1% title: Hyphenation patterns for modern and medieval Latin 2% copyright: Copyright (c) 1999-2016 Claudio Beccari 3% e-mail claudio dot beccari at gmail dot com 4% notice: This file is part of the hyph-utf8 package. 5% See http://www.hyphenation.org for more information. 6% language: 7% name: Latin 8% tag: la 9% version: 3.201 2016-08-28 10% licence: 11% - This file is available under the following licence: 12% name: MIT 13% url: https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT 14% text: > 15% Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person 16% obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation 17% files (the “Software”), to deal in the Software without 18% restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, 19% copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell 20% copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the 21% Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following 22% conditions: 23% 24% The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be 25% included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software. 26% 27% THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED “AS IS”, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, 28% EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES 29% OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND 30% NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT 31% HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, 32% WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING 33% FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR 34% OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE. 35% changes: 36% - 37% date: 1999 38% version: 1.0 39% author: Claudio Beccari 40% description: First public release 41% - 42% date: 2007-04-16 43% version: 3.1 44% author: Claudio Beccari 45% - 46% date: 2010-05-31 47% author: Claudio Beccari 48% description: Removal of OT1 support 49% - 50% date: 2010-06-01 51% version: 3.2 52% author: Claudio Beccari 53% description: Removal of pattern 2'2 54% - 55% date: 2016-08-28 56% version: 3.201 57% author: Claudio Beccari 58% description: updated header with MIT licence notice; 59% added few missing patterns 60% 61% ========================================== 62% Patterns for the latin language mainly in modern spelling 63% (u when u is needed and v when v is needed); medieval spelling 64% with the ligatures \ae and \oe and the (uncial) lowercase `v' 65% written as a `u' is also supported; apparently there is no conflict 66% between the patterns of modern Latin and those of medieval Latin. 67% 68% For more information please read the babel-latin documentation. 69% 70%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 71% 72% For documentation see: 73% C. Beccari, "Computer aided hyphenation for Italian and Modern 74% Latin", TUG vol. 13, n. 1, pp. 23-33 (1992) 75% 76% see also 77% 78% C. Beccari, "Typesetting of ancient languages", 79% TUG vol.15, n.1, pp. 9-16 (1994) 80% 81% In the former paper the code was described as being contained in file 82% ITALAT.TEX; this is substantially the same code, but the file has been 83% renamed and included in hyph-utf8. 84% 85% A corresponding file (ITHYPH.TEX) has been extracted in order to eliminate 86% the (few) patterns specific to Latin and leave those specific to Italian; 87% ITHYPH.TEX has been further extended with many new patterns in order to 88% cope with the many neologisms and technical terms with foreign roots. 89% 90% Should you find any word that gets hyphenated in a wrong way, please, AFTER 91% CHECKING ON A RELIABLE MODERN DICTIONARY, report to the author, preferably 92% by e-mail. Please do not report about wrong break points concerning 93% prefixes and/or suffixes; see at the bottom of this file. 94% 95% Compared with the previous versions, this file has been extended so as to 96% cope also with the medieval Latin spelling, where the letter `V' played the 97% roles of both `U' and `V', as in the Roman times, save that the Romans used 98% only capitals. In the middle ages the availability of soft writing supports 99% and the necessity of copying books with a reasonable speed, several scripts 100% evolved in (practically) all of which there was a lower case alphabet 101% different from the upper case one, and where the lower case `v' had the 102% rounded shape of our modern lower case `u', and where the Latin diphthongs 103% `AE' and `OE', both in upper and lower case, where written as ligatures, 104% not to mention the habit of substituting them with their sound, that is a 105% simple `E'. 106% 107% According to Leon Battista Alberti, who in 1466 wrote a book on 108% cryptography where he thoroughly analyzed the hyphenation of the Latin 109% language of his (still medieval) times, the differences from the Tuscan 110% language (the Italian language, as it was named at his time) were very 111% limited, in particular for what concerns the handling of the ascending and 112% descending diphthongs; in Central and Northern Europe, and later on in 113% North America, the Scholars perceived the above diphthongs as made of two 114% distinct vowels; the hyphenation of medieval Latin, therefore, was quite 115% different in the northern countries compared to the southern ones, at least 116% for what concerns these diphthongs. If you need hyphenation patterns for 117% medieval Latin that suite you better according to the habits of Northern 118% Europe you should resort to the hyphenation patterns prepared by Yannis 119% Haralambous (TUGboat, vol.13 n.4 (1992)). 120% 121% 122% 123% PREFIXES AND SUFFIXES 124% 125% For what concerns prefixes and suffixes, the latter are generally separated 126% according to "natural" syllabification, while the former are generally 127% divided etimologically. In order to avoid an excessive number of patterns, 128% care has been paid to some prefixes, especially "ex", "trans", "circum", 129% "prae", but this set of patterns is NOT capable of separating the prefixes 130% in all circumstances. 131% 132% BABEL SHORTCUTS AND FACILITIES 133% 134% Read the documentation coming with the discription of the Latin language 135% interface of Babel in order to see the shortcuts and the facilities 136% introduced in order to facilitate the insertion of "compound word marks" 137% which are very useful for inserting etymological break points. 138% 139% Happy Latin and multilingual typesetting! 140% 141