1 /*
2 * Copyright (C) 2010 The Android Open Source Project
3 *
4 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
5 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
6 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
7 *
8 * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
9 *
10 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
11 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
12 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
13 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
14 * limitations under the License.
15 */
16
17 #include <errno.h>
18 #include <error.h>
19 #include <paths.h>
20 #include <pwd.h>
21 #include <stdlib.h>
22 #include <string.h>
23 #include <sys/capability.h>
24 #include <sys/stat.h>
25 #include <sys/types.h>
26 #include <unistd.h>
27
28 #include <libminijail.h>
29 #include <scoped_minijail.h>
30
31 #include <packagelistparser/packagelistparser.h>
32 #include <private/android_filesystem_config.h>
33 #include <selinux/android.h>
34
35 // The purpose of this program is to run a command as a specific
36 // application user-id. Typical usage is:
37 //
38 // run-as <package-name> <command> <args>
39 //
40 // The 'run-as' binary is installed with CAP_SETUID and CAP_SETGID file
41 // capabilities, but will check the following:
42 //
43 // - that it is invoked from the 'shell' or 'root' user (abort otherwise)
44 // - that '<package-name>' is the name of an installed and debuggable package
45 // - that the package's data directory is well-formed
46 //
47 // If so, it will drop to the application's user id / group id, cd to the
48 // package's data directory, then run the command there.
49 //
50 // This can be useful for a number of different things on production devices:
51 //
52 // - Allow application developers to look at their own application data
53 // during development.
54 //
55 // - Run the 'gdbserver' binary executable to allow native debugging
56 //
57
packagelist_parse_callback(pkg_info * this_package,void * userdata)58 static bool packagelist_parse_callback(pkg_info* this_package, void* userdata) {
59 pkg_info* p = reinterpret_cast<pkg_info*>(userdata);
60 if (strcmp(p->name, this_package->name) == 0) {
61 *p = *this_package;
62 return false; // Stop searching.
63 }
64 packagelist_free(this_package);
65 return true; // Keep searching.
66 }
67
check_directory(const char * path,uid_t uid)68 static bool check_directory(const char* path, uid_t uid) {
69 struct stat st;
70 if (TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(lstat(path, &st)) == -1) return false;
71
72 // /data/user/0 is a known safe symlink.
73 if (strcmp("/data/user/0", path) == 0) return true;
74
75 // Must be a real directory, not a symlink.
76 if (!S_ISDIR(st.st_mode)) return false;
77
78 // Must be owned by specific uid/gid.
79 if (st.st_uid != uid || st.st_gid != uid) return false;
80
81 // Must not be readable or writable by others.
82 if ((st.st_mode & (S_IROTH|S_IWOTH)) != 0) return false;
83
84 return true;
85 }
86
87 // This function is used to check the data directory path for safety.
88 // We check that every sub-directory is owned by the 'system' user
89 // and exists and is not a symlink. We also check that the full directory
90 // path is properly owned by the user ID.
check_data_path(const char * data_path,uid_t uid)91 static bool check_data_path(const char* data_path, uid_t uid) {
92 // The path should be absolute.
93 if (data_path[0] != '/') return false;
94
95 // Look for all sub-paths, we do that by finding
96 // directory separators in the input path and
97 // checking each sub-path independently.
98 for (int nn = 1; data_path[nn] != '\0'; nn++) {
99 char subpath[PATH_MAX];
100
101 /* skip non-separator characters */
102 if (data_path[nn] != '/') continue;
103
104 /* handle trailing separator case */
105 if (data_path[nn+1] == '\0') break;
106
107 /* found a separator, check that data_path is not too long. */
108 if (nn >= (int)(sizeof subpath)) return false;
109
110 /* reject any '..' subpath */
111 if (nn >= 3 &&
112 data_path[nn-3] == '/' &&
113 data_path[nn-2] == '.' &&
114 data_path[nn-1] == '.') {
115 return false;
116 }
117
118 /* copy to 'subpath', then check ownership */
119 memcpy(subpath, data_path, nn);
120 subpath[nn] = '\0';
121
122 if (!check_directory(subpath, AID_SYSTEM)) return false;
123 }
124
125 // All sub-paths were checked, now verify that the full data
126 // directory is owned by the application uid.
127 return check_directory(data_path, uid);
128 }
129
main(int argc,char * argv[])130 int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
131 // Check arguments.
132 if (argc < 2) {
133 error(1, 0, "usage: run-as <package-name> [--user <uid>] <command> [<args>]\n");
134 }
135
136 // This program runs with CAP_SETUID and CAP_SETGID capabilities on Android
137 // production devices. Check user id of caller --- must be 'shell' or 'root'.
138 if (getuid() != AID_SHELL && getuid() != AID_ROOT) {
139 error(1, 0, "only 'shell' or 'root' users can run this program");
140 }
141
142 char* pkgname = argv[1];
143 int cmd_argv_offset = 2;
144
145 // Get user_id from command line if provided.
146 int userId = 0;
147 if ((argc >= 4) && !strcmp(argv[2], "--user")) {
148 userId = atoi(argv[3]);
149 if (userId < 0) error(1, 0, "negative user id: %d", userId);
150 cmd_argv_offset += 2;
151 }
152
153 // Retrieve package information from system, switching egid so we can read the file.
154 gid_t old_egid = getegid();
155 if (setegid(AID_PACKAGE_INFO) == -1) error(1, errno, "setegid(AID_PACKAGE_INFO) failed");
156 pkg_info info;
157 memset(&info, 0, sizeof(info));
158 info.name = pkgname;
159 if (!packagelist_parse(packagelist_parse_callback, &info)) {
160 error(1, errno, "packagelist_parse failed");
161 }
162 if (info.uid == 0) {
163 error(1, 0, "unknown package: %s", pkgname);
164 }
165 if (setegid(old_egid) == -1) error(1, errno, "couldn't restore egid");
166
167 // Verify that user id is not too big.
168 if ((UID_MAX - info.uid) / AID_USER_OFFSET < (uid_t)userId) {
169 error(1, 0, "user id too big: %d", userId);
170 }
171
172 // Calculate user app ID.
173 uid_t userAppId = (AID_USER_OFFSET * userId) + info.uid;
174
175 // Reject system packages.
176 if (userAppId < AID_APP) {
177 error(1, 0, "package not an application: %s", pkgname);
178 }
179
180 // Reject any non-debuggable package.
181 if (!info.debuggable) {
182 error(1, 0, "package not debuggable: %s", pkgname);
183 }
184
185 // Check that the data directory path is valid.
186 if (!check_data_path(info.data_dir, userAppId)) {
187 error(1, 0, "package has corrupt installation: %s", pkgname);
188 }
189
190 // Ensure that we change all real/effective/saved IDs at the
191 // same time to avoid nasty surprises.
192 uid_t uid = userAppId;
193 uid_t gid = userAppId;
194 ScopedMinijail j(minijail_new());
195 minijail_change_uid(j.get(), uid);
196 minijail_change_gid(j.get(), gid);
197 minijail_keep_supplementary_gids(j.get());
198 minijail_enter(j.get());
199
200 if (selinux_android_setcontext(uid, 0, info.seinfo, pkgname) < 0) {
201 error(1, errno, "couldn't set SELinux security context");
202 }
203
204 // cd into the data directory, and set $HOME correspondingly.
205 if (TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(chdir(info.data_dir)) == -1) {
206 error(1, errno, "couldn't chdir to package's data directory");
207 }
208 setenv("HOME", info.data_dir, 1);
209
210 // Reset parts of the environment, like su would.
211 setenv("PATH", _PATH_DEFPATH, 1);
212 unsetenv("IFS");
213
214 // Set the user-specific parts for this user.
215 passwd* pw = getpwuid(uid);
216 setenv("LOGNAME", pw->pw_name, 1);
217 setenv("SHELL", pw->pw_shell, 1);
218 setenv("USER", pw->pw_name, 1);
219
220 // User specified command for exec.
221 if ((argc >= cmd_argv_offset + 1) &&
222 (execvp(argv[cmd_argv_offset], argv+cmd_argv_offset) == -1)) {
223 error(1, errno, "exec failed for %s", argv[cmd_argv_offset]);
224 }
225
226 // Default exec shell.
227 execlp(_PATH_BSHELL, "sh", NULL);
228 error(1, errno, "exec failed");
229 }
230