instead of this License to a given copy of the Library. To do 216this, you must alter all the notices that refer to this License, so 217that they refer to the ordinary GNU General Public License, version 2, 218instead of to this License. (If a newer version than version 2 of the 219ordinary GNU General Public License has appeared, then you can specify 220that version instead if you wish.) Do not make any other change in 221these notices. 222 223 Once this change is made in a given copy, it is irreversible for 224that copy, so the ordinary GNU General Public License applies to all 225subsequent copies and derivative works made from that copy. 226 227 This option is useful when you wish to copy part of the code of 228the Library into a program that is not a library. 229 230 4. You may copy and distribute the Library (or a portion or 231derivative of it, under Section 2) in object code or executable form 232under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you accompany 233it with the complete corresponding machine-readable source code, which 234must be distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a 235medium customarily used for software interchange. 236 237 If distribution of object code is made by offering access to copy 238from a designated place, then offering equivalent access to copy the 239source code from the same place satisfies the requirement to 240distribute the source code, even though third parties are not 241compelled to copy the source along with the object code. 242 243 5. A program that contains no derivative of any portion of the 244Library, but is designed to work with the Library by being compiled or 245linked with it, is called a "work that uses the Library". Such a 246work, in isolation, is not a derivative work of the Library, and 247therefore falls outside the scope of this License. 248 249 However, linking a "work that uses the Library" with the Library 250creates an executable that is a derivative of the Library (because it 251contains portions of the Library), rather than a "work that uses the 252library". The executable is therefore covered by this License. 253Section 6 states terms for distribution of such executables. 254 255 When a "work that uses the Library" uses material from a header file 256that is part of the Library, the object code for the work may be a 257derivative work of the Library even though the source code is not. 258Whether this is true is especially significant if the work can be 259linked without the Library, or if the work is itself a library. The 260threshold for this to be true is not precisely defined by law. 261 262 If such an object file uses only numerical parameters, data 263structure layouts and accessors, and small macros and small inline 264functions (ten lines or less in length), then the use of the object 265file is unrestricted, regardless of whether it is legally a derivative 266work. (Executables containing this object code plus portions of the 267Library will still fall under Section 6.) 268 269 Otherwise, if the work is a derivative of the Library, you may 270distribute the object code for the work under the terms of Section 6. 271Any executables containing that work also fall under Section 6, 272whether or not they are linked directly with the Library itself. 273 274 6. As an exception to the Sections above, you may also combine or 275link a "work that uses the Library" with the Library to produce a 276work containing portions of the Library, and distribute that work 277under terms of your choice, provided that the terms permit 278modification of the work for the customer's own use and reverse 279engineering for debugging such modifications. 280 281 You must give prominent notice with each copy of the work that the 282Library is used in it and that the Library and its use are covered by 283this License. You must supply a copy of this License. If the work 284during execution displays copyright notices, you must include the 285copyright notice for the Library among them, as well as a reference 286directing the user to the copy of this License. Also, you must do one 287of these things: 288 289 a) Accompany the work with the complete corresponding 290 machine-readable source code for the Library including whatever 291 changes were used in the work (which must be distributed under 292 Sections 1 and 2 above); and, if the work is an executable linked 293 with the Library, with the complete machine-readable "work that 294 uses the Library", as object code and/or source code, so that the 295 user can modify the Library and then relink to produce a modified 296 executable containing the modified Library. (It is understood 297 that the user who changes the contents of definitions files in the 298 Library will not necessarily be able to recompile the application 299 to use the modified definitions.) 300 301 b) Use a suitable shared library mechanism for linking with the 302 Library. A suitable mechanism is one that (1) uses at run time a 303 copy of the library already present on the user's computer system, 304 rather than copying library functions into the executable, and (2) 305 will operate properly with a modified version of the library, if 306 the user installs one, as long as the modified version is 307 interface-compatible with the version that the work was made with. 308 309 c) Accompany the work with a written offer, valid for at 310 least three years, to give the same user the materials 311 specified in Subsection 6a, above, for a charge no more 312 than the cost of performing this distribution. 313 314 d) If distribution of the work is made by offering access to copy 315 from a designated place, offer equivalent access to copy the above 316 specified materials from the same place. 317 318 e) Verify that the user has already received a copy of these 319 materials or that you have already sent this user a copy. 320 321 For an executable, the required form of the "work that uses the 322Library" must include any data and utility programs needed for 323reproducing the executable from it. However, as a special exception, 324the materials to be distributed need not include anything that is 325normally distributed (in either source or binary form) with the major 326components (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the operating system on 327which the executable runs, unless that component itself accompanies 328the executable. 329 330 It may happen that this requirement contradicts the license 331restrictions of other proprietary libraries that do not normally 332accompany the operating system. Such a contradiction means you cannot 333use both them and the Library together in an executable that you 334distribute. 335 336 7. You may place library facilities that are a work based on the 337Library side-by-side in a single library together with other library 338facilities not covered by this License, and distribute such a combined 339library, provided that the separate distribution of the work based on 340the Library and of the other library facilities is otherwise 341permitted, and provided that you do these two things: 342 343 a) Accompany the combined library with a copy of the same work 344 based on the Library, uncombined with any other library 345 facilities. This must be distributed under the terms of the 346 Sections above. 347 348 b) Give prominent notice with the combined library of the fact 349 that part of it is a work based on the Library, and explaining 350 where to find the accompanying uncombined form of the same work. 351 352 8. You may not copy, modify, sublicense, link with, or distribute 353the Library except as expressly provided under this License. Any 354attempt otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense, link with, or 355distribute the Library is void, and will automatically terminate your 356rights under this License. However, parties who have received copies, 357or rights, from you under this License will not have their licenses 358terminated so long as such parties remain in full compliance. 359 360 9. You are not required to accept this License, since you have not 361signed it. However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or 362distribute the Library or its derivative works. These actions are 363prohibited by law if you do not accept this License. Therefore, by 364modifying or distributing the Library (or any work based on the 365Library), you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and 366all its terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying 367the Library or works based on it. 368 369 10. Each time you redistribute the Library (or any work based on the 370Library), the recipient automatically receives a license from the 371original licensor to copy, distribute, link with or modify the Library 372subject to these terms and conditions. You may not impose any further 373restrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein. 374You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties with 375this License. 376 377 11. If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent 378infringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent issues), 379conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or 380otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not 381excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot 382distribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this 383License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you 384may not distribute the Library at all. For example, if a patent 385license would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Library by 386all those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then 387the only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to 388refrain entirely from distribution of the Library. 389 390If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under any 391particular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to apply, 392and the section as a whole is intended to apply in other circumstances. 393 394It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any 395patents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any 396such claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting the 397integrity of the free software distribution system which is 398implemented by public license practices. Many people have made 399generous contributions to the wide range of software distributed 400through that system in reliance on consistent application of that 401system; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is willing 402to distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot 403impose that choice. 404 405This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to 406be a consequence of the rest of this License. 407 408 12. If the distribution and/or use of the Library is restricted in 409certain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the 410original copyright holder who places the Library under this License may add 411an explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding those countries, 412so that distribution is permitted only in or among countries not thus 413excluded. In such case, this License incorporates the limitation as if 414written in the body of this License. 415 416 13. The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new 417versions of the Lesser General Public License from time to time. 418Such new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, 419but may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. 420 421Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Library 422specifies a version number of this License which applies to it and 423"any later version", you have the option of following the terms and 424conditions either of that version or of any later version published by 425the Free Software Foundation. If the Library does not specify a 426license version number, you may choose any version ever published by 427the Free Software Foundation. 428 429 14. If you wish to incorporate parts of the Library into other free 430programs whose distribution conditions are incompatible with these, 431write to the author to ask for permission. For software which is 432copyrighted by the Free Software Foundation, write to the Free 433Software Foundation; we sometimes make exceptions for this. Our 434decision will be guided by the two goals of preserving the free status 435of all derivatives of our free software and of promoting the sharing 436and reuse of software generally. 437 438 NO WARRANTY 439 440 15. BECAUSE THE LIBRARY IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO 441WARRANTY FOR THE LIBRARY, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. 442EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR 443OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE LIBRARY "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY 444KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 445IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR 446PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE 447LIBRARY IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE LIBRARY PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME 448THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION. 449 450 16. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN 451WRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY 452AND/OR REDISTRIBUTE THE LIBRARY AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU 453FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR 454CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE 455LIBRARY (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING 456RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A 457FAILURE OF THE LIBRARY TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER SOFTWARE), EVEN IF 458SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH 459DAMAGES. 460 461 END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS 462 463 How to Apply These Terms to Your New Libraries 464 465 If you develop a new library, and you want it to be of the greatest 466possible use to the public, we recommend making it free software that 467everyone can redistribute and change. You can do so by permitting 468redistribution under these terms (or, alternatively, under the terms of the 469ordinary General Public License). 470 471 To apply these terms, attach the following notices to the library. It is 472safest to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively 473convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least the 474"copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found. 475 476 <one line to give the library's name and a brief idea of what it does.> 477 Copyright (C) <year> <name of author> 478 479 This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or 480 modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public 481 License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either 482 version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. 483 484 This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, 485 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of 486 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU 487 Lesser General Public License for more details. 488 489 You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public 490 License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software 491 Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA 492 493Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail. 494 495You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your 496school, if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the library, if 497necessary. Here is a sample; alter the names: 498 499 Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the 500 library `Frob' (a library for tweaking knobs) written by James Random Hacker. 501 502 <signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1990 503 Ty Coon, President of Vice 504 505That's all there is to it! 506 507