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1= syslinux(1) =
2:doctype: manpage
3:revdate: 2013-06-12
4:author: H. Peter Anvin
5:author-email: hpa@zytor.com
6:editor1: Gene Cumm
7:editor1-email: gene.cumm@gmail.com
8:editor1-revlast: 2013-06-12
9
10
11== NAME ==
12syslinux - Install SYSLINUX to a file system
13
14
15== SYNOPSIS ==
16[verse]
17*syslinux* ['OPTIONS'] 'DEVICE'
18*extlinux* ['OPTIONS'] 'PATH'
19*syslinux* [-h | --help | -v | --version]
20*extlinux* [-h | --help | -v | --version]
21
22
23== DESCRIPTION ==
24Install *SYSLINUX* to the 'DEVICE'/'PATH', altering the boot sector and
25installing the 'ldlinux.sys' boot loader file.  For the Linux installer
26extlinux, 'PATH' is the desired path for the control files on a mounted,
27supported file system and sets the install-time working directory.  For
28all others, 'DEVICE' must specify a FAT12/FAT16/FAT32 file system.  For
29the Linux installers syslinux and syslinux-mtools, 'DEVICE' should be an
30unmounted file system.  For the DOS/Win32/Win64 installers, 'DEVICE'
31should be a drive like 'a:' (case insensitive).
32
33For versions ~4.00 and later, either -i/--install or -U/--update must be
34specified unless modifying the ADV of an existing install (options
35tagged with 'ADV') or requesting the help/usage or version info, .
36
37If, during boot, the Shift or Alt keys are held down, or the Caps or
38Scroll locks are set, *Syslinux* will display a *lilo*(8) -style "boot:"
39prompt. The user can then type a kernel file name followed by any kernel
40parameters. The *Syslinux* bootloader does not need to know about the
41kernel or config files in advance.
42
43*Syslinux* supports the loading of initial ramdisks (initrd) and the
44bzImage kernel format.
45
46Please note, the ldlinux.sys boot loader file is flagged as immutable
47(where applicable) and is modified after copying in to help ensure
48boot-time integrity.  File systems with a sufficiently large boot loader
49reserved area, like btrfs, will have ldlinux.sys installed there rather
50than as a normal file.  Prior to version 4.00, extlinux would install a
51file extlinux.sys which versions 4.00 and later installers will replace with ldlinux.sys.
52
53
54== OPTIONS ==
55// "See"/"See also" notes should reference long options.
56=== Standalone options ===
57*-i*, *--install*::
58(~4.00+) Install SYSLINUX, regardless of an existing install.
59
60*-U*, *--update*::
61(~4.00+) Update an existing SYSLINUX/EXTLINUX install.  If no Syslinux
62boot loader is present, return an error.
63
64*-h*, *--help*::
65Display help/usage information.
66
67*-v*, *--version*::
68Display version information and exit immediately.
69
70=== Regular Options ===
71// Sorted generally by short argument
72*-a*, *--active*::
73(DOS/Win32/Win64 ONLY) Mark the install target file system's partition
74active.
75
76*-d*, *--directory* 'subdirectory'::
77(Not necessary for extlinux as it is implied by 'PATH') Install the
78*SYSLINUX* control files in a subdirectory with the specified name
79(relative to the root directory on the device).
80
81*--device* 'DEVICE'::
82(extlinux ONLY; 4.06+) Force use of a specific block device (experts
83only).
84
85*-f*, *--force*::
86Force install even if it appears unsafe.  Before 4.00, -f was used for
87--offset in the Linux installers.
88
89*-H*, *--heads* 'head-count'::
90Override the detected number of heads for the geometry.  See also
91*--sector*.
92
93*-m*, *--mbr*:
94(DOS/Win32/Win64 ONLY) Install the regular Syslinux MBR code to the MBR.
95
96*-M*, *--menu-save*::
97(4.00+; ADV) Set the label to select as default on the next boot.
98
99*-o*, *--once* 'command'::
100(ADV) Declare a boot command to be tried on the first boot only.  The
101use of *-o* for the Linux installers syslinux or syslinux-mtools has
102been deprecated as of \~4.00 and is no longer valid as of ~4.02.
103
104*-O*, *--clear-once*::
105Clear the boot-once command.  See also *--once*.
106
107*-r*, *--raid*::
108(ADV) RAID mode.  If boot fails, tell the BIOS to boot the next device
109in the boot sequence (usually the next hard disk) instead of stopping
110with an error message.  This is useful for RAID-1 booting.
111
112*--reset-adv*::
113(ADV) Reset auxilliary data vector.
114
115*-S*, *--sectors* 'sector-count'::
116Override the detected number of sectors for the geometry.  See also
117*--head*.
118
119*-s*, *--stupid*::
120Install a "safe, slow and stupid" version of *SYSLINUX*. This version
121may work on some very buggy BIOSes on which *SYSLINUX* would otherwise
122fail. If you find a machine on which the -s option is required to make
123it boot reliably, please send as much info about your machine as you
124can, and include the failure mode.
125
126*-t*, *--offset* 'offset'::
127(Linux syslinux/syslinux-mtools ONLY) Indicates that the filesystem is
128at an offset from the base of the device or file.
129
130*-z*, *--zipdrive*
131Assume zipdrive geometry ('--heads 64 --sectors 32').  See also *--head*
132and *--sector*.
133
134
135== EXAMPLES ==
136=== Booting DOS ===
137For booting DOS and other similar operating systems, there is an easy
138and generally reliable solution to substitute in SYSLINUX as the primary
139boot loader.
140
141- Make a DOS-bootable disk;  The following are possible commands:
142
143	format a: /s
144	sys a:
145
146- Copy the DOS boot sector off using Linux or copybs.com:
147
148	dd if=/dev/fd0 of=dos.bss bs=512 count=1
149	copybs a: a:dos.bss
150
151- Install SYSLINUX using one of:
152
153	syslinux a:
154	syslinux /dev/fd0		(before 4.00)
155	syslinux -i /dev/fd0		(4.00+)
156
157- For Linux, mount the disk and copy the dos.bss to the disk:
158
159	mount -t msdos /dev/fd0 /mnt
160	cp dos.bss /mnt
161
162- Copy a Linux kernel image and initrd payload files:
163*Linux:*::
164	cp vmlinux /mnt
165	cp initrd.gz /mnt
166*DOS/Windows:*::
167	copy vmlinux a:
168	copy initrd.gz a:
169
170- For Linux, umount the disk (if applicable):
171
172	umount /mnt
173
174=== MBR ===
175In order to boot from a hard disk (or hard disk-like device) in BIOS
176mode, an appropriate MBR boot block must also be installed in the MBR
177(first sector or 512 bytes of the disk), occupying at most 440 bytes.
178
179*DOS/Windows:*::
180If using FDISK, FDISK or a similar application must also be used to mark
181the partition as active.
182+
183	fdisk /mbr
184    OR
185	syslinux -ma c:
186
187*Linux:*::
188+
189	dd bs=440 count=1 conv=notrunc if=mbr/mbr.bin of=/dev/sda
190+
191For altmbr.bin, an easy way to overwrite the MBR boot block and specify
192the partion number is:
193+
194  printf '\1' | cat altmbr.bin - | dd bs=440 count=1 \
195    iflag=fullblock conv=notrunc of=/dev/sda
196+
197Note: using 'cat' for writing the MBR can under some circumstances cause
198data loss or overwritting.  For this reason, using 'dd' is recommended
199for all situations.
200
201//[FIXME]: any clean way to handle the above long command for manpage?
202
203
204== SEE ALSO ==
205*syslinux.cfg*(5), *syslinux-cli*(1), *lilo*(8), *keytab-lilo.pl*(8),
206*fdisk*(8), *mkfs*(8), *superformat*(1).
207
208
209== AUTHOR ==
210This AsciiDoc derived document is a modified version of the original
211*SYSLINUX* documentation by {author} <{author-email}>. The conversion to
212a manpage was made by Arthur Korn <arthur@korn.ch>.  The conversion to
213an AsciiDoc was made by {editor1} <{editor1-email}>
214
215
216== COPYRIGHT ==
217Copyright \(C) 1994-2012 {author}. Free use of this software is granted
218under the terms of the GNU General Public License (GPL), version 2
219(GPLv2) (or, at your option, any later version).
220