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1:mod:`email.encoders`: Encoders
2-------------------------------
3
4.. module:: email.encoders
5   :synopsis: Encoders for email message payloads.
6
7
8When creating :class:`~email.message.Message` objects from scratch, you often
9need to encode the payloads for transport through compliant mail servers. This
10is especially true for :mimetype:`image/\*` and :mimetype:`text/\*` type messages
11containing binary data.
12
13The :mod:`email` package provides some convenient encodings in its
14:mod:`encoders` module.  These encoders are actually used by the
15:class:`~email.mime.audio.MIMEAudio` and :class:`~email.mime.image.MIMEImage`
16class constructors to provide default encodings.  All encoder functions take
17exactly one argument, the message object to encode.  They usually extract the
18payload, encode it, and reset the payload to this newly encoded value.  They
19should also set the :mailheader:`Content-Transfer-Encoding` header as appropriate.
20
21Note that these functions are not meaningful for a multipart message.  They
22must be applied to individual subparts instead, and will raise a
23:exc:`TypeError` if passed a message whose type is multipart.
24
25Here are the encoding functions provided:
26
27
28.. function:: encode_quopri(msg)
29
30   Encodes the payload into quoted-printable form and sets the
31   :mailheader:`Content-Transfer-Encoding` header to ``quoted-printable`` [#]_.
32   This is a good encoding to use when most of your payload is normal printable
33   data, but contains a few unprintable characters.
34
35
36.. function:: encode_base64(msg)
37
38   Encodes the payload into base64 form and sets the
39   :mailheader:`Content-Transfer-Encoding` header to ``base64``.  This is a good
40   encoding to use when most of your payload is unprintable data since it is a more
41   compact form than quoted-printable.  The drawback of base64 encoding is that it
42   renders the text non-human readable.
43
44
45.. function:: encode_7or8bit(msg)
46
47   This doesn't actually modify the message's payload, but it does set the
48   :mailheader:`Content-Transfer-Encoding` header to either ``7bit`` or ``8bit`` as
49   appropriate, based on the payload data.
50
51
52.. function:: encode_noop(msg)
53
54   This does nothing; it doesn't even set the
55   :mailheader:`Content-Transfer-Encoding` header.
56
57.. rubric:: Footnotes
58
59.. [#] Note that encoding with :meth:`encode_quopri` also encodes all tabs and space
60   characters in the data.
61
62