1{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1504\cocoasubrtf750 2{\fonttbl\f0\fswiss\fcharset0 Helvetica;\f1\fmodern\fcharset0 CourierNewPSMT;} 3{\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;} 4{\*\expandedcolortbl;;} 5\margl1440\margr1440\vieww15240\viewh15540\viewkind0 6\pard\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\pardirnatural\partightenfactor0 7 8\f0\fs24 \cf0 This package will install Python $FULL_VERSION for Mac OS X $MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET for the following architecture(s): $ARCHITECTURES.\ 9\ 10\pard\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\pardirnatural\partightenfactor0 11 12\b \cf0 \ul \ulc0 Which installer variant should I use? 13\b0 \ulnone \ 14\ 15Python.org provides two installer variants for download: one that installs a 16\i 64-bit/32-bit Intel 17\i0 Python capable of running on 18\i Mac OS X 10.6 (Snow Leopard) 19\i0 or later; and one that installs a 20\i 32-bit-only (Intel and PPC) 21\i0 Python capable of running on 22\i Mac OS X 10.5 (Leopard) 23\i0 or later. This ReadMe was installed with the 24\i $MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET 25\i0 variant. Unless you are installing to an 10.5 system or you need to build applications that can run on 10.5 systems, use the 10.6 variant if possible. There are some additional operating system functions that are supported starting with 10.6 and you may see better performance using 64-bit mode. By default, Python will automatically run in 64-bit mode if your system supports it. Also see 26\i Certificate verification and OpenSSL 27\i0 below. The Pythons installed by these installers are built with private copies of some third-party libraries not included with or newer than those in OS X itself. The list of these libraries varies by installer variant and is included at the end of the License.rtf file. 28\b \ul \ 29\ 30Update your version of Tcl/Tk to use IDLE or other Tk applications 31\b0 \ulnone \ 32\ 33To use IDLE or other programs that use the Tkinter graphical user interface toolkit, you need to install a newer third-party version of the 34\i Tcl/Tk 35\i0 frameworks. Visit {\field{\*\fldinst{HYPERLINK "https://www.python.org/download/mac/tcltk/"}}{\fldrslt https://www.python.org/download/mac/tcltk/}} for current information about supported and recommended versions of 36\i Tcl/Tk 37\i0 for this version of Python and of Mac OS X.\ 38 39\b \ul \ 40\pard\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\pardirnatural\partightenfactor0 41\cf0 Packages installed with the system Python 2.7 are no longer searched for\ 42\pard\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\pardirnatural\partightenfactor0 43\cf0 \ulnone [CHANGED for Python 2.7.13] 44\b0 \ 45\ 46As of Python 2.7.0, user-installed Python 2.7 versions from python.org installers added the system-wide site-packages directory for the Apple-supplied Python 2.7 to the end of their search path. This meant that packages installed with the system Python 2.7 could also be used by the user-installed Python 2.7. While sometimes convenient, this also often caused confusion with the implicit coupling between the two Python instances. Separately, as of macOS 10.12, Apple changed the layout of the system site-packages directory, 47\f1 /Library/Python/2.7/site-packages 48\f0 , in a way that can now cause installation of 49\f1 pip 50\f0 components to fail. To avoid the confusion and the installation failures, as of 2.7.13 user-installed Pythons no longer add 51\f1 /Library/Python/2.7/site-packages 52\f0 to 53\f1 sys.path 54\f0 . If you are using a package with both a user-installed Python 2.7 and the system Python 2.7, you will now need to ensure that separate copies of the package are installed for each instance.\ 55\ 56\pard\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\pardirnatural\partightenfactor0 57 58\b \cf0 \ul Installing on OS X 10.8 (Mountain Lion) or later systems\ 59\pard\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\pardirnatural\partightenfactor0 60\cf0 \ulnone [CHANGED for Python 2.7.9] 61\b0 \ 62\ 63As of Python 2.7.9, installer packages from python.org are now compatible with the Gatekeeper security feature introduced in OS X 10.8. Downloaded packages can now be directly installed by double-clicking with the default system security settings. Python.org installer packages for OS X are signed with the Developer ID of the builder, as identified on {\field{\*\fldinst{HYPERLINK "https://www.python.org/downloads/"}}{\fldrslt the download page}} for this release. To inspect the digital signature of the package, click on the lock icon in the upper right corner of the 64\i Install Python 65\i0 installer window. Refer to Apple\'92s support pages for {\field{\*\fldinst{HYPERLINK "http://support.apple.com/kb/ht5290"}}{\fldrslt more information on Gatekeeper}}.\ 66\ 67\pard\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\pardirnatural\partightenfactor0 68 69\b \cf0 \ul Simplified web-based installs\ 70\pard\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\pardirnatural\partightenfactor0 71\cf0 \ulnone [NEW for Python 2.7.9] 72\b0 \ 73\ 74With the change to the newer flat format installer package, the download file now has a 75\f1 .pkg 76\f0 extension as it is no longer necessary to embed the installer within a disk image ( 77\f1 .dmg 78\f0 ) container. If you download the Python installer through a web browser, the OS X installer application may open automatically to allow you to perform the install. If your browser settings do not allow automatic open, double click on the downloaded installer file.\ 79\ 80\pard\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\pardirnatural\partightenfactor0 81 82\b \cf0 \ul New Installation Options and Defaults\ 83\pard\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\pardirnatural\partightenfactor0 84\cf0 \ulnone [NEW for Python 2.7.9] 85\b0 \ 86\ 87The Python installer now includes an option to automatically install or upgrade 88\f1 pip 89\f0 , a tool for installing and managing Python packages. This option is enabled by default and no Internet access is required. If you do not want the installer to do this, select the 90\i Customize 91\i0 option at the 92\i Installation Type 93\i0 step and uncheck the 94\i Install or upgrade pip 95\i0 option. For other changes in this release, see the 96\i Release Notes 97\i0 link for this release at {\field{\*\fldinst{HYPERLINK "https://www.python.org/downloads/"}}{\fldrslt https://www.python.org/downloads/}}.\ 98\ 99\pard\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\pardirnatural\partightenfactor0 100 101\b \cf0 \ul Certificate verification and OpenSSL\ 102\pard\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\pardirnatural\partightenfactor0 103\cf0 \ulnone [CHANGED for Python 2.7.9] 104\b0 \ 105\ 106Python 2.7.9 includes a number of network security enhancements that have been approved for inclusion in Python 2.7 maintenance releases. {\field{\*\fldinst{HYPERLINK "https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0476/"}}{\fldrslt PEP 476}} changes several standard library modules, like 107\i httplib 108\i0 , 109\i urllib2 110\i0 , and 111\i xmlrpclib 112\i0 , to by default verify certificates presented by servers over secure (TLS) connections. The verification is performed by the OpenSSL libraries that Python is linked to. Prior to 2.7.9, the python.org installers dynamically linked with Apple-supplied OpenSSL libraries shipped with OS X. OS X provides a multiple level security framework that stores trust certificates in system and user keychains managed by the 113\i Keychain Access 114\i0 application and the 115\i security 116\i0 command line utility.\ 117\ 118For OS X 10.5, Apple provides 119\i OpenSSL 0.9.7 120\i0 libraries. This version of Apple's OpenSSL 121\b does not 122\b0 use the certificates from the system security framework, even when used on newer versions of OS X. Instead it consults a traditional OpenSSL concatenated certificate file ( 123\i cafile 124\i0 ) or certificate directory ( 125\i capath 126\i0 ), located in 127\f1 /System/Library/OpenSSL 128\f0 . These directories are typically empty and not managed by OS X; you must manage them yourself or supply your own SSL contexts. OpenSSL 0.9.7 is obsolete by current security standards, lacking a number of important features found in later versions. Among the problems this causes is the inability to verify higher-security certificates now used by python.org services, including 129\i t{\field{\*\fldinst{HYPERLINK "https://pypi.python.org/pypi"}}{\fldrslt he Python Package Index, PyPI}} 130\i0 . To solve this problem, as of 2.7.9 the 131\i 10.5+ 32-bit-only python.org variant 132\i0 is linked with a private copy of 133\i OpenSSL 1.0 134\i0 ; it consults the same default certificate directory, 135\f1 /System/Library/OpenSSL 136\f0 . As before, it is still necessary to manage certificates yourself when you use this Python variant and, with certificate verification now enabled by default, you may now need to take additional steps to ensure your Python programs have access to CA certificates you trust. If you use this Python variant to build standalone applications with third-party tools like {\field{\*\fldinst{HYPERLINK "https://pypi.python.org/pypi/py2app/"}}{\fldrslt 137\f1 py2app}}, you may now need to bundle CA certificates in them or otherwise supply non-default SSL contexts.\ 138\ 139For OS X 10.6+, Apple also provides 140\i OpenSSL 141\i0 142\i 0.9.8 libraries 143\i0 . Apple's 0.9.8 version includes an important additional feature: if a certificate cannot be verified using the manually administered certificates in 144\f1 /System/Library/OpenSSL 145\f0 , the certificates managed by the system security framework In the user and system keychains are also consulted (using Apple private APIs). For this reason, for 2.7.9 the 146\i 64-bit/32-bit 10.6+ python.org variant 147\i0 continues to be dynamically linked with Apple's OpenSSL 0.9.8 since it was felt that the loss of the system-provided certificates and management tools outweighs the additional security features provided by newer versions of OpenSSL. This will likely change in future releases of the python.org installers as Apple has deprecated use of the system-supplied OpenSSL libraries. If you do need features from newer versions of OpenSSL, there are third-party OpenSSL wrapper packages available through 148\i PyPI 149\i0 .\ 150\ 151The bundled 152\f1 pip 153\f0 included with 2.7.9 has its own default certificate store for verifying download connections.\ 154\pard\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\pardirnatural\partightenfactor0 155 156\b \cf0 \ul \ 157Binary installer support for OS X 10.4 and 10.3.9 discontinued\ 158\pard\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\pardirnatural\partightenfactor0 159\cf0 \ulnone [CHANGED for Python 2.7.9] 160\b0 \ 161\ 162As previously announced, binary installers for Python 2.7.9 from python.org no longer support Mac OS X 10.3.9 (Panther) and 10.4.x (Tiger) systems. These systems were last updated by Apple in 2005 and 2007. As of 2.7.9, the 32-bit-only installer supports PPC and Intel Macs running OS X 10.5 (Leopard). 10.5 was the last OS X release for PPC machines (G4 and G5). The 64-/32-bit installer configuration remains unchanged and should normally be used on OS X 10.6 (Snow Leopard) and later systems. This aligns Python 2.7.x installer configurations with those currently provided with Python 3.x. If needed, it is still possible to build Python from source for 10.3.9 and 10.4.\ 163\ 164\pard\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\pardirnatural\partightenfactor0 165 166\b \cf0 \ul Python 3 and Python 2 Co-existence\ 167 168\b0 \ulnone \ 169Python.org Python 2.7 and 3.x versions can both be installed on your system and will not conflict. Python 2.7 command names contain a 2 or no digit: 170\f1 python2 171\f0 (or 172\f1 python2.7 173\f0 or 174\f1 python 175\f0 ), 176\f1 idle2 177\f0 (or 178\f1 idle2.7 179\f0 or 180\f1 idle 181\f0 ), 182\f1 pip2 183\f0 (or 184\f1 pip2.7 185\f0 or 186\f1 pip 187\f0 ), etc. Command names for Python 3 contain a 3 in them, 188\f1 python3 189\f0 , 190\f1 idle3 191\f0 , 192\f1 pip3 193\f0 , etc.\ 194\ 195}