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1
2		    LINUX ALLOCATED DEVICES (2.6+ version)
3
4	     Maintained by Torben Mathiasen <device@lanana.org>
5
6		      Last revised: 29 November 2006
7
8This list is the Linux Device List, the official registry of allocated
9device numbers and /dev directory nodes for the Linux operating
10system.
11
12The latest version of this list is available from
13http://www.lanana.org/docs/device-list/ or
14ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/docs/device-list/.  This version may be
15newer than the one distributed with the Linux kernel.
16
17The LaTeX version of this document is no longer maintained.
18
19This document is included by reference into the Filesystem Hierarchy
20Standard (FHS).	 The FHS is available from http://www.pathname.com/fhs/.
21
22Allocations marked (68k/Amiga) apply to Linux/68k on the Amiga
23platform only.	Allocations marked (68k/Atari) apply to Linux/68k on
24the Atari platform only.
25
26The symbol {2.6} means the allocation is obsolete and scheduled for
27removal once kernel version 2.6 (or equivalent) is released. Some of these
28allocations have already been removed.
29
30This document is in the public domain.	The author requests, however,
31that semantically altered versions are not distributed without
32permission of the author, assuming the author can be contacted without
33an unreasonable effort.
34
35In particular, please don't sent patches for this list to Linus, at
36least not without contacting me first.
37
38I do not have any information about these devices beyond what appears
39on this list.  Any such information requests will be deleted without
40reply.
41
42
43	  **** DEVICE DRIVERS AUTHORS PLEASE READ THIS ****
44
45To have a major number allocated, or a minor number in situations
46where that applies (e.g. busmice), please contact me with the
47appropriate device information.	 Also, if you have additional
48information regarding any of the devices listed below, or if I have
49made a mistake, I would greatly appreciate a note.
50
51I do, however, make a few requests about the nature of your report.
52This is necessary for me to be able to keep this list up to date and
53correct in a timely manner.  First of all, *please* send it to the
54correct address... <device@lanana.org>.  I receive hundreds of email
55messages a day, so mail sent to other addresses may very well get lost
56in the avalanche.  Please put in a descriptive subject, so I can find
57your mail again should I need to.  Too many people send me email
58saying just "device number request" in the subject.
59
60Second, please include a description of the device *in the same format
61as this list*.	The reason for this is that it is the only way I have
62found to ensure I have all the requisite information to publish your
63device and avoid conflicts.
64
65Third, please don't assume that the distributed version of the list is
66up to date.  Due to the number of registrations I have to maintain it
67in "batch mode", so there is likely additional registrations that
68haven't been listed yet.
69
70Finally, sometimes I have to play "namespace police."  Please don't be
71offended.  I often get submissions for /dev names that would be bound
72to cause conflicts down the road.  I am trying to avoid getting in a
73situation where we would have to suffer an incompatible forward
74change.  Therefore, please consult with me *before* you make your
75device names and numbers in any way public, at least to the point
76where it would be at all difficult to get them changed.
77
78Your cooperation is appreciated.
79
80
81  0		Unnamed devices (e.g. non-device mounts)
82		  0 = reserved as null device number
83		See block major 144, 145, 146 for expansion areas.
84
85  1 char	Memory devices
86		  1 = /dev/mem		Physical memory access
87		  2 = /dev/kmem		Kernel virtual memory access
88		  3 = /dev/null		Null device
89		  4 = /dev/port		I/O port access
90		  5 = /dev/zero		Null byte source
91		  6 = /dev/core		OBSOLETE - replaced by /proc/kcore
92		  7 = /dev/full		Returns ENOSPC on write
93		  8 = /dev/random	Nondeterministic random number gen.
94		  9 = /dev/urandom	Faster, less secure random number gen.
95		 10 = /dev/aio		Asynchronous I/O notification interface
96		 11 = /dev/kmsg		Writes to this come out as printk's
97		 12 = /dev/oldmem	Used by crashdump kernels to access
98					the memory of the kernel that crashed.
99
100  1 block	RAM disk
101		  0 = /dev/ram0		First RAM disk
102		  1 = /dev/ram1		Second RAM disk
103		    ...
104		250 = /dev/initrd	Initial RAM disk {2.6}
105
106		Older kernels had /dev/ramdisk (1, 1) here.
107		/dev/initrd refers to a RAM disk which was preloaded
108		by the boot loader; newer kernels use /dev/ram0 for
109		the initrd.
110
111  2 char	Pseudo-TTY masters
112		  0 = /dev/ptyp0	First PTY master
113		  1 = /dev/ptyp1	Second PTY master
114		    ...
115		255 = /dev/ptyef	256th PTY master
116
117		Pseudo-tty's are named as follows:
118		* Masters are "pty", slaves are "tty";
119		* the fourth letter is one of pqrstuvwxyzabcde indicating
120		  the 1st through 16th series of 16 pseudo-ttys each, and
121		* the fifth letter is one of 0123456789abcdef indicating
122		  the position within the series.
123
124		These are the old-style (BSD) PTY devices; Unix98
125		devices are on major 128 and above and use the PTY
126		master multiplex (/dev/ptmx) to acquire a PTY on
127		demand.
128
129  2 block	Floppy disks
130		  0 = /dev/fd0		Controller 0, drive 0, autodetect
131		  1 = /dev/fd1		Controller 0, drive 1, autodetect
132		  2 = /dev/fd2		Controller 0, drive 2, autodetect
133		  3 = /dev/fd3		Controller 0, drive 3, autodetect
134		128 = /dev/fd4		Controller 1, drive 0, autodetect
135		129 = /dev/fd5		Controller 1, drive 1, autodetect
136		130 = /dev/fd6		Controller 1, drive 2, autodetect
137		131 = /dev/fd7		Controller 1, drive 3, autodetect
138
139		To specify format, add to the autodetect device number:
140		  0 = /dev/fd?		Autodetect format
141		  4 = /dev/fd?d360	5.25"  360K in a 360K  drive(1)
142		 20 = /dev/fd?h360	5.25"  360K in a 1200K drive(1)
143		 48 = /dev/fd?h410	5.25"  410K in a 1200K drive
144		 64 = /dev/fd?h420	5.25"  420K in a 1200K drive
145		 24 = /dev/fd?h720	5.25"  720K in a 1200K drive
146		 80 = /dev/fd?h880	5.25"  880K in a 1200K drive(1)
147		  8 = /dev/fd?h1200	5.25" 1200K in a 1200K drive(1)
148		 40 = /dev/fd?h1440	5.25" 1440K in a 1200K drive(1)
149		 56 = /dev/fd?h1476	5.25" 1476K in a 1200K drive
150		 72 = /dev/fd?h1494	5.25" 1494K in a 1200K drive
151		 92 = /dev/fd?h1600	5.25" 1600K in a 1200K drive(1)
152
153		 12 = /dev/fd?u360	3.5"   360K Double Density(2)
154		 16 = /dev/fd?u720	3.5"   720K Double Density(1)
155		120 = /dev/fd?u800	3.5"   800K Double Density(2)
156		 52 = /dev/fd?u820	3.5"   820K Double Density
157		 68 = /dev/fd?u830	3.5"   830K Double Density
158		 84 = /dev/fd?u1040	3.5"  1040K Double Density(1)
159		 88 = /dev/fd?u1120	3.5"  1120K Double Density(1)
160		 28 = /dev/fd?u1440	3.5"  1440K High Density(1)
161		124 = /dev/fd?u1600	3.5"  1600K High Density(1)
162		 44 = /dev/fd?u1680	3.5"  1680K High Density(3)
163		 60 = /dev/fd?u1722	3.5"  1722K High Density
164		 76 = /dev/fd?u1743	3.5"  1743K High Density
165		 96 = /dev/fd?u1760	3.5"  1760K High Density
166		116 = /dev/fd?u1840	3.5"  1840K High Density(3)
167		100 = /dev/fd?u1920	3.5"  1920K High Density(1)
168		 32 = /dev/fd?u2880	3.5"  2880K Extra Density(1)
169		104 = /dev/fd?u3200	3.5"  3200K Extra Density
170		108 = /dev/fd?u3520	3.5"  3520K Extra Density
171		112 = /dev/fd?u3840	3.5"  3840K Extra Density(1)
172
173		 36 = /dev/fd?CompaQ	Compaq 2880K drive; obsolete?
174
175		(1) Autodetectable format
176		(2) Autodetectable format in a Double Density (720K) drive only
177		(3) Autodetectable format in a High Density (1440K) drive only
178
179		NOTE: The letter in the device name (d, q, h or u)
180		signifies the type of drive: 5.25" Double Density (d),
181		5.25" Quad Density (q), 5.25" High Density (h) or 3.5"
182		(any model, u).	 The use of the capital letters D, H
183		and E for the 3.5" models have been deprecated, since
184		the drive type is insignificant for these devices.
185
186  3 char	Pseudo-TTY slaves
187		  0 = /dev/ttyp0	First PTY slave
188		  1 = /dev/ttyp1	Second PTY slave
189		    ...
190		255 = /dev/ttyef	256th PTY slave
191
192		These are the old-style (BSD) PTY devices; Unix98
193		devices are on major 136 and above.
194
195  3 block	First MFM, RLL and IDE hard disk/CD-ROM interface
196		  0 = /dev/hda		Master: whole disk (or CD-ROM)
197		 64 = /dev/hdb		Slave: whole disk (or CD-ROM)
198
199		For partitions, add to the whole disk device number:
200		  0 = /dev/hd?		Whole disk
201		  1 = /dev/hd?1		First partition
202		  2 = /dev/hd?2		Second partition
203		    ...
204		 63 = /dev/hd?63	63rd partition
205
206		For Linux/i386, partitions 1-4 are the primary
207		partitions, and 5 and above are logical partitions.
208		Other versions of Linux use partitioning schemes
209		appropriate to their respective architectures.
210
211  4 char	TTY devices
212		  0 = /dev/tty0		Current virtual console
213
214		  1 = /dev/tty1		First virtual console
215		    ...
216		 63 = /dev/tty63	63rd virtual console
217		 64 = /dev/ttyS0	First UART serial port
218		    ...
219		255 = /dev/ttyS191	192nd UART serial port
220
221		UART serial ports refer to 8250/16450/16550 series devices.
222
223		Older versions of the Linux kernel used this major
224		number for BSD PTY devices.  As of Linux 2.1.115, this
225		is no longer supported.	 Use major numbers 2 and 3.
226
227  4 block	Aliases for dynamically allocated major devices to be used
228		when its not possible to create the real device nodes
229		because the root filesystem is mounted read-only.
230
231                  0 = /dev/root
232
233  5 char	Alternate TTY devices
234		  0 = /dev/tty		Current TTY device
235		  1 = /dev/console	System console
236		  2 = /dev/ptmx		PTY master multiplex
237		 64 = /dev/cua0		Callout device for ttyS0
238		    ...
239		255 = /dev/cua191	Callout device for ttyS191
240
241		(5,1) is /dev/console starting with Linux 2.1.71.  See
242		the section on terminal devices for more information
243		on /dev/console.
244
245  6 char	Parallel printer devices
246		  0 = /dev/lp0		Parallel printer on parport0
247		  1 = /dev/lp1		Parallel printer on parport1
248		    ...
249
250		Current Linux kernels no longer have a fixed mapping
251		between parallel ports and I/O addresses.  Instead,
252		they are redirected through the parport multiplex layer.
253
254  7 char	Virtual console capture devices
255		  0 = /dev/vcs		Current vc text contents
256		  1 = /dev/vcs1		tty1 text contents
257		    ...
258		 63 = /dev/vcs63	tty63 text contents
259		128 = /dev/vcsa		Current vc text/attribute contents
260		129 = /dev/vcsa1	tty1 text/attribute contents
261		    ...
262		191 = /dev/vcsa63	tty63 text/attribute contents
263
264		NOTE: These devices permit both read and write access.
265
266  7 block	Loopback devices
267		  0 = /dev/loop0	First loop device
268		  1 = /dev/loop1	Second loop device
269		    ...
270
271		The loop devices are used to mount filesystems not
272		associated with block devices.	The binding to the
273		loop devices is handled by mount(8) or losetup(8).
274
275  8 block	SCSI disk devices (0-15)
276		  0 = /dev/sda		First SCSI disk whole disk
277		 16 = /dev/sdb		Second SCSI disk whole disk
278		 32 = /dev/sdc		Third SCSI disk whole disk
279		    ...
280		240 = /dev/sdp		Sixteenth SCSI disk whole disk
281
282		Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
283		disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
284		partitions is 15.
285
286  9 char	SCSI tape devices
287		  0 = /dev/st0		First SCSI tape, mode 0
288		  1 = /dev/st1		Second SCSI tape, mode 0
289		    ...
290		 32 = /dev/st0l		First SCSI tape, mode 1
291		 33 = /dev/st1l		Second SCSI tape, mode 1
292		    ...
293		 64 = /dev/st0m		First SCSI tape, mode 2
294		 65 = /dev/st1m		Second SCSI tape, mode 2
295		    ...
296		 96 = /dev/st0a		First SCSI tape, mode 3
297		 97 = /dev/st1a		Second SCSI tape, mode 3
298		      ...
299		128 = /dev/nst0		First SCSI tape, mode 0, no rewind
300		129 = /dev/nst1		Second SCSI tape, mode 0, no rewind
301		    ...
302		160 = /dev/nst0l	First SCSI tape, mode 1, no rewind
303		161 = /dev/nst1l	Second SCSI tape, mode 1, no rewind
304		    ...
305		192 = /dev/nst0m	First SCSI tape, mode 2, no rewind
306		193 = /dev/nst1m	Second SCSI tape, mode 2, no rewind
307		    ...
308		224 = /dev/nst0a	First SCSI tape, mode 3, no rewind
309		225 = /dev/nst1a	Second SCSI tape, mode 3, no rewind
310		    ...
311
312		"No rewind" refers to the omission of the default
313		automatic rewind on device close.  The MTREW or MTOFFL
314		ioctl()'s can be used to rewind the tape regardless of
315		the device used to access it.
316
317  9 block	Metadisk (RAID) devices
318		  0 = /dev/md0		First metadisk group
319		  1 = /dev/md1		Second metadisk group
320		    ...
321
322		The metadisk driver is used to span a
323		filesystem across multiple physical disks.
324
325 10 char	Non-serial mice, misc features
326		  0 = /dev/logibm	Logitech bus mouse
327		  1 = /dev/psaux	PS/2-style mouse port
328		  2 = /dev/inportbm	Microsoft Inport bus mouse
329		  3 = /dev/atibm	ATI XL bus mouse
330		  4 = /dev/jbm		J-mouse
331		  4 = /dev/amigamouse	Amiga mouse (68k/Amiga)
332		  5 = /dev/atarimouse	Atari mouse
333		  6 = /dev/sunmouse	Sun mouse
334		  7 = /dev/amigamouse1	Second Amiga mouse
335		  8 = /dev/smouse	Simple serial mouse driver
336		  9 = /dev/pc110pad	IBM PC-110 digitizer pad
337		 10 = /dev/adbmouse	Apple Desktop Bus mouse
338		 11 = /dev/vrtpanel	Vr41xx embedded touch panel
339		 13 = /dev/vpcmouse	Connectix Virtual PC Mouse
340		 14 = /dev/touchscreen/ucb1x00  UCB 1x00 touchscreen
341		 15 = /dev/touchscreen/mk712	MK712 touchscreen
342		128 = /dev/beep		Fancy beep device
343		129 = /dev/modreq	Kernel module load request {2.6}
344		130 = /dev/watchdog	Watchdog timer port
345		131 = /dev/temperature	Machine internal temperature
346		132 = /dev/hwtrap	Hardware fault trap
347		133 = /dev/exttrp	External device trap
348		134 = /dev/apm_bios	Advanced Power Management BIOS
349		135 = /dev/rtc		Real Time Clock
350		139 = /dev/openprom	SPARC OpenBoot PROM
351		140 = /dev/relay8	Berkshire Products Octal relay card
352		141 = /dev/relay16	Berkshire Products ISO-16 relay card
353		142 = /dev/msr		x86 model-specific registers {2.6}
354		143 = /dev/pciconf	PCI configuration space
355		144 = /dev/nvram	Non-volatile configuration RAM
356		145 = /dev/hfmodem	Soundcard shortwave modem control {2.6}
357		146 = /dev/graphics	Linux/SGI graphics device
358		147 = /dev/opengl	Linux/SGI OpenGL pipe
359		148 = /dev/gfx		Linux/SGI graphics effects device
360		149 = /dev/input/mouse	Linux/SGI Irix emulation mouse
361		150 = /dev/input/keyboard Linux/SGI Irix emulation keyboard
362		151 = /dev/led		Front panel LEDs
363		152 = /dev/kpoll	Kernel Poll Driver
364		153 = /dev/mergemem	Memory merge device
365		154 = /dev/pmu		Macintosh PowerBook power manager
366		155 = /dev/isictl	MultiTech ISICom serial control
367		156 = /dev/lcd		Front panel LCD display
368		157 = /dev/ac		Applicom Intl Profibus card
369		158 = /dev/nwbutton	Netwinder external button
370		159 = /dev/nwdebug	Netwinder debug interface
371		160 = /dev/nwflash	Netwinder flash memory
372		161 = /dev/userdma	User-space DMA access
373		162 = /dev/smbus	System Management Bus
374		163 = /dev/lik		Logitech Internet Keyboard
375		164 = /dev/ipmo		Intel Intelligent Platform Management
376		165 = /dev/vmmon	VMWare virtual machine monitor
377		166 = /dev/i2o/ctl	I2O configuration manager
378		167 = /dev/specialix_sxctl Specialix serial control
379		168 = /dev/tcldrv	Technology Concepts serial control
380		169 = /dev/specialix_rioctl Specialix RIO serial control
381		170 = /dev/thinkpad/thinkpad	IBM Thinkpad devices
382		171 = /dev/srripc	QNX4 API IPC manager
383		172 = /dev/usemaclone	Semaphore clone device
384		173 = /dev/ipmikcs	Intelligent Platform Management
385		174 = /dev/uctrl	SPARCbook 3 microcontroller
386		175 = /dev/agpgart	AGP Graphics Address Remapping Table
387		176 = /dev/gtrsc	Gorgy Timing radio clock
388		177 = /dev/cbm		Serial CBM bus
389		178 = /dev/jsflash	JavaStation OS flash SIMM
390		179 = /dev/xsvc		High-speed shared-mem/semaphore service
391		180 = /dev/vrbuttons	Vr41xx button input device
392		181 = /dev/toshiba	Toshiba laptop SMM support
393		182 = /dev/perfctr	Performance-monitoring counters
394		183 = /dev/hwrng	Generic random number generator
395		184 = /dev/cpu/microcode CPU microcode update interface
396		186 = /dev/atomicps	Atomic shapshot of process state data
397		187 = /dev/irnet	IrNET device
398		188 = /dev/smbusbios	SMBus BIOS
399		189 = /dev/ussp_ctl	User space serial port control
400		190 = /dev/crash	Mission Critical Linux crash dump facility
401		191 = /dev/pcl181	<information missing>
402		192 = /dev/nas_xbus	NAS xbus LCD/buttons access
403		193 = /dev/d7s		SPARC 7-segment display
404		194 = /dev/zkshim	Zero-Knowledge network shim control
405		195 = /dev/elographics/e2201	Elographics touchscreen E271-2201
406		198 = /dev/sexec	Signed executable interface
407		199 = /dev/scanners/cuecat :CueCat barcode scanner
408		200 = /dev/net/tun	TAP/TUN network device
409		201 = /dev/button/gulpb	Transmeta GULP-B buttons
410		202 = /dev/emd/ctl	Enhanced Metadisk RAID (EMD) control
411		204 = /dev/video/em8300		EM8300 DVD decoder control
412		205 = /dev/video/em8300_mv	EM8300 DVD decoder video
413		206 = /dev/video/em8300_ma	EM8300 DVD decoder audio
414		207 = /dev/video/em8300_sp	EM8300 DVD decoder subpicture
415		208 = /dev/compaq/cpqphpc	Compaq PCI Hot Plug Controller
416		209 = /dev/compaq/cpqrid	Compaq Remote Insight Driver
417		210 = /dev/impi/bt	IMPI coprocessor block transfer
418		211 = /dev/impi/smic	IMPI coprocessor stream interface
419		212 = /dev/watchdogs/0	First watchdog device
420		213 = /dev/watchdogs/1	Second watchdog device
421		214 = /dev/watchdogs/2	Third watchdog device
422		215 = /dev/watchdogs/3	Fourth watchdog device
423		216 = /dev/fujitsu/apanel	Fujitsu/Siemens application panel
424		217 = /dev/ni/natmotn		National Instruments Motion
425		218 = /dev/kchuid	Inter-process chuid control
426		219 = /dev/modems/mwave	MWave modem firmware upload
427		220 = /dev/mptctl	Message passing technology (MPT) control
428		221 = /dev/mvista/hssdsi	Montavista PICMG hot swap system driver
429		222 = /dev/mvista/hasi		Montavista PICMG high availability
430		223 = /dev/input/uinput		User level driver support for input
431		224 = /dev/tpm		TCPA TPM driver
432		225 = /dev/pps		Pulse Per Second driver
433		226 = /dev/systrace	Systrace device
434		227 = /dev/mcelog	X86_64 Machine Check Exception driver
435		228 = /dev/hpet		HPET driver
436		229 = /dev/fuse		Fuse (virtual filesystem in user-space)
437		230 = /dev/midishare	MidiShare driver
438		240-254			Reserved for local use
439		255			Reserved for MISC_DYNAMIC_MINOR
440
441 11 char	Raw keyboard device	(Linux/SPARC only)
442		  0 = /dev/kbd		Raw keyboard device
443
444 11 char	Serial Mux device	(Linux/PA-RISC only)
445		  0 = /dev/ttyB0	First mux port
446		  1 = /dev/ttyB1	Second mux port
447		    ...
448
449 11 block	SCSI CD-ROM devices
450		  0 = /dev/scd0		First SCSI CD-ROM
451		  1 = /dev/scd1		Second SCSI CD-ROM
452		    ...
453
454		The prefix /dev/sr (instead of /dev/scd) has been deprecated.
455
456 12 char	QIC-02 tape
457		  2 = /dev/ntpqic11	QIC-11, no rewind-on-close
458		  3 = /dev/tpqic11	QIC-11, rewind-on-close
459		  4 = /dev/ntpqic24	QIC-24, no rewind-on-close
460		  5 = /dev/tpqic24	QIC-24, rewind-on-close
461		  6 = /dev/ntpqic120	QIC-120, no rewind-on-close
462		  7 = /dev/tpqic120	QIC-120, rewind-on-close
463		  8 = /dev/ntpqic150	QIC-150, no rewind-on-close
464		  9 = /dev/tpqic150	QIC-150, rewind-on-close
465
466		The device names specified are proposed -- if there
467		are "standard" names for these devices, please let me know.
468
469 12 block	MSCDEX CD-ROM callback support {2.6}
470		  0 = /dev/dos_cd0	First MSCDEX CD-ROM
471		  1 = /dev/dos_cd1	Second MSCDEX CD-ROM
472		    ...
473
474 13 char	Input core
475		  0 = /dev/input/js0	First joystick
476		  1 = /dev/input/js1	Second joystick
477		    ...
478		 32 = /dev/input/mouse0	First mouse
479		 33 = /dev/input/mouse1	Second mouse
480		    ...
481		 63 = /dev/input/mice	Unified mouse
482		 64 = /dev/input/event0	First event queue
483		 65 = /dev/input/event1	Second event queue
484		    ...
485
486		Each device type has 5 bits (32 minors).
487
488 13 block	8-bit MFM/RLL/IDE controller
489		  0 = /dev/xda		First XT disk whole disk
490		 64 = /dev/xdb		Second XT disk whole disk
491
492		Partitions are handled in the same way as IDE disks
493		(see major number 3).
494
495 14 char	Open Sound System (OSS)
496		  0 = /dev/mixer	Mixer control
497		  1 = /dev/sequencer	Audio sequencer
498		  2 = /dev/midi00	First MIDI port
499		  3 = /dev/dsp		Digital audio
500		  4 = /dev/audio	Sun-compatible digital audio
501		  6 = /dev/sndstat	Sound card status information {2.6}
502		  7 = /dev/audioctl	SPARC audio control device
503		  8 = /dev/sequencer2	Sequencer -- alternate device
504		 16 = /dev/mixer1	Second soundcard mixer control
505		 17 = /dev/patmgr0	Sequencer patch manager
506		 18 = /dev/midi01	Second MIDI port
507		 19 = /dev/dsp1		Second soundcard digital audio
508		 20 = /dev/audio1	Second soundcard Sun digital audio
509		 33 = /dev/patmgr1	Sequencer patch manager
510		 34 = /dev/midi02	Third MIDI port
511		 50 = /dev/midi03	Fourth MIDI port
512
513 14 block	BIOS harddrive callback support {2.6}
514		  0 = /dev/dos_hda	First BIOS harddrive whole disk
515		 64 = /dev/dos_hdb	Second BIOS harddrive whole disk
516		128 = /dev/dos_hdc	Third BIOS harddrive whole disk
517		192 = /dev/dos_hdd	Fourth BIOS harddrive whole disk
518
519		Partitions are handled in the same way as IDE disks
520		(see major number 3).
521
522 15 char	Joystick
523		  0 = /dev/js0		First analog joystick
524		  1 = /dev/js1		Second analog joystick
525		    ...
526		128 = /dev/djs0		First digital joystick
527		129 = /dev/djs1		Second digital joystick
528		    ...
529 15 block	Sony CDU-31A/CDU-33A CD-ROM
530		  0 = /dev/sonycd	Sony CDU-31a CD-ROM
531
532 16 char	Non-SCSI scanners
533		  0 = /dev/gs4500	Genius 4500 handheld scanner
534
535 16 block	GoldStar CD-ROM
536		  0 = /dev/gscd		GoldStar CD-ROM
537
538 17 char	Chase serial card
539		  0 = /dev/ttyH0	First Chase port
540		  1 = /dev/ttyH1	Second Chase port
541		    ...
542 17 block	Optics Storage CD-ROM
543		  0 = /dev/optcd	Optics Storage CD-ROM
544
545 18 char	Chase serial card - alternate devices
546		  0 = /dev/cuh0		Callout device for ttyH0
547		  1 = /dev/cuh1		Callout device for ttyH1
548		    ...
549 18 block	Sanyo CD-ROM
550		  0 = /dev/sjcd		Sanyo CD-ROM
551
552 19 char	Cyclades serial card
553		  0 = /dev/ttyC0	First Cyclades port
554		    ...
555		 31 = /dev/ttyC31	32nd Cyclades port
556
557 19 block	"Double" compressed disk
558		  0 = /dev/double0	First compressed disk
559		    ...
560		  7 = /dev/double7	Eighth compressed disk
561		128 = /dev/cdouble0	Mirror of first compressed disk
562		    ...
563		135 = /dev/cdouble7	Mirror of eighth compressed disk
564
565		See the Double documentation for the meaning of the
566		mirror devices.
567
568 20 char	Cyclades serial card - alternate devices
569		  0 = /dev/cub0		Callout device for ttyC0
570		    ...
571		 31 = /dev/cub31	Callout device for ttyC31
572
573 20 block	Hitachi CD-ROM (under development)
574		  0 = /dev/hitcd	Hitachi CD-ROM
575
576 21 char	Generic SCSI access
577		  0 = /dev/sg0		First generic SCSI device
578		  1 = /dev/sg1		Second generic SCSI device
579		    ...
580
581		Most distributions name these /dev/sga, /dev/sgb...;
582		this sets an unnecessary limit of 26 SCSI devices in
583		the system and is counter to standard Linux
584		device-naming practice.
585
586 21 block	Acorn MFM hard drive interface
587		  0 = /dev/mfma		First MFM drive whole disk
588		 64 = /dev/mfmb		Second MFM drive whole disk
589
590		This device is used on the ARM-based Acorn RiscPC.
591		Partitions are handled the same way as for IDE disks
592		(see major number 3).
593
594 22 char	Digiboard serial card
595		  0 = /dev/ttyD0	First Digiboard port
596		  1 = /dev/ttyD1	Second Digiboard port
597		    ...
598 22 block	Second IDE hard disk/CD-ROM interface
599		  0 = /dev/hdc		Master: whole disk (or CD-ROM)
600		 64 = /dev/hdd		Slave: whole disk (or CD-ROM)
601
602		Partitions are handled the same way as for the first
603		interface (see major number 3).
604
605 23 char	Digiboard serial card - alternate devices
606		  0 = /dev/cud0		Callout device for ttyD0
607		  1 = /dev/cud1		Callout device for ttyD1
608		      ...
609 23 block	Mitsumi proprietary CD-ROM
610		  0 = /dev/mcd		Mitsumi CD-ROM
611
612 24 char	Stallion serial card
613		  0 = /dev/ttyE0	Stallion port 0 card 0
614		  1 = /dev/ttyE1	Stallion port 1 card 0
615		    ...
616		 64 = /dev/ttyE64	Stallion port 0 card 1
617		 65 = /dev/ttyE65	Stallion port 1 card 1
618		      ...
619		128 = /dev/ttyE128	Stallion port 0 card 2
620		129 = /dev/ttyE129	Stallion port 1 card 2
621		    ...
622		192 = /dev/ttyE192	Stallion port 0 card 3
623		193 = /dev/ttyE193	Stallion port 1 card 3
624		    ...
625 24 block	Sony CDU-535 CD-ROM
626		  0 = /dev/cdu535	Sony CDU-535 CD-ROM
627
628 25 char	Stallion serial card - alternate devices
629		  0 = /dev/cue0		Callout device for ttyE0
630		  1 = /dev/cue1		Callout device for ttyE1
631		    ...
632		 64 = /dev/cue64	Callout device for ttyE64
633		 65 = /dev/cue65	Callout device for ttyE65
634		    ...
635		128 = /dev/cue128	Callout device for ttyE128
636		129 = /dev/cue129	Callout device for ttyE129
637		    ...
638		192 = /dev/cue192	Callout device for ttyE192
639		193 = /dev/cue193	Callout device for ttyE193
640		      ...
641 25 block	First Matsushita (Panasonic/SoundBlaster) CD-ROM
642		  0 = /dev/sbpcd0	Panasonic CD-ROM controller 0 unit 0
643		  1 = /dev/sbpcd1	Panasonic CD-ROM controller 0 unit 1
644		  2 = /dev/sbpcd2	Panasonic CD-ROM controller 0 unit 2
645		  3 = /dev/sbpcd3	Panasonic CD-ROM controller 0 unit 3
646
647 26 char	Quanta WinVision frame grabber {2.6}
648		  0 = /dev/wvisfgrab	Quanta WinVision frame grabber
649
650 26 block	Second Matsushita (Panasonic/SoundBlaster) CD-ROM
651		  0 = /dev/sbpcd4	Panasonic CD-ROM controller 1 unit 0
652		  1 = /dev/sbpcd5	Panasonic CD-ROM controller 1 unit 1
653		  2 = /dev/sbpcd6	Panasonic CD-ROM controller 1 unit 2
654		  3 = /dev/sbpcd7	Panasonic CD-ROM controller 1 unit 3
655
656 27 char	QIC-117 tape
657		  0 = /dev/qft0		Unit 0, rewind-on-close
658		  1 = /dev/qft1		Unit 1, rewind-on-close
659		  2 = /dev/qft2		Unit 2, rewind-on-close
660		  3 = /dev/qft3		Unit 3, rewind-on-close
661		  4 = /dev/nqft0	Unit 0, no rewind-on-close
662		  5 = /dev/nqft1	Unit 1, no rewind-on-close
663		  6 = /dev/nqft2	Unit 2, no rewind-on-close
664		  7 = /dev/nqft3	Unit 3, no rewind-on-close
665		 16 = /dev/zqft0	Unit 0, rewind-on-close, compression
666		 17 = /dev/zqft1	Unit 1, rewind-on-close, compression
667		 18 = /dev/zqft2	Unit 2, rewind-on-close, compression
668		 19 = /dev/zqft3	Unit 3, rewind-on-close, compression
669		 20 = /dev/nzqft0	Unit 0, no rewind-on-close, compression
670		 21 = /dev/nzqft1	Unit 1, no rewind-on-close, compression
671		 22 = /dev/nzqft2	Unit 2, no rewind-on-close, compression
672		 23 = /dev/nzqft3	Unit 3, no rewind-on-close, compression
673		 32 = /dev/rawqft0	Unit 0, rewind-on-close, no file marks
674		 33 = /dev/rawqft1	Unit 1, rewind-on-close, no file marks
675		 34 = /dev/rawqft2	Unit 2, rewind-on-close, no file marks
676		 35 = /dev/rawqft3	Unit 3, rewind-on-close, no file marks
677		 36 = /dev/nrawqft0	Unit 0, no rewind-on-close, no file marks
678		 37 = /dev/nrawqft1	Unit 1, no rewind-on-close, no file marks
679		 38 = /dev/nrawqft2	Unit 2, no rewind-on-close, no file marks
680		 39 = /dev/nrawqft3	Unit 3, no rewind-on-close, no file marks
681
682 27 block	Third Matsushita (Panasonic/SoundBlaster) CD-ROM
683		  0 = /dev/sbpcd8	Panasonic CD-ROM controller 2 unit 0
684		  1 = /dev/sbpcd9	Panasonic CD-ROM controller 2 unit 1
685		  2 = /dev/sbpcd10	Panasonic CD-ROM controller 2 unit 2
686		  3 = /dev/sbpcd11	Panasonic CD-ROM controller 2 unit 3
687
688 28 char	Stallion serial card - card programming
689		  0 = /dev/staliomem0	First Stallion card I/O memory
690		  1 = /dev/staliomem1	Second Stallion card I/O memory
691		  2 = /dev/staliomem2	Third Stallion card I/O memory
692		  3 = /dev/staliomem3	Fourth Stallion card I/O memory
693
694 28 char	Atari SLM ACSI laser printer (68k/Atari)
695		  0 = /dev/slm0		First SLM laser printer
696		  1 = /dev/slm1		Second SLM laser printer
697		    ...
698 28 block	Fourth Matsushita (Panasonic/SoundBlaster) CD-ROM
699		  0 = /dev/sbpcd12	Panasonic CD-ROM controller 3 unit 0
700		  1 = /dev/sbpcd13	Panasonic CD-ROM controller 3 unit 1
701		  2 = /dev/sbpcd14	Panasonic CD-ROM controller 3 unit 2
702		  3 = /dev/sbpcd15	Panasonic CD-ROM controller 3 unit 3
703
704 28 block	ACSI disk (68k/Atari)
705		  0 = /dev/ada		First ACSI disk whole disk
706		 16 = /dev/adb		Second ACSI disk whole disk
707		 32 = /dev/adc		Third ACSI disk whole disk
708		    ...
709		240 = /dev/adp		16th ACSI disk whole disk
710
711		Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
712		disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
713		partitions is 15, like SCSI.
714
715 29 char	Universal frame buffer
716		  0 = /dev/fb0		First frame buffer
717		  1 = /dev/fb1		Second frame buffer
718		    ...
719		 31 = /dev/fb31		32nd frame buffer
720
721 29 block	Aztech/Orchid/Okano/Wearnes CD-ROM
722		  0 = /dev/aztcd	Aztech CD-ROM
723
724 30 char	iBCS-2 compatibility devices
725		  0 = /dev/socksys	Socket access
726		  1 = /dev/spx		SVR3 local X interface
727		 32 = /dev/inet/ip	Network access
728		 33 = /dev/inet/icmp
729		 34 = /dev/inet/ggp
730		 35 = /dev/inet/ipip
731		 36 = /dev/inet/tcp
732		 37 = /dev/inet/egp
733		 38 = /dev/inet/pup
734		 39 = /dev/inet/udp
735		 40 = /dev/inet/idp
736		 41 = /dev/inet/rawip
737
738		Additionally, iBCS-2 requires the following links:
739
740		/dev/ip -> /dev/inet/ip
741		/dev/icmp -> /dev/inet/icmp
742		/dev/ggp -> /dev/inet/ggp
743		/dev/ipip -> /dev/inet/ipip
744		/dev/tcp -> /dev/inet/tcp
745		/dev/egp -> /dev/inet/egp
746		/dev/pup -> /dev/inet/pup
747		/dev/udp -> /dev/inet/udp
748		/dev/idp -> /dev/inet/idp
749		/dev/rawip -> /dev/inet/rawip
750		/dev/inet/arp -> /dev/inet/udp
751		/dev/inet/rip -> /dev/inet/udp
752		/dev/nfsd -> /dev/socksys
753		/dev/X0R -> /dev/null (? apparently not required ?)
754
755 30 block	Philips LMS CM-205 CD-ROM
756		  0 = /dev/cm205cd	Philips LMS CM-205 CD-ROM
757
758		/dev/lmscd is an older name for this device.  This
759		driver does not work with the CM-205MS CD-ROM.
760
761 31 char	MPU-401 MIDI
762		  0 = /dev/mpu401data	MPU-401 data port
763		  1 = /dev/mpu401stat	MPU-401 status port
764
765 31 block	ROM/flash memory card
766		  0 = /dev/rom0		First ROM card (rw)
767		      ...
768		  7 = /dev/rom7		Eighth ROM card (rw)
769		  8 = /dev/rrom0	First ROM card (ro)
770		    ...
771		 15 = /dev/rrom7	Eighth ROM card (ro)
772		 16 = /dev/flash0	First flash memory card (rw)
773		    ...
774		 23 = /dev/flash7	Eighth flash memory card (rw)
775		 24 = /dev/rflash0	First flash memory card (ro)
776		    ...
777		 31 = /dev/rflash7	Eighth flash memory card (ro)
778
779		The read-write (rw) devices support back-caching
780		written data in RAM, as well as writing to flash RAM
781		devices.  The read-only devices (ro) support reading
782		only.
783
784 32 char	Specialix serial card
785		  0 = /dev/ttyX0	First Specialix port
786		  1 = /dev/ttyX1	Second Specialix port
787		    ...
788 32 block	Philips LMS CM-206 CD-ROM
789		  0 = /dev/cm206cd	Philips LMS CM-206 CD-ROM
790
791 33 char	Specialix serial card - alternate devices
792		  0 = /dev/cux0		Callout device for ttyX0
793		  1 = /dev/cux1		Callout device for ttyX1
794		    ...
795 33 block	Third IDE hard disk/CD-ROM interface
796		  0 = /dev/hde		Master: whole disk (or CD-ROM)
797		 64 = /dev/hdf		Slave: whole disk (or CD-ROM)
798
799		Partitions are handled the same way as for the first
800		interface (see major number 3).
801
802 34 char	Z8530 HDLC driver
803		  0 = /dev/scc0		First Z8530, first port
804		  1 = /dev/scc1		First Z8530, second port
805		  2 = /dev/scc2		Second Z8530, first port
806		  3 = /dev/scc3		Second Z8530, second port
807		    ...
808
809		In a previous version these devices were named
810		/dev/sc1 for /dev/scc0, /dev/sc2 for /dev/scc1, and so
811		on.
812
813 34 block	Fourth IDE hard disk/CD-ROM interface
814		  0 = /dev/hdg		Master: whole disk (or CD-ROM)
815		 64 = /dev/hdh		Slave: whole disk (or CD-ROM)
816
817		Partitions are handled the same way as for the first
818		interface (see major number 3).
819
820 35 char	tclmidi MIDI driver
821		  0 = /dev/midi0	First MIDI port, kernel timed
822		  1 = /dev/midi1	Second MIDI port, kernel timed
823		  2 = /dev/midi2	Third MIDI port, kernel timed
824		  3 = /dev/midi3	Fourth MIDI port, kernel timed
825		 64 = /dev/rmidi0	First MIDI port, untimed
826		 65 = /dev/rmidi1	Second MIDI port, untimed
827		 66 = /dev/rmidi2	Third MIDI port, untimed
828		 67 = /dev/rmidi3	Fourth MIDI port, untimed
829		128 = /dev/smpte0	First MIDI port, SMPTE timed
830		129 = /dev/smpte1	Second MIDI port, SMPTE timed
831		130 = /dev/smpte2	Third MIDI port, SMPTE timed
832		131 = /dev/smpte3	Fourth MIDI port, SMPTE timed
833
834 35 block	Slow memory ramdisk
835		  0 = /dev/slram	Slow memory ramdisk
836
837 36 char	Netlink support
838		  0 = /dev/route	Routing, device updates, kernel to user
839		  1 = /dev/skip		enSKIP security cache control
840		  3 = /dev/fwmonitor	Firewall packet copies
841		 16 = /dev/tap0		First Ethertap device
842		    ...
843		 31 = /dev/tap15	16th Ethertap device
844
845 36 block	MCA ESDI hard disk
846		  0 = /dev/eda		First ESDI disk whole disk
847		 64 = /dev/edb		Second ESDI disk whole disk
848		    ...
849
850		Partitions are handled in the same way as IDE disks
851		(see major number 3).
852
853 37 char	IDE tape
854		  0 = /dev/ht0		First IDE tape
855		  1 = /dev/ht1		Second IDE tape
856		    ...
857		128 = /dev/nht0		First IDE tape, no rewind-on-close
858		129 = /dev/nht1		Second IDE tape, no rewind-on-close
859		    ...
860
861		Currently, only one IDE tape drive is supported.
862
863 37 block	Zorro II ramdisk
864		  0 = /dev/z2ram	Zorro II ramdisk
865
866 38 char	Myricom PCI Myrinet board
867		  0 = /dev/mlanai0	First Myrinet board
868		  1 = /dev/mlanai1	Second Myrinet board
869		    ...
870
871		This device is used for status query, board control
872		and "user level packet I/O."  This board is also
873		accessible as a standard networking "eth" device.
874
875 38 block	Reserved for Linux/AP+
876
877 39 char	ML-16P experimental I/O board
878		  0 = /dev/ml16pa-a0	First card, first analog channel
879		  1 = /dev/ml16pa-a1	First card, second analog channel
880		    ...
881		 15 = /dev/ml16pa-a15	First card, 16th analog channel
882		 16 = /dev/ml16pa-d	First card, digital lines
883		 17 = /dev/ml16pa-c0	First card, first counter/timer
884		 18 = /dev/ml16pa-c1	First card, second counter/timer
885		 19 = /dev/ml16pa-c2	First card, third counter/timer
886		 32 = /dev/ml16pb-a0	Second card, first analog channel
887		 33 = /dev/ml16pb-a1	Second card, second analog channel
888		    ...
889		 47 = /dev/ml16pb-a15	Second card, 16th analog channel
890		 48 = /dev/ml16pb-d	Second card, digital lines
891		 49 = /dev/ml16pb-c0	Second card, first counter/timer
892		 50 = /dev/ml16pb-c1	Second card, second counter/timer
893		 51 = /dev/ml16pb-c2	Second card, third counter/timer
894		      ...
895 39 block	Reserved for Linux/AP+
896
897 40 char	Matrox Meteor frame grabber {2.6}
898		  0 = /dev/mmetfgrab	Matrox Meteor frame grabber
899
900 40 block	Syquest EZ135 parallel port removable drive
901		  0 = /dev/eza		Parallel EZ135 drive, whole disk
902
903		This device is obsolete and will be removed in a
904		future version of Linux.  It has been replaced with
905		the parallel port IDE disk driver at major number 45.
906		Partitions are handled in the same way as IDE disks
907		(see major number 3).
908
909 41 char	Yet Another Micro Monitor
910		  0 = /dev/yamm		Yet Another Micro Monitor
911
912 41 block	MicroSolutions BackPack parallel port CD-ROM
913		  0 = /dev/bpcd		BackPack CD-ROM
914
915		This device is obsolete and will be removed in a
916		future version of Linux.  It has been replaced with
917		the parallel port ATAPI CD-ROM driver at major number 46.
918
919 42 char	Demo/sample use
920
921 42 block	Demo/sample use
922
923		This number is intended for use in sample code, as
924		well as a general "example" device number.  It
925		should never be used for a device driver that is being
926		distributed; either obtain an official number or use
927		the local/experimental range.  The sudden addition or
928		removal of a driver with this number should not cause
929		ill effects to the system (bugs excepted.)
930
931		IN PARTICULAR, ANY DISTRIBUTION WHICH CONTAINS A
932		DEVICE DRIVER USING MAJOR NUMBER 42 IS NONCOMPLIANT.
933
934 43 char	isdn4linux virtual modem
935		  0 = /dev/ttyI0	First virtual modem
936		    ...
937		 63 = /dev/ttyI63	64th virtual modem
938
939 43 block	Network block devices
940		  0 = /dev/nb0		First network block device
941		  1 = /dev/nb1		Second network block device
942		    ...
943
944		Network Block Device is somehow similar to loopback
945		devices: If you read from it, it sends packet across
946		network asking server for data. If you write to it, it
947		sends packet telling server to write. It could be used
948		to mounting filesystems over the net, swapping over
949		the net, implementing block device in userland etc.
950
951 44 char	isdn4linux virtual modem - alternate devices
952		  0 = /dev/cui0		Callout device for ttyI0
953		    ...
954		 63 = /dev/cui63	Callout device for ttyI63
955
956 44 block	Flash Translation Layer (FTL) filesystems
957		  0 = /dev/ftla		FTL on first Memory Technology Device
958		 16 = /dev/ftlb		FTL on second Memory Technology Device
959		 32 = /dev/ftlc		FTL on third Memory Technology Device
960		    ...
961		240 = /dev/ftlp		FTL on 16th Memory Technology Device
962
963		Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
964		disks (see major number 3) except that the partition
965		limit is 15 rather than 63 per disk (same as SCSI.)
966
967 45 char	isdn4linux ISDN BRI driver
968		  0 = /dev/isdn0	First virtual B channel raw data
969		    ...
970		 63 = /dev/isdn63	64th virtual B channel raw data
971		 64 = /dev/isdnctrl0	First channel control/debug
972		    ...
973		127 = /dev/isdnctrl63	64th channel control/debug
974
975		128 = /dev/ippp0	First SyncPPP device
976		    ...
977		191 = /dev/ippp63	64th SyncPPP device
978
979		255 = /dev/isdninfo	ISDN monitor interface
980
981 45 block	Parallel port IDE disk devices
982		  0 = /dev/pda		First parallel port IDE disk
983		 16 = /dev/pdb		Second parallel port IDE disk
984		 32 = /dev/pdc		Third parallel port IDE disk
985		 48 = /dev/pdd		Fourth parallel port IDE disk
986
987		Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
988		disks (see major number 3) except that the partition
989		limit is 15 rather than 63 per disk.
990
991 46 char	Comtrol Rocketport serial card
992		  0 = /dev/ttyR0	First Rocketport port
993		  1 = /dev/ttyR1	Second Rocketport port
994		    ...
995 46 block	Parallel port ATAPI CD-ROM devices
996		  0 = /dev/pcd0		First parallel port ATAPI CD-ROM
997		  1 = /dev/pcd1		Second parallel port ATAPI CD-ROM
998		  2 = /dev/pcd2		Third parallel port ATAPI CD-ROM
999		  3 = /dev/pcd3		Fourth parallel port ATAPI CD-ROM
1000
1001 47 char	Comtrol Rocketport serial card - alternate devices
1002		  0 = /dev/cur0		Callout device for ttyR0
1003		  1 = /dev/cur1		Callout device for ttyR1
1004		    ...
1005 47 block	Parallel port ATAPI disk devices
1006		  0 = /dev/pf0		First parallel port ATAPI disk
1007		  1 = /dev/pf1		Second parallel port ATAPI disk
1008		  2 = /dev/pf2		Third parallel port ATAPI disk
1009		  3 = /dev/pf3		Fourth parallel port ATAPI disk
1010
1011		This driver is intended for floppy disks and similar
1012		devices and hence does not support partitioning.
1013
1014 48 char	SDL RISCom serial card
1015		  0 = /dev/ttyL0	First RISCom port
1016		  1 = /dev/ttyL1	Second RISCom port
1017		    ...
1018 48 block	Mylex DAC960 PCI RAID controller; first controller
1019		  0 = /dev/rd/c0d0	First disk, whole disk
1020		  8 = /dev/rd/c0d1	Second disk, whole disk
1021		    ...
1022		248 = /dev/rd/c0d31	32nd disk, whole disk
1023
1024		For partitions add:
1025		  0 = /dev/rd/c?d?	Whole disk
1026		  1 = /dev/rd/c?d?p1	First partition
1027		    ...
1028		  7 = /dev/rd/c?d?p7	Seventh partition
1029
1030 49 char	SDL RISCom serial card - alternate devices
1031		  0 = /dev/cul0		Callout device for ttyL0
1032		  1 = /dev/cul1		Callout device for ttyL1
1033		    ...
1034 49 block	Mylex DAC960 PCI RAID controller; second controller
1035		  0 = /dev/rd/c1d0	First disk, whole disk
1036		  8 = /dev/rd/c1d1	Second disk, whole disk
1037		    ...
1038		248 = /dev/rd/c1d31	32nd disk, whole disk
1039
1040		Partitions are handled as for major 48.
1041
1042 50 char	Reserved for GLINT
1043
1044 50 block	Mylex DAC960 PCI RAID controller; third controller
1045		  0 = /dev/rd/c2d0	First disk, whole disk
1046		  8 = /dev/rd/c2d1	Second disk, whole disk
1047		    ...
1048		248 = /dev/rd/c2d31	32nd disk, whole disk
1049
1050 51 char	Baycom radio modem OR Radio Tech BIM-XXX-RS232 radio modem
1051		  0 = /dev/bc0		First Baycom radio modem
1052		  1 = /dev/bc1		Second Baycom radio modem
1053		    ...
1054 51 block	Mylex DAC960 PCI RAID controller; fourth controller
1055		  0 = /dev/rd/c3d0	First disk, whole disk
1056		  8 = /dev/rd/c3d1	Second disk, whole disk
1057		    ...
1058		248 = /dev/rd/c3d31	32nd disk, whole disk
1059
1060		Partitions are handled as for major 48.
1061
1062 52 char	Spellcaster DataComm/BRI ISDN card
1063		  0 = /dev/dcbri0	First DataComm card
1064		  1 = /dev/dcbri1	Second DataComm card
1065		  2 = /dev/dcbri2	Third DataComm card
1066		  3 = /dev/dcbri3	Fourth DataComm card
1067
1068 52 block	Mylex DAC960 PCI RAID controller; fifth controller
1069		  0 = /dev/rd/c4d0	First disk, whole disk
1070		  8 = /dev/rd/c4d1	Second disk, whole disk
1071		    ...
1072		248 = /dev/rd/c4d31	32nd disk, whole disk
1073
1074		Partitions are handled as for major 48.
1075
1076 53 char	BDM interface for remote debugging MC683xx microcontrollers
1077		  0 = /dev/pd_bdm0	PD BDM interface on lp0
1078		  1 = /dev/pd_bdm1	PD BDM interface on lp1
1079		  2 = /dev/pd_bdm2	PD BDM interface on lp2
1080		  4 = /dev/icd_bdm0	ICD BDM interface on lp0
1081		  5 = /dev/icd_bdm1	ICD BDM interface on lp1
1082		  6 = /dev/icd_bdm2	ICD BDM interface on lp2
1083
1084		This device is used for the interfacing to the MC683xx
1085		microcontrollers via Background Debug Mode by use of a
1086		Parallel Port interface. PD is the Motorola Public
1087		Domain Interface and ICD is the commercial interface
1088		by P&E.
1089
1090 53 block	Mylex DAC960 PCI RAID controller; sixth controller
1091		  0 = /dev/rd/c5d0	First disk, whole disk
1092		  8 = /dev/rd/c5d1	Second disk, whole disk
1093		    ...
1094		248 = /dev/rd/c5d31	32nd disk, whole disk
1095
1096		Partitions are handled as for major 48.
1097
1098 54 char	Electrocardiognosis Holter serial card
1099		  0 = /dev/holter0	First Holter port
1100		  1 = /dev/holter1	Second Holter port
1101		  2 = /dev/holter2	Third Holter port
1102
1103		A custom serial card used by Electrocardiognosis SRL
1104		<mseritan@ottonel.pub.ro> to transfer data from Holter
1105		24-hour heart monitoring equipment.
1106
1107 54 block	Mylex DAC960 PCI RAID controller; seventh controller
1108		  0 = /dev/rd/c6d0	First disk, whole disk
1109		  8 = /dev/rd/c6d1	Second disk, whole disk
1110		    ...
1111		248 = /dev/rd/c6d31	32nd disk, whole disk
1112
1113		Partitions are handled as for major 48.
1114
1115 55 char	DSP56001 digital signal processor
1116		  0 = /dev/dsp56k	First DSP56001
1117
1118 55 block	Mylex DAC960 PCI RAID controller; eighth controller
1119		  0 = /dev/rd/c7d0	First disk, whole disk
1120		  8 = /dev/rd/c7d1	Second disk, whole disk
1121		    ...
1122		248 = /dev/rd/c7d31	32nd disk, whole disk
1123
1124		Partitions are handled as for major 48.
1125
1126 56 char	Apple Desktop Bus
1127		  0 = /dev/adb		ADB bus control
1128
1129		Additional devices will be added to this number, all
1130		starting with /dev/adb.
1131
1132 56 block	Fifth IDE hard disk/CD-ROM interface
1133		  0 = /dev/hdi		Master: whole disk (or CD-ROM)
1134		 64 = /dev/hdj		Slave: whole disk (or CD-ROM)
1135
1136		Partitions are handled the same way as for the first
1137		interface (see major number 3).
1138
1139 57 char	Hayes ESP serial card
1140		  0 = /dev/ttyP0	First ESP port
1141		  1 = /dev/ttyP1	Second ESP port
1142		    ...
1143
1144 57 block	Sixth IDE hard disk/CD-ROM interface
1145		  0 = /dev/hdk		Master: whole disk (or CD-ROM)
1146		 64 = /dev/hdl		Slave: whole disk (or CD-ROM)
1147
1148		Partitions are handled the same way as for the first
1149		interface (see major number 3).
1150
1151 58 char	Hayes ESP serial card - alternate devices
1152		  0 = /dev/cup0		Callout device for ttyP0
1153		  1 = /dev/cup1		Callout device for ttyP1
1154		    ...
1155
1156 58 block	Reserved for logical volume manager
1157
1158 59 char	sf firewall package
1159		  0 = /dev/firewall	Communication with sf kernel module
1160
1161 59 block	Generic PDA filesystem device
1162		  0 = /dev/pda0		First PDA device
1163		  1 = /dev/pda1		Second PDA device
1164		    ...
1165
1166		The pda devices are used to mount filesystems on
1167		remote pda's (basically slow handheld machines with
1168		proprietary OS's and limited memory and storage
1169		running small fs translation drivers) through serial /
1170		IRDA / parallel links.
1171
1172		NAMING CONFLICT -- PROPOSED REVISED NAME /dev/rpda0 etc
1173
1174 60-63 char	LOCAL/EXPERIMENTAL USE
1175
1176 60-63 block	LOCAL/EXPERIMENTAL USE
1177		Allocated for local/experimental use.  For devices not
1178		assigned official numbers, these ranges should be
1179		used in order to avoid conflicting with future assignments.
1180
1181 64 char	ENskip kernel encryption package
1182		  0 = /dev/enskip	Communication with ENskip kernel module
1183
1184 64 block	Scramdisk/DriveCrypt encrypted devices
1185		  0 = /dev/scramdisk/master    Master node for ioctls
1186		  1 = /dev/scramdisk/1         First encrypted device
1187		  2 = /dev/scramdisk/2         Second encrypted device
1188		  ...
1189		255 = /dev/scramdisk/255       255th encrypted device
1190
1191		The filename of the encrypted container and the passwords
1192		are sent via ioctls (using the sdmount tool) to the master
1193		node which then activates them via one of the
1194		/dev/scramdisk/x nodes for loop mounting (all handled
1195		through the sdmount tool).
1196
1197		Requested by: andy@scramdisklinux.org
1198
1199 65 char	Sundance "plink" Transputer boards (obsolete, unused)
1200		  0 = /dev/plink0	First plink device
1201		  1 = /dev/plink1	Second plink device
1202		  2 = /dev/plink2	Third plink device
1203		  3 = /dev/plink3	Fourth plink device
1204		 64 = /dev/rplink0	First plink device, raw
1205		 65 = /dev/rplink1	Second plink device, raw
1206		 66 = /dev/rplink2	Third plink device, raw
1207		 67 = /dev/rplink3	Fourth plink device, raw
1208		128 = /dev/plink0d	First plink device, debug
1209		129 = /dev/plink1d	Second plink device, debug
1210		130 = /dev/plink2d	Third plink device, debug
1211		131 = /dev/plink3d	Fourth plink device, debug
1212		192 = /dev/rplink0d	First plink device, raw, debug
1213		193 = /dev/rplink1d	Second plink device, raw, debug
1214		194 = /dev/rplink2d	Third plink device, raw, debug
1215		195 = /dev/rplink3d	Fourth plink device, raw, debug
1216
1217		This is a commercial driver; contact James Howes
1218		<jth@prosig.demon.co.uk> for information.
1219
1220 65 block	SCSI disk devices (16-31)
1221		  0 = /dev/sdq		17th SCSI disk whole disk
1222		 16 = /dev/sdr		18th SCSI disk whole disk
1223		 32 = /dev/sds		19th SCSI disk whole disk
1224		    ...
1225		240 = /dev/sdaf		32nd SCSI disk whole disk
1226
1227		Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
1228		disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
1229		partitions is 15.
1230
1231 66 char	YARC PowerPC PCI coprocessor card
1232		  0 = /dev/yppcpci0	First YARC card
1233		  1 = /dev/yppcpci1	Second YARC card
1234		    ...
1235
1236 66 block	SCSI disk devices (32-47)
1237		  0 = /dev/sdag		33th SCSI disk whole disk
1238		 16 = /dev/sdah		34th SCSI disk whole disk
1239		 32 = /dev/sdai		35th SCSI disk whole disk
1240		    ...
1241		240 = /dev/sdav		48nd SCSI disk whole disk
1242
1243		Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
1244		disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
1245		partitions is 15.
1246
1247 67 char	Coda network file system
1248		  0 = /dev/cfs0		Coda cache manager
1249
1250		See http://www.coda.cs.cmu.edu for information about Coda.
1251
1252 67 block	SCSI disk devices (48-63)
1253		  0 = /dev/sdaw		49th SCSI disk whole disk
1254		 16 = /dev/sdax		50th SCSI disk whole disk
1255		 32 = /dev/sday		51st SCSI disk whole disk
1256		    ...
1257		240 = /dev/sdbl		64th SCSI disk whole disk
1258
1259		Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
1260		disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
1261		partitions is 15.
1262
1263 68 char	CAPI 2.0 interface
1264		  0 = /dev/capi20	Control device
1265		  1 = /dev/capi20.00	First CAPI 2.0 application
1266		  2 = /dev/capi20.01	Second CAPI 2.0 application
1267		    ...
1268		 20 = /dev/capi20.19	19th CAPI 2.0 application
1269
1270		ISDN CAPI 2.0 driver for use with CAPI 2.0
1271		applications; currently supports the AVM B1 card.
1272
1273 68 block	SCSI disk devices (64-79)
1274		  0 = /dev/sdbm		65th SCSI disk whole disk
1275		 16 = /dev/sdbn		66th SCSI disk whole disk
1276		 32 = /dev/sdbo		67th SCSI disk whole disk
1277		    ...
1278		240 = /dev/sdcb		80th SCSI disk whole disk
1279
1280		Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
1281		disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
1282		partitions is 15.
1283
1284 69 char	MA16 numeric accelerator card
1285		  0 = /dev/ma16		Board memory access
1286
1287 69 block	SCSI disk devices (80-95)
1288		  0 = /dev/sdcc		81st SCSI disk whole disk
1289		 16 = /dev/sdcd		82nd SCSI disk whole disk
1290		 32 = /dev/sdce		83th SCSI disk whole disk
1291		    ...
1292		240 = /dev/sdcr		96th SCSI disk whole disk
1293
1294		Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
1295		disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
1296		partitions is 15.
1297
1298 70 char	SpellCaster Protocol Services Interface
1299		  0 = /dev/apscfg	Configuration interface
1300		  1 = /dev/apsauth	Authentication interface
1301		  2 = /dev/apslog	Logging interface
1302		  3 = /dev/apsdbg	Debugging interface
1303		 64 = /dev/apsisdn	ISDN command interface
1304		 65 = /dev/apsasync	Async command interface
1305		128 = /dev/apsmon	Monitor interface
1306
1307 70 block	SCSI disk devices (96-111)
1308		  0 = /dev/sdcs		97th SCSI disk whole disk
1309		 16 = /dev/sdct		98th SCSI disk whole disk
1310		 32 = /dev/sdcu		99th SCSI disk whole disk
1311		    ...
1312		240 = /dev/sddh		112nd SCSI disk whole disk
1313
1314		Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
1315		disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
1316		partitions is 15.
1317
1318 71 char	Computone IntelliPort II serial card
1319		  0 = /dev/ttyF0	IntelliPort II board 0, port 0
1320		  1 = /dev/ttyF1	IntelliPort II board 0, port 1
1321		    ...
1322		 63 = /dev/ttyF63	IntelliPort II board 0, port 63
1323		 64 = /dev/ttyF64	IntelliPort II board 1, port 0
1324		 65 = /dev/ttyF65	IntelliPort II board 1, port 1
1325		    ...
1326		127 = /dev/ttyF127	IntelliPort II board 1, port 63
1327		128 = /dev/ttyF128	IntelliPort II board 2, port 0
1328		129 = /dev/ttyF129	IntelliPort II board 2, port 1
1329		    ...
1330		191 = /dev/ttyF191	IntelliPort II board 2, port 63
1331		192 = /dev/ttyF192	IntelliPort II board 3, port 0
1332		193 = /dev/ttyF193	IntelliPort II board 3, port 1
1333		    ...
1334		255 = /dev/ttyF255	IntelliPort II board 3, port 63
1335
1336 71 block	SCSI disk devices (112-127)
1337		  0 = /dev/sddi		113th SCSI disk whole disk
1338		 16 = /dev/sddj		114th SCSI disk whole disk
1339		 32 = /dev/sddk		115th SCSI disk whole disk
1340		    ...
1341		240 = /dev/sddx		128th SCSI disk whole disk
1342
1343		Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
1344		disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
1345		partitions is 15.
1346
1347 72 char	Computone IntelliPort II serial card - alternate devices
1348		  0 = /dev/cuf0		Callout device for ttyF0
1349		  1 = /dev/cuf1		Callout device for ttyF1
1350		    ...
1351		 63 = /dev/cuf63	Callout device for ttyF63
1352		 64 = /dev/cuf64	Callout device for ttyF64
1353		 65 = /dev/cuf65	Callout device for ttyF65
1354		    ...
1355		127 = /dev/cuf127	Callout device for ttyF127
1356		128 = /dev/cuf128	Callout device for ttyF128
1357		129 = /dev/cuf129	Callout device for ttyF129
1358		    ...
1359		191 = /dev/cuf191	Callout device for ttyF191
1360		192 = /dev/cuf192	Callout device for ttyF192
1361		193 = /dev/cuf193	Callout device for ttyF193
1362		    ...
1363		255 = /dev/cuf255	Callout device for ttyF255
1364
1365 72 block	Compaq Intelligent Drive Array, first controller
1366		  0 = /dev/ida/c0d0	First logical drive whole disk
1367		 16 = /dev/ida/c0d1	Second logical drive whole disk
1368		    ...
1369		240 = /dev/ida/c0d15	16th logical drive whole disk
1370
1371		Partitions are handled the same way as for Mylex
1372		DAC960 (see major number 48) except that the limit on
1373		partitions is 15.
1374
1375 73 char	Computone IntelliPort II serial card - control devices
1376		  0 = /dev/ip2ipl0	Loadware device for board 0
1377		  1 = /dev/ip2stat0	Status device for board 0
1378		  4 = /dev/ip2ipl1	Loadware device for board 1
1379		  5 = /dev/ip2stat1	Status device for board 1
1380		  8 = /dev/ip2ipl2	Loadware device for board 2
1381		  9 = /dev/ip2stat2	Status device for board 2
1382		 12 = /dev/ip2ipl3	Loadware device for board 3
1383		 13 = /dev/ip2stat3	Status device for board 3
1384
1385 73 block	Compaq Intelligent Drive Array, second controller
1386		  0 = /dev/ida/c1d0	First logical drive whole disk
1387		 16 = /dev/ida/c1d1	Second logical drive whole disk
1388		    ...
1389		240 = /dev/ida/c1d15	16th logical drive whole disk
1390
1391		Partitions are handled the same way as for Mylex
1392		DAC960 (see major number 48) except that the limit on
1393		partitions is 15.
1394
1395 74 char	SCI bridge
1396		  0 = /dev/SCI/0	SCI device 0
1397		  1 = /dev/SCI/1	SCI device 1
1398		    ...
1399
1400		Currently for Dolphin Interconnect Solutions' PCI-SCI
1401		bridge.
1402
1403 74 block	Compaq Intelligent Drive Array, third controller
1404		  0 = /dev/ida/c2d0	First logical drive whole disk
1405		 16 = /dev/ida/c2d1	Second logical drive whole disk
1406		    ...
1407		240 = /dev/ida/c2d15	16th logical drive whole disk
1408
1409		Partitions are handled the same way as for Mylex
1410		DAC960 (see major number 48) except that the limit on
1411		partitions is 15.
1412
1413 75 char	Specialix IO8+ serial card
1414		  0 = /dev/ttyW0	First IO8+ port, first card
1415		  1 = /dev/ttyW1	Second IO8+ port, first card
1416		    ...
1417		  8 = /dev/ttyW8	First IO8+ port, second card
1418		    ...
1419
1420 75 block	Compaq Intelligent Drive Array, fourth controller
1421		  0 = /dev/ida/c3d0	First logical drive whole disk
1422		 16 = /dev/ida/c3d1	Second logical drive whole disk
1423		    ...
1424		240 = /dev/ida/c3d15	16th logical drive whole disk
1425
1426		Partitions are handled the same way as for Mylex
1427		DAC960 (see major number 48) except that the limit on
1428		partitions is 15.
1429
1430 76 char	Specialix IO8+ serial card - alternate devices
1431		  0 = /dev/cuw0		Callout device for ttyW0
1432		  1 = /dev/cuw1		Callout device for ttyW1
1433		    ...
1434		  8 = /dev/cuw8		Callout device for ttyW8
1435		    ...
1436
1437 76 block	Compaq Intelligent Drive Array, fifth controller
1438		  0 = /dev/ida/c4d0	First logical drive whole disk
1439		 16 = /dev/ida/c4d1	Second logical drive whole disk
1440		    ...
1441		240 = /dev/ida/c4d15	16th logical drive whole disk
1442
1443		Partitions are handled the same way as for Mylex
1444		DAC960 (see major number 48) except that the limit on
1445		partitions is 15.
1446
1447
1448 77 char	ComScire Quantum Noise Generator
1449		  0 = /dev/qng		ComScire Quantum Noise Generator
1450
1451 77 block	Compaq Intelligent Drive Array, sixth controller
1452		  0 = /dev/ida/c5d0	First logical drive whole disk
1453		 16 = /dev/ida/c5d1	Second logical drive whole disk
1454		    ...
1455		240 = /dev/ida/c5d15	16th logical drive whole disk
1456
1457		Partitions are handled the same way as for Mylex
1458		DAC960 (see major number 48) except that the limit on
1459		partitions is 15.
1460
1461 78 char	PAM Software's multimodem boards
1462		  0 = /dev/ttyM0	First PAM modem
1463		  1 = /dev/ttyM1	Second PAM modem
1464		    ...
1465
1466 78 block	Compaq Intelligent Drive Array, seventh controller
1467		  0 = /dev/ida/c6d0	First logical drive whole disk
1468		 16 = /dev/ida/c6d1	Second logical drive whole disk
1469		    ...
1470		240 = /dev/ida/c6d15	16th logical drive whole disk
1471
1472		Partitions are handled the same way as for Mylex
1473		DAC960 (see major number 48) except that the limit on
1474		partitions is 15.
1475
1476 79 char	PAM Software's multimodem boards - alternate devices
1477		  0 = /dev/cum0		Callout device for ttyM0
1478		  1 = /dev/cum1		Callout device for ttyM1
1479		    ...
1480
1481 79 block	Compaq Intelligent Drive Array, eighth controller
1482		  0 = /dev/ida/c7d0	First logical drive whole disk
1483		 16 = /dev/ida/c7d1	Second logical drive whole disk
1484		    ...
1485		240 = /dev/ida/c715	16th logical drive whole disk
1486
1487		Partitions are handled the same way as for Mylex
1488		DAC960 (see major number 48) except that the limit on
1489		partitions is 15.
1490
1491 80 char	Photometrics AT200 CCD camera
1492		  0 = /dev/at200	Photometrics AT200 CCD camera
1493
1494 80 block	I2O hard disk
1495		  0 = /dev/i2o/hda	First I2O hard disk, whole disk
1496		 16 = /dev/i2o/hdb	Second I2O hard disk, whole disk
1497		    ...
1498		240 = /dev/i2o/hdp	16th I2O hard disk, whole disk
1499
1500		Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
1501		disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
1502		partitions is 15.
1503
1504 81 char	video4linux
1505		  0 = /dev/video0	Video capture/overlay device
1506		    ...
1507		 63 = /dev/video63	Video capture/overlay device
1508		 64 = /dev/radio0	Radio device
1509		    ...
1510		127 = /dev/radio63	Radio device
1511		192 = /dev/vtx0		Teletext device
1512		    ...
1513		223 = /dev/vtx31	Teletext device
1514		224 = /dev/vbi0		Vertical blank interrupt
1515		    ...
1516		255 = /dev/vbi31	Vertical blank interrupt
1517
1518 81 block	I2O hard disk
1519		  0 = /dev/i2o/hdq	17th I2O hard disk, whole disk
1520		 16 = /dev/i2o/hdr	18th I2O hard disk, whole disk
1521		    ...
1522		240 = /dev/i2o/hdaf	32nd I2O hard disk, whole disk
1523
1524		Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
1525		disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
1526		partitions is 15.
1527
1528 82 char	WiNRADiO communications receiver card
1529		  0 = /dev/winradio0	First WiNRADiO card
1530		  1 = /dev/winradio1	Second WiNRADiO card
1531		    ...
1532
1533		The driver and documentation may be obtained from
1534		http://www.proximity.com.au/~brian/winradio/
1535
1536 82 block	I2O hard disk
1537		  0 = /dev/i2o/hdag	33rd I2O hard disk, whole disk
1538		 16 = /dev/i2o/hdah	34th I2O hard disk, whole disk
1539		    ...
1540		240 = /dev/i2o/hdav	48th I2O hard disk, whole disk
1541
1542		Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
1543		disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
1544		partitions is 15.
1545
1546 83 char	Matrox mga_vid video driver
1547 		 0 = /dev/mga_vid0	1st video card
1548		 1 = /dev/mga_vid1	2nd video card
1549		 2 = /dev/mga_vid2	3rd video card
1550		  ...
1551	        15 = /dev/mga_vid15	16th video card
1552
1553 83 block	I2O hard disk
1554		  0 = /dev/i2o/hdaw	49th I2O hard disk, whole disk
1555		 16 = /dev/i2o/hdax	50th I2O hard disk, whole disk
1556		    ...
1557		240 = /dev/i2o/hdbl	64th I2O hard disk, whole disk
1558
1559		Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
1560		disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
1561		partitions is 15.
1562
1563 84 char	Ikon 1011[57] Versatec Greensheet Interface
1564		  0 = /dev/ihcp0	First Greensheet port
1565		  1 = /dev/ihcp1	Second Greensheet port
1566
1567 84 block	I2O hard disk
1568		  0 = /dev/i2o/hdbm	65th I2O hard disk, whole disk
1569		 16 = /dev/i2o/hdbn	66th I2O hard disk, whole disk
1570		    ...
1571		240 = /dev/i2o/hdcb	80th I2O hard disk, whole disk
1572
1573		Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
1574		disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
1575		partitions is 15.
1576
1577 85 char	Linux/SGI shared memory input queue
1578		  0 = /dev/shmiq	Master shared input queue
1579		  1 = /dev/qcntl0	First device pushed
1580		  2 = /dev/qcntl1	Second device pushed
1581		    ...
1582
1583 85 block	I2O hard disk
1584		  0 = /dev/i2o/hdcc	81st I2O hard disk, whole disk
1585		 16 = /dev/i2o/hdcd	82nd I2O hard disk, whole disk
1586		    ...
1587		240 = /dev/i2o/hdcr	96th I2O hard disk, whole disk
1588
1589		Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
1590		disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
1591		partitions is 15.
1592
1593 86 char	SCSI media changer
1594		  0 = /dev/sch0		First SCSI media changer
1595		  1 = /dev/sch1		Second SCSI media changer
1596		    ...
1597
1598 86 block	I2O hard disk
1599		  0 = /dev/i2o/hdcs	97th I2O hard disk, whole disk
1600		 16 = /dev/i2o/hdct	98th I2O hard disk, whole disk
1601		    ...
1602		240 = /dev/i2o/hddh	112th I2O hard disk, whole disk
1603
1604		Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
1605		disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
1606		partitions is 15.
1607
1608 87 char	Sony Control-A1 stereo control bus
1609		  0 = /dev/controla0	First device on chain
1610		  1 = /dev/controla1	Second device on chain
1611		    ...
1612
1613 87 block	I2O hard disk
1614		  0 = /dev/i2o/hddi	113rd I2O hard disk, whole disk
1615		 16 = /dev/i2o/hddj	114th I2O hard disk, whole disk
1616		    ...
1617		240 = /dev/i2o/hddx	128th I2O hard disk, whole disk
1618
1619		Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
1620		disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
1621		partitions is 15.
1622
1623 88 char	COMX synchronous serial card
1624		  0 = /dev/comx0	COMX channel 0
1625		  1 = /dev/comx1	COMX channel 1
1626		    ...
1627
1628 88 block	Seventh IDE hard disk/CD-ROM interface
1629		  0 = /dev/hdm		Master: whole disk (or CD-ROM)
1630		 64 = /dev/hdn		Slave: whole disk (or CD-ROM)
1631
1632		Partitions are handled the same way as for the first
1633		interface (see major number 3).
1634
1635 89 char	I2C bus interface
1636		  0 = /dev/i2c-0	First I2C adapter
1637		  1 = /dev/i2c-1	Second I2C adapter
1638		    ...
1639
1640 89 block	Eighth IDE hard disk/CD-ROM interface
1641		  0 = /dev/hdo		Master: whole disk (or CD-ROM)
1642		 64 = /dev/hdp		Slave: whole disk (or CD-ROM)
1643
1644		Partitions are handled the same way as for the first
1645		interface (see major number 3).
1646
1647 90 char	Memory Technology Device (RAM, ROM, Flash)
1648		  0 = /dev/mtd0		First MTD (rw)
1649		  1 = /dev/mtdr0	First MTD (ro)
1650		    ...
1651		 30 = /dev/mtd15	16th MTD (rw)
1652		 31 = /dev/mtdr15	16th MTD (ro)
1653
1654 90 block	Ninth IDE hard disk/CD-ROM interface
1655		  0 = /dev/hdq		Master: whole disk (or CD-ROM)
1656		 64 = /dev/hdr		Slave: whole disk (or CD-ROM)
1657
1658		Partitions are handled the same way as for the first
1659		interface (see major number 3).
1660
1661 91 char	CAN-Bus devices
1662		  0 = /dev/can0		First CAN-Bus controller
1663		  1 = /dev/can1		Second CAN-Bus controller
1664		    ...
1665
1666 91 block	Tenth IDE hard disk/CD-ROM interface
1667		  0 = /dev/hds		Master: whole disk (or CD-ROM)
1668		 64 = /dev/hdt		Slave: whole disk (or CD-ROM)
1669
1670		Partitions are handled the same way as for the first
1671		interface (see major number 3).
1672
1673 92 char	Reserved for ith Kommunikationstechnik MIC ISDN card
1674
1675 92 block	PPDD encrypted disk driver
1676		  0 = /dev/ppdd0	First encrypted disk
1677		  1 = /dev/ppdd1	Second encrypted disk
1678		    ...
1679
1680		Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
1681		disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
1682		partitions is 15.
1683
1684 93 char	IBM Smart Capture Card frame grabber {2.6}
1685		  0 = /dev/iscc0	First Smart Capture Card
1686		  1 = /dev/iscc1	Second Smart Capture Card
1687		    ...
1688		128 = /dev/isccctl0	First Smart Capture Card control
1689		129 = /dev/isccctl1	Second Smart Capture Card control
1690		    ...
1691
1692 93 block	NAND Flash Translation Layer filesystem
1693		  0 = /dev/nftla	First NFTL layer
1694		 16 = /dev/nftlb	Second NFTL layer
1695		    ...
1696		240 = /dev/nftlp	16th NTFL layer
1697
1698 94 char	miroVIDEO DC10/30 capture/playback device {2.6}
1699		  0 = /dev/dcxx0	First capture card
1700		  1 = /dev/dcxx1	Second capture card
1701		    ...
1702
1703 94 block	IBM S/390 DASD block storage
1704    		  0 = /dev/dasda First DASD device, major
1705    		  1 = /dev/dasda1 First DASD device, block 1
1706	    	  2 = /dev/dasda2 First DASD device, block 2
1707    		  3 = /dev/dasda3 First DASD device, block 3
1708    		  4 = /dev/dasdb Second DASD device, major
1709    		  5 = /dev/dasdb1 Second DASD device, block 1
1710    		  6 = /dev/dasdb2 Second DASD device, block 2
1711    		  7 = /dev/dasdb3 Second DASD device, block 3
1712		    ...
1713
1714 95 char	IP filter
1715		  0 = /dev/ipl		Filter control device/log file
1716		  1 = /dev/ipnat	NAT control device/log file
1717		  2 = /dev/ipstate	State information log file
1718		  3 = /dev/ipauth	Authentication control device/log file
1719		    ...
1720
1721 96 char	Parallel port ATAPI tape devices
1722		  0 = /dev/pt0		First parallel port ATAPI tape
1723		  1 = /dev/pt1		Second parallel port ATAPI tape
1724		    ...
1725		128 = /dev/npt0		First p.p. ATAPI tape, no rewind
1726		129 = /dev/npt1		Second p.p. ATAPI tape, no rewind
1727		    ...
1728
1729 96 block	Inverse NAND Flash Translation Layer
1730		  0 = /dev/inftla First INFTL layer
1731		 16 = /dev/inftlb Second INFTL layer
1732		    ...
1733		240 = /dev/inftlp	16th INTFL layer
1734
1735 97 char	Parallel port generic ATAPI interface
1736		  0 = /dev/pg0		First parallel port ATAPI device
1737		  1 = /dev/pg1		Second parallel port ATAPI device
1738		  2 = /dev/pg2		Third parallel port ATAPI device
1739		  3 = /dev/pg3		Fourth parallel port ATAPI device
1740
1741		These devices support the same API as the generic SCSI
1742		devices.
1743
1744 98 char	Control and Measurement Device (comedi)
1745		  0 = /dev/comedi0	First comedi device
1746		  1 = /dev/comedi1	Second comedi device
1747		    ...
1748
1749		See http://stm.lbl.gov/comedi or http://www.llp.fu-berlin.de/.
1750
1751 98 block	User-mode virtual block device
1752		  0 = /dev/ubda		First user-mode block device
1753		 16 = /dev/udbb		Second user-mode block device
1754		    ...
1755
1756		Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
1757		disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
1758		partitions is 15.
1759
1760		This device is used by the user-mode virtual kernel port.
1761
1762 99 char	Raw parallel ports
1763		  0 = /dev/parport0	First parallel port
1764		  1 = /dev/parport1	Second parallel port
1765		    ...
1766
1767 99 block	JavaStation flash disk
1768		  0 = /dev/jsfd		JavaStation flash disk
1769
1770100 char	Telephony for Linux
1771		  0 = /dev/phone0	First telephony device
1772		  1 = /dev/phone1	Second telephony device
1773		    ...
1774
1775101 char	Motorola DSP 56xxx board
1776		  0 = /dev/mdspstat	Status information
1777		  1 = /dev/mdsp1	First DSP board I/O controls
1778		    ...
1779		 16 = /dev/mdsp16	16th DSP board I/O controls
1780
1781101 block	AMI HyperDisk RAID controller
1782		  0 = /dev/amiraid/ar0	First array whole disk
1783		 16 = /dev/amiraid/ar1	Second array whole disk
1784		    ...
1785		240 = /dev/amiraid/ar15	16th array whole disk
1786
1787		For each device, partitions are added as:
1788		  0 = /dev/amiraid/ar?	  Whole disk
1789		  1 = /dev/amiraid/ar?p1  First partition
1790		  2 = /dev/amiraid/ar?p2  Second partition
1791		    ...
1792		 15 = /dev/amiraid/ar?p15 15th partition
1793
1794102 char	Philips SAA5249 Teletext signal decoder {2.6}
1795		  0 = /dev/tlk0		First Teletext decoder
1796		  1 = /dev/tlk1		Second Teletext decoder
1797		  2 = /dev/tlk2		Third Teletext decoder
1798		  3 = /dev/tlk3		Fourth Teletext decoder
1799
1800102 block	Compressed block device
1801		  0 = /dev/cbd/a	First compressed block device, whole device
1802		 16 = /dev/cbd/b	Second compressed block device, whole device
1803		    ...
1804		240 = /dev/cbd/p	16th compressed block device, whole device
1805
1806		Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
1807		disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
1808		partitions is 15.
1809
1810103 char	Arla network file system
1811		  0 = /dev/nnpfs0	First NNPFS device
1812		  1 = /dev/nnpfs1	Second NNPFS device
1813
1814		Arla is a free clone of the Andrew File System, AFS.
1815		The NNPFS device gives user mode filesystem
1816		implementations a kernel presence for caching and easy
1817		mounting.  For more information about the project,
1818		write to <arla-drinkers@stacken.kth.se> or see
1819		http://www.stacken.kth.se/project/arla/
1820
1821103 block	Audit device
1822		  0 = /dev/audit	Audit device
1823
1824104 char	Flash BIOS support
1825
1826104 block	Compaq Next Generation Drive Array, first controller
1827		  0 = /dev/cciss/c0d0	First logical drive, whole disk
1828		 16 = /dev/cciss/c0d1	Second logical drive, whole disk
1829		    ...
1830		240 = /dev/cciss/c0d15	16th logical drive, whole disk
1831
1832		Partitions are handled the same way as for Mylex
1833		DAC960 (see major number 48) except that the limit on
1834		partitions is 15.
1835
1836105 char	Comtrol VS-1000 serial controller
1837		  0 = /dev/ttyV0	First VS-1000 port
1838		  1 = /dev/ttyV1	Second VS-1000 port
1839		    ...
1840
1841105 block	Compaq Next Generation Drive Array, second controller
1842		  0 = /dev/cciss/c1d0	First logical drive, whole disk
1843		 16 = /dev/cciss/c1d1	Second logical drive, whole disk
1844		    ...
1845		240 = /dev/cciss/c1d15	16th logical drive, whole disk
1846
1847		Partitions are handled the same way as for Mylex
1848		DAC960 (see major number 48) except that the limit on
1849		partitions is 15.
1850
1851106 char	Comtrol VS-1000 serial controller - alternate devices
1852		  0 = /dev/cuv0		First VS-1000 port
1853		  1 = /dev/cuv1		Second VS-1000 port
1854		    ...
1855
1856106 block	Compaq Next Generation Drive Array, third controller
1857		  0 = /dev/cciss/c2d0	First logical drive, whole disk
1858		 16 = /dev/cciss/c2d1	Second logical drive, whole disk
1859		    ...
1860		240 = /dev/cciss/c2d15	16th logical drive, whole disk
1861
1862		Partitions are handled the same way as for Mylex
1863		DAC960 (see major number 48) except that the limit on
1864		partitions is 15.
1865
1866107 char	3Dfx Voodoo Graphics device
1867		  0 = /dev/3dfx		Primary 3Dfx graphics device
1868
1869107 block	Compaq Next Generation Drive Array, fourth controller
1870		  0 = /dev/cciss/c3d0	First logical drive, whole disk
1871		 16 = /dev/cciss/c3d1	Second logical drive, whole disk
1872		    ...
1873		240 = /dev/cciss/c3d15	16th logical drive, whole disk
1874
1875		Partitions are handled the same way as for Mylex
1876		DAC960 (see major number 48) except that the limit on
1877		partitions is 15.
1878
1879108 char	Device independent PPP interface
1880		  0 = /dev/ppp		Device independent PPP interface
1881
1882108 block	Compaq Next Generation Drive Array, fifth controller
1883		  0 = /dev/cciss/c4d0	First logical drive, whole disk
1884		 16 = /dev/cciss/c4d1	Second logical drive, whole disk
1885		    ...
1886		240 = /dev/cciss/c4d15	16th logical drive, whole disk
1887
1888		Partitions are handled the same way as for Mylex
1889		DAC960 (see major number 48) except that the limit on
1890		partitions is 15.
1891
1892109 char	Reserved for logical volume manager
1893
1894109 block	Compaq Next Generation Drive Array, sixth controller
1895		  0 = /dev/cciss/c5d0	First logical drive, whole disk
1896		 16 = /dev/cciss/c5d1	Second logical drive, whole disk
1897		    ...
1898		240 = /dev/cciss/c5d15	16th logical drive, whole disk
1899
1900		Partitions are handled the same way as for Mylex
1901		DAC960 (see major number 48) except that the limit on
1902		partitions is 15.
1903
1904110 char	miroMEDIA Surround board
1905		  0 = /dev/srnd0	First miroMEDIA Surround board
1906		  1 = /dev/srnd1	Second miroMEDIA Surround board
1907		    ...
1908
1909110 block	Compaq Next Generation Drive Array, seventh controller
1910		  0 = /dev/cciss/c6d0	First logical drive, whole disk
1911		 16 = /dev/cciss/c6d1	Second logical drive, whole disk
1912		    ...
1913		240 = /dev/cciss/c6d15	16th logical drive, whole disk
1914
1915		Partitions are handled the same way as for Mylex
1916		DAC960 (see major number 48) except that the limit on
1917		partitions is 15.
1918
1919111 char	Philips SAA7146-based audio/video card {2.6}
1920		  0 = /dev/av0		First A/V card
1921		  1 = /dev/av1		Second A/V card
1922		    ...
1923
1924111 block	Compaq Next Generation Drive Array, eighth controller
1925		  0 = /dev/cciss/c7d0	First logical drive, whole disk
1926		 16 = /dev/cciss/c7d1	Second logical drive, whole disk
1927		    ...
1928		240 = /dev/cciss/c7d15	16th logical drive, whole disk
1929
1930		Partitions are handled the same way as for Mylex
1931		DAC960 (see major number 48) except that the limit on
1932		partitions is 15.
1933
1934112 char	ISI serial card
1935		  0 = /dev/ttyM0	First ISI port
1936		  1 = /dev/ttyM1	Second ISI port
1937		    ...
1938
1939		There is currently a device-naming conflict between
1940		these and PAM multimodems (major 78).
1941
1942112 block	IBM iSeries virtual disk
1943		  0 = /dev/iseries/vda	First virtual disk, whole disk
1944		  8 = /dev/iseries/vdb	Second virtual disk, whole disk
1945		    ...
1946		200 = /dev/iseries/vdz	26th virtual disk, whole disk
1947		208 = /dev/iseries/vdaa	27th virtual disk, whole disk
1948		    ...
1949		248 = /dev/iseries/vdaf	32nd virtual disk, whole disk
1950
1951		Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
1952		disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
1953		partitions is 7.
1954
1955113 char	ISI serial card - alternate devices
1956		  0 = /dev/cum0		Callout device for ttyM0
1957		  1 = /dev/cum1		Callout device for ttyM1
1958		    ...
1959
1960113 block	IBM iSeries virtual CD-ROM
1961		  0 = /dev/iseries/vcda	First virtual CD-ROM
1962		  1 = /dev/iseries/vcdb	Second virtual CD-ROM
1963		    ...
1964
1965114 char	Picture Elements ISE board
1966		  0 = /dev/ise0		First ISE board
1967		  1 = /dev/ise1		Second ISE board
1968		    ...
1969		128 = /dev/isex0	Control node for first ISE board
1970		129 = /dev/isex1	Control node for second ISE board
1971		    ...
1972
1973		The ISE board is an embedded computer, optimized for
1974		image processing. The /dev/iseN nodes are the general
1975		I/O access to the board, the /dev/isex0 nodes command
1976		nodes used to control the board.
1977
1978114 block       IDE BIOS powered software RAID interfaces such as the
1979                Promise Fastrak
1980
1981                  0 = /dev/ataraid/d0
1982                  1 = /dev/ataraid/d0p1
1983                  2 = /dev/ataraid/d0p2
1984                  ...
1985                 16 = /dev/ataraid/d1
1986                 17 = /dev/ataraid/d1p1
1987                 18 = /dev/ataraid/d1p2
1988                  ...
1989                255 = /dev/ataraid/d15p15
1990
1991		Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
1992		disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
1993		partitions is 15.
1994
1995115 char	TI link cable devices (115 was formerly the console driver speaker)
1996		  0 = /dev/tipar0    Parallel cable on first parallel port
1997		  ...
1998		  7 = /dev/tipar7    Parallel cable on seventh parallel port
1999
2000		  8 = /dev/tiser0    Serial cable on first serial port
2001		  ...
2002		 15 = /dev/tiser7    Serial cable on seventh serial port
2003
2004		 16 = /dev/tiusb0    First USB cable
2005		  ...
2006		 47 = /dev/tiusb31   32nd USB cable
2007
2008115 block       NetWare (NWFS) Devices (0-255)
2009
2010                The NWFS (NetWare) devices are used to present a
2011                collection of NetWare Mirror Groups or NetWare
2012                Partitions as a logical storage segment for
2013                use in mounting NetWare volumes.  A maximum of
2014                256 NetWare volumes can be supported in a single
2015                machine.
2016
2017                http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/people/jmerkey/nwfs
2018
2019                0 = /dev/nwfs/v0    First NetWare (NWFS) Logical Volume
2020                1 = /dev/nwfs/v1    Second NetWare (NWFS) Logical Volume
2021                2 = /dev/nwfs/v2    Third NetWare (NWFS) Logical Volume
2022                      ...
2023                255 = /dev/nwfs/v255    Last NetWare (NWFS) Logical Volume
2024
2025116 char	Advanced Linux Sound Driver (ALSA)
2026
2027116 block       MicroMemory battery backed RAM adapter (NVRAM)
2028                Supports 16 boards, 15 partitions each.
2029                Requested by neilb at cse.unsw.edu.au.
2030
2031		 0 = /dev/umem/d0      Whole of first board
2032		 1 = /dev/umem/d0p1    First partition of first board
2033		 2 = /dev/umem/d0p2    Second partition of first board
2034		15 = /dev/umem/d0p15   15th partition of first board
2035
2036		16 = /dev/umem/d1      Whole of second board
2037		17 = /dev/umem/d1p1    First partition of second board
2038		    ...
2039		255= /dev/umem/d15p15  15th partition of 16th board.
2040
2041117 char	COSA/SRP synchronous serial card
2042		  0 = /dev/cosa0c0	1st board, 1st channel
2043		  1 = /dev/cosa0c1	1st board, 2nd channel
2044		    ...
2045		 16 = /dev/cosa1c0	2nd board, 1st channel
2046		 17 = /dev/cosa1c1	2nd board, 2nd channel
2047		    ...
2048
2049117 block       Enterprise Volume Management System (EVMS)
2050
2051                The EVMS driver uses a layered, plug-in model to provide
2052                unparalleled flexibility and extensibility in managing
2053                storage.  This allows for easy expansion or customization
2054                of various levels of volume management.  Requested by
2055                Mark Peloquin (peloquin at us.ibm.com).
2056
2057                Note: EVMS populates and manages all the devnodes in
2058                /dev/evms.
2059
2060                http://sf.net/projects/evms
2061
2062                  0 = /dev/evms/block_device   EVMS block device
2063                  1 = /dev/evms/legacyname1    First EVMS legacy device
2064                  2 = /dev/evms/legacyname2    Second EVMS legacy device
2065                    ...
2066                    Both ranges can grow (down or up) until they meet.
2067                    ...
2068                254 = /dev/evms/EVMSname2      Second EVMS native device
2069                255 = /dev/evms/EVMSname1      First EVMS native device
2070
2071                Note: legacyname(s) are derived from the normal legacy
2072                device names.  For example, /dev/hda5 would become
2073                /dev/evms/hda5.
2074
2075118 char	IBM Cryptographic Accelerator
2076		  0 = /dev/ica	Virtual interface to all IBM Crypto Accelerators
2077		  1 = /dev/ica0	IBMCA Device 0
2078		  2 = /dev/ica1	IBMCA Device 1
2079		    ...
2080
2081119 char	VMware virtual network control
2082		  0 = /dev/vmnet0	1st virtual network
2083		  1 = /dev/vmnet1	2nd virtual network
2084		    ...
2085
2086120-127 char	LOCAL/EXPERIMENTAL USE
2087
2088120-127 block	LOCAL/EXPERIMENTAL USE
2089		Allocated for local/experimental use.  For devices not
2090		assigned official numbers, these ranges should be
2091		used in order to avoid conflicting with future assignments.
2092
2093128-135 char	Unix98 PTY masters
2094
2095		These devices should not have corresponding device
2096		nodes; instead they should be accessed through the
2097		/dev/ptmx cloning interface.
2098
2099128 block       SCSI disk devices (128-143)
2100                  0 = /dev/sddy         129th SCSI disk whole disk
2101                 16 = /dev/sddz         130th SCSI disk whole disk
2102                 32 = /dev/sdea         131th SCSI disk whole disk
2103                    ...
2104                240 = /dev/sden         144th SCSI disk whole disk
2105
2106		Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
2107		disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
2108		partitions is 15.
2109
2110129 block       SCSI disk devices (144-159)
2111                  0 = /dev/sdeo         145th SCSI disk whole disk
2112                 16 = /dev/sdep         146th SCSI disk whole disk
2113                 32 = /dev/sdeq         147th SCSI disk whole disk
2114                    ...
2115                240 = /dev/sdfd         160th SCSI disk whole disk
2116
2117		Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
2118		disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
2119		partitions is 15.
2120
2121130 char 	(Misc devices)
2122
2123130 block       SCSI disk devices (160-175)
2124                  0 = /dev/sdfe         161st SCSI disk whole disk
2125                 16 = /dev/sdff         162nd SCSI disk whole disk
2126                 32 = /dev/sdfg         163rd SCSI disk whole disk
2127                    ...
2128                240 = /dev/sdft         176th SCSI disk whole disk
2129
2130		Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
2131		disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
2132		partitions is 15.
2133
2134131 block       SCSI disk devices (176-191)
2135                  0 = /dev/sdfu         177th SCSI disk whole disk
2136                 16 = /dev/sdfv         178th SCSI disk whole disk
2137                 32 = /dev/sdfw         179th SCSI disk whole disk
2138                    ...
2139                240 = /dev/sdgj         192nd SCSI disk whole disk
2140
2141		Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
2142		disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
2143		partitions is 15.
2144
2145132 block       SCSI disk devices (192-207)
2146                  0 = /dev/sdgk         193rd SCSI disk whole disk
2147                 16 = /dev/sdgl         194th SCSI disk whole disk
2148                 32 = /dev/sdgm         195th SCSI disk whole disk
2149                    ...
2150                240 = /dev/sdgz         208th SCSI disk whole disk
2151
2152		Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
2153		disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
2154		partitions is 15.
2155
2156133 block       SCSI disk devices (208-223)
2157                  0 = /dev/sdha         209th SCSI disk whole disk
2158                 16 = /dev/sdhb         210th SCSI disk whole disk
2159                 32 = /dev/sdhc         211th SCSI disk whole disk
2160                    ...
2161                240 = /dev/sdhp         224th SCSI disk whole disk
2162
2163		Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
2164		disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
2165		partitions is 15.
2166
2167134 block       SCSI disk devices (224-239)
2168                  0 = /dev/sdhq         225th SCSI disk whole disk
2169                 16 = /dev/sdhr         226th SCSI disk whole disk
2170                 32 = /dev/sdhs         227th SCSI disk whole disk
2171                    ...
2172                240 = /dev/sdif         240th SCSI disk whole disk
2173
2174		Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
2175		disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
2176		partitions is 15.
2177
2178135 block       SCSI disk devices (240-255)
2179                  0 = /dev/sdig         241st SCSI disk whole disk
2180                 16 = /dev/sdih         242nd SCSI disk whole disk
2181                 32 = /dev/sdih         243rd SCSI disk whole disk
2182                    ...
2183                240 = /dev/sdiv         256th SCSI disk whole disk
2184
2185		Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
2186		disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
2187		partitions is 15.
2188
2189136-143 char	Unix98 PTY slaves
2190		  0 = /dev/pts/0	First Unix98 pseudo-TTY
2191		  1 = /dev/pts/1	Second Unix98 pseudo-TTY
2192		    ...
2193
2194		These device nodes are automatically generated with
2195		the proper permissions and modes by mounting the
2196		devpts filesystem onto /dev/pts with the appropriate
2197		mount options (distribution dependent, however, on
2198		*most* distributions the appropriate options are
2199		"mode=0620,gid=<gid of the "tty" group>".)
2200
2201136 block	Mylex DAC960 PCI RAID controller; ninth controller
2202		  0 = /dev/rd/c8d0	First disk, whole disk
2203		  8 = /dev/rd/c8d1	Second disk, whole disk
2204		    ...
2205		248 = /dev/rd/c8d31	32nd disk, whole disk
2206
2207		Partitions are handled as for major 48.
2208
2209137 block	Mylex DAC960 PCI RAID controller; tenth controller
2210		  0 = /dev/rd/c9d0	First disk, whole disk
2211		  8 = /dev/rd/c9d1	Second disk, whole disk
2212		    ...
2213		248 = /dev/rd/c9d31	32nd disk, whole disk
2214
2215		Partitions are handled as for major 48.
2216
2217138 block	Mylex DAC960 PCI RAID controller; eleventh controller
2218		  0 = /dev/rd/c10d0	First disk, whole disk
2219		  8 = /dev/rd/c10d1	Second disk, whole disk
2220		    ...
2221		248 = /dev/rd/c10d31	32nd disk, whole disk
2222
2223		Partitions are handled as for major 48.
2224
2225139 block	Mylex DAC960 PCI RAID controller; twelfth controller
2226		  0 = /dev/rd/c11d0	First disk, whole disk
2227		  8 = /dev/rd/c11d1	Second disk, whole disk
2228		    ...
2229		248 = /dev/rd/c11d31	32nd disk, whole disk
2230
2231		Partitions are handled as for major 48.
2232
2233140 block	Mylex DAC960 PCI RAID controller; thirteenth controller
2234		  0 = /dev/rd/c12d0	First disk, whole disk
2235		  8 = /dev/rd/c12d1	Second disk, whole disk
2236		    ...
2237		248 = /dev/rd/c12d31	32nd disk, whole disk
2238
2239		Partitions are handled as for major 48.
2240
2241141 block	Mylex DAC960 PCI RAID controller; fourteenth controller
2242		  0 = /dev/rd/c13d0	First disk, whole disk
2243		  8 = /dev/rd/c13d1	Second disk, whole disk
2244		    ...
2245		248 = /dev/rd/c13d31	32nd disk, whole disk
2246
2247		Partitions are handled as for major 48.
2248
2249142 block	Mylex DAC960 PCI RAID controller; fifteenth controller
2250		  0 = /dev/rd/c14d0	First disk, whole disk
2251		  8 = /dev/rd/c14d1	Second disk, whole disk
2252		    ...
2253		248 = /dev/rd/c14d31	32nd disk, whole disk
2254
2255		Partitions are handled as for major 48.
2256
2257143 block	Mylex DAC960 PCI RAID controller; sixteenth controller
2258		  0 = /dev/rd/c15d0	First disk, whole disk
2259		  8 = /dev/rd/c15d1	Second disk, whole disk
2260		    ...
2261		248 = /dev/rd/c15d31	32nd disk, whole disk
2262
2263		Partitions are handled as for major 48.
2264
2265144 char	Encapsulated PPP
2266		  0 = /dev/pppox0	First PPP over Ethernet
2267		    ...
2268		 63 = /dev/pppox63	64th PPP over Ethernet
2269
2270		This is primarily used for ADSL.
2271
2272		The SST 5136-DN DeviceNet interface driver has been
2273		relocated to major 183 due to an unfortunate conflict.
2274
2275144 block	Expansion Area #1 for more non-device (e.g. NFS) mounts
2276		  0 = mounted device 256
2277		255 = mounted device 511
2278
2279145 char	SAM9407-based soundcard
2280		  0 = /dev/sam0_mixer
2281		  1 = /dev/sam0_sequencer
2282		  2 = /dev/sam0_midi00
2283		  3 = /dev/sam0_dsp
2284		  4 = /dev/sam0_audio
2285		  6 = /dev/sam0_sndstat
2286		 18 = /dev/sam0_midi01
2287		 34 = /dev/sam0_midi02
2288		 50 = /dev/sam0_midi03
2289		 64 = /dev/sam1_mixer
2290		    ...
2291		128 = /dev/sam2_mixer
2292		    ...
2293		192 = /dev/sam3_mixer
2294		    ...
2295
2296		Device functions match OSS, but offer a number of
2297		addons, which are sam9407 specific.  OSS can be
2298		operated simultaneously, taking care of the codec.
2299
2300145 block	Expansion Area #2 for more non-device (e.g. NFS) mounts
2301		  0 = mounted device 512
2302		255 = mounted device 767
2303
2304146 char	SYSTRAM SCRAMNet mirrored-memory network
2305		  0 = /dev/scramnet0	First SCRAMNet device
2306		  1 = /dev/scramnet1	Second SCRAMNet device
2307		    ...
2308
2309146 block	Expansion Area #3 for more non-device (e.g. NFS) mounts
2310		  0 = mounted device 768
2311		255 = mounted device 1023
2312
2313147 char	Aureal Semiconductor Vortex Audio device
2314		  0 = /dev/aureal0	First Aureal Vortex
2315		  1 = /dev/aureal1	Second Aureal Vortex
2316		    ...
2317
2318147 block	Distributed Replicated Block Device (DRBD)
2319		  0 = /dev/drbd0	First DRBD device
2320		  1 = /dev/drbd1	Second DRBD device
2321		    ...
2322
2323148 char	Technology Concepts serial card
2324		  0 = /dev/ttyT0	First TCL port
2325		  1 = /dev/ttyT1	Second TCL port
2326		    ...
2327
2328149 char	Technology Concepts serial card - alternate devices
2329		  0 = /dev/cut0		Callout device for ttyT0
2330		  1 = /dev/cut0		Callout device for ttyT1
2331		    ...
2332
2333150 char	Real-Time Linux FIFOs
2334		  0 = /dev/rtf0		First RTLinux FIFO
2335		  1 = /dev/rtf1		Second RTLinux FIFO
2336		    ...
2337
2338151 char	DPT I2O SmartRaid V controller
2339		  0 = /dev/dpti0	First DPT I2O adapter
2340		  1 = /dev/dpti1	Second DPT I2O adapter
2341		    ...
2342
2343152 char	EtherDrive Control Device
2344		  0 = /dev/etherd/ctl	Connect/Disconnect an EtherDrive
2345		  1 = /dev/etherd/err	Monitor errors
2346		  2 = /dev/etherd/raw	Raw AoE packet monitor
2347
2348152 block	EtherDrive Block Devices
2349		  0 = /dev/etherd/0	EtherDrive 0
2350		    ...
2351		255 = /dev/etherd/255	EtherDrive 255
2352
2353153 char	SPI Bus Interface (sometimes referred to as MicroWire)
2354		  0 = /dev/spi0		First SPI device on the bus
2355		  1 = /dev/spi1		Second SPI device on the bus
2356		    ...
2357		 15 = /dev/spi15	Sixteenth SPI device on the bus
2358
2359153 block	Enhanced Metadisk RAID (EMD) storage units
2360		  0 = /dev/emd/0	First unit
2361		  1 = /dev/emd/0p1	Partition 1 on First unit
2362		  2 = /dev/emd/0p2	Partition 2 on First unit
2363		    ...
2364		 15 = /dev/emd/0p15	Partition 15 on First unit
2365
2366		 16 = /dev/emd/1	Second unit
2367		 32 = /dev/emd/2	Third unit
2368		    ...
2369		240 = /dev/emd/15	Sixteenth unit
2370
2371		Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
2372		disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
2373		partitions is 15.
2374
2375154 char	Specialix RIO serial card
2376		  0 = /dev/ttySR0	First RIO port
2377		    ...
2378		255 = /dev/ttySR255	256th RIO port
2379
2380155 char	Specialix RIO serial card - alternate devices
2381		  0 = /dev/cusr0	Callout device for ttySR0
2382		    ...
2383		255 = /dev/cusr255	Callout device for ttySR255
2384
2385156 char	Specialix RIO serial card
2386		  0 = /dev/ttySR256	257th RIO port
2387		    ...
2388		255 = /dev/ttySR511	512th RIO port
2389
2390157 char	Specialix RIO serial card - alternate devices
2391		  0 = /dev/cusr256	Callout device for ttySR256
2392		    ...
2393		255 = /dev/cusr511	Callout device for ttySR511
2394
2395158 char	Dialogic GammaLink fax driver
2396		  0 = /dev/gfax0	GammaLink channel 0
2397		  1 = /dev/gfax1	GammaLink channel 1
2398		    ...
2399
2400159 char	RESERVED
2401
2402159 block	RESERVED
2403
2404160 char	General Purpose Instrument Bus (GPIB)
2405		  0 = /dev/gpib0	First GPIB bus
2406		  1 = /dev/gpib1	Second GPIB bus
2407		    ...
2408
2409160 block       Carmel 8-port SATA Disks on First Controller
2410		  0 = /dev/carmel/0     SATA disk 0 whole disk
2411		  1 = /dev/carmel/0p1   SATA disk 0 partition 1
2412		    ...
2413		 31 = /dev/carmel/0p31  SATA disk 0 partition 31
2414
2415		 32 = /dev/carmel/1     SATA disk 1 whole disk
2416		 64 = /dev/carmel/2     SATA disk 2 whole disk
2417		    ...
2418		224 = /dev/carmel/7     SATA disk 7 whole disk
2419
2420		Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
2421		disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
2422		partitions is 31.
2423
2424161 char	IrCOMM devices (IrDA serial/parallel emulation)
2425		  0 = /dev/ircomm0	First IrCOMM device
2426		  1 = /dev/ircomm1	Second IrCOMM device
2427		    ...
2428		 16 = /dev/irlpt0	First IrLPT device
2429		 17 = /dev/irlpt1	Second IrLPT device
2430		    ...
2431
2432161 block       Carmel 8-port SATA Disks on Second Controller
2433		  0 = /dev/carmel/8     SATA disk 8 whole disk
2434		  1 = /dev/carmel/8p1   SATA disk 8 partition 1
2435		    ...
2436		 31 = /dev/carmel/8p31  SATA disk 8 partition 31
2437
2438		 32 = /dev/carmel/9     SATA disk 9 whole disk
2439		 64 = /dev/carmel/10    SATA disk 10 whole disk
2440		    ...
2441		224 = /dev/carmel/15    SATA disk 15 whole disk
2442
2443		Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
2444		disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
2445		partitions is 31.
2446
2447162 char	Raw block device interface
2448		  0 = /dev/rawctl	Raw I/O control device
2449		  1 = /dev/raw/raw1	First raw I/O device
2450		  2 = /dev/raw/raw2	Second raw I/O device
2451		    ...
2452
2453163 char	UNASSIGNED (was Radio Tech BIM-XXX-RS232 radio modem - see 51)
2454
2455164 char	Chase Research AT/PCI-Fast serial card
2456		  0 = /dev/ttyCH0	AT/PCI-Fast board 0, port 0
2457		    ...
2458		 15 = /dev/ttyCH15	AT/PCI-Fast board 0, port 15
2459		 16 = /dev/ttyCH16	AT/PCI-Fast board 1, port 0
2460		    ...
2461		 31 = /dev/ttyCH31	AT/PCI-Fast board 1, port 15
2462		 32 = /dev/ttyCH32	AT/PCI-Fast board 2, port 0
2463		    ...
2464		 47 = /dev/ttyCH47	AT/PCI-Fast board 2, port 15
2465		 48 = /dev/ttyCH48	AT/PCI-Fast board 3, port 0
2466		    ...
2467		 63 = /dev/ttyCH63	AT/PCI-Fast board 3, port 15
2468
2469165 char	Chase Research AT/PCI-Fast serial card - alternate devices
2470		  0 = /dev/cuch0	Callout device for ttyCH0
2471		    ...
2472		 63 = /dev/cuch63	Callout device for ttyCH63
2473
2474166 char	ACM USB modems
2475		  0 = /dev/ttyACM0	First ACM modem
2476		  1 = /dev/ttyACM1	Second ACM modem
2477		    ...
2478
2479167 char	ACM USB modems - alternate devices
2480		  0 = /dev/cuacm0	Callout device for ttyACM0
2481		  1 = /dev/cuacm1	Callout device for ttyACM1
2482		    ...
2483
2484168 char	Eracom CSA7000 PCI encryption adaptor
2485		  0 = /dev/ecsa0	First CSA7000
2486		  1 = /dev/ecsa1	Second CSA7000
2487		    ...
2488
2489169 char	Eracom CSA8000 PCI encryption adaptor
2490		  0 = /dev/ecsa8-0	First CSA8000
2491		  1 = /dev/ecsa8-1	Second CSA8000
2492		    ...
2493
2494170 char	AMI MegaRAC remote access controller
2495		  0 = /dev/megarac0	First MegaRAC card
2496		  1 = /dev/megarac1	Second MegaRAC card
2497		    ...
2498
2499171 char	Reserved for IEEE 1394 (Firewire)
2500
2501172 char	Moxa Intellio serial card
2502		  0 = /dev/ttyMX0	First Moxa port
2503		  1 = /dev/ttyMX1	Second Moxa port
2504		    ...
2505		127 = /dev/ttyMX127	128th Moxa port
2506		128 = /dev/moxactl	Moxa control port
2507
2508173 char	Moxa Intellio serial card - alternate devices
2509		  0 = /dev/cumx0	Callout device for ttyMX0
2510		  1 = /dev/cumx1	Callout device for ttyMX1
2511		    ...
2512		127 = /dev/cumx127	Callout device for ttyMX127
2513
2514174 char	SmartIO serial card
2515		  0 = /dev/ttySI0	First SmartIO port
2516		  1 = /dev/ttySI1	Second SmartIO port
2517		    ...
2518
2519175 char	SmartIO serial card - alternate devices
2520		  0 = /dev/cusi0	Callout device for ttySI0
2521		  1 = /dev/cusi1	Callout device for ttySI1
2522		    ...
2523
2524176 char	nCipher nFast PCI crypto accelerator
2525		  0 = /dev/nfastpci0	First nFast PCI device
2526		  1 = /dev/nfastpci1	First nFast PCI device
2527		    ...
2528
2529177 char	TI PCILynx memory spaces
2530		  0 = /dev/pcilynx/aux0	 AUX space of first PCILynx card
2531		    ...
2532		 15 = /dev/pcilynx/aux15 AUX space of 16th PCILynx card
2533		 16 = /dev/pcilynx/rom0	 ROM space of first PCILynx card
2534		    ...
2535		 31 = /dev/pcilynx/rom15 ROM space of 16th PCILynx card
2536		 32 = /dev/pcilynx/ram0	 RAM space of first PCILynx card
2537		    ...
2538		 47 = /dev/pcilynx/ram15 RAM space of 16th PCILynx card
2539
2540178 char	Giganet cLAN1xxx virtual interface adapter
2541		  0 = /dev/clanvi0	First cLAN adapter
2542		  1 = /dev/clanvi1	Second cLAN adapter
2543		    ...
2544
2545179 char	CCube DVXChip-based PCI products
2546		  0 = /dev/dvxirq0	First DVX device
2547		  1 = /dev/dvxirq1	Second DVX device
2548		    ...
2549
2550180 char	USB devices
2551		  0 = /dev/usb/lp0	First USB printer
2552		    ...
2553		 15 = /dev/usb/lp15	16th USB printer
2554		 48 = /dev/usb/scanner0	First USB scanner
2555		    ...
2556		 63 = /dev/usb/scanner15 16th USB scanner
2557		 64 = /dev/usb/rio500	Diamond Rio 500
2558		 65 = /dev/usb/usblcd	USBLCD Interface (info@usblcd.de)
2559		 66 = /dev/usb/cpad0	Synaptics cPad (mouse/LCD)
2560		 96 = /dev/usb/hiddev0	1st USB HID device
2561		    ...
2562		111 = /dev/usb/hiddev15	16th USB HID device
2563		128 = /dev/usb/brlvgr0	First Braille Voyager device
2564		    ...
2565		131 = /dev/usb/brlvgr3	Fourth Braille Voyager device
2566		132 = /dev/usb/idmouse	ID Mouse (fingerprint scanner) device
2567		133 = /dev/usb/sisusbvga1	First SiSUSB VGA device
2568		    ...
2569		140 = /dev/usb/sisusbvga8	Eighth SISUSB VGA device
2570		144 = /dev/usb/lcd	USB LCD device
2571		160 = /dev/usb/legousbtower0	1st USB Legotower device
2572		    ...
2573		175 = /dev/usb/legousbtower15	16th USB Legotower device
2574		176 = /dev/usb/usbtmc1	First USB TMC device
2575		   ...
2576		192 = /dev/usb/usbtmc16	16th USB TMC device
2577		240 = /dev/usb/dabusb0	First daubusb device
2578		    ...
2579		243 = /dev/usb/dabusb3	Fourth dabusb device
2580
2581180 block	USB block devices
2582		  0 = /dev/uba		First USB block device
2583		  8 = /dev/ubb		Second USB block device
2584		 16 = /dev/ubc		Third USB block device
2585 		    ...
2586
2587181 char	Conrad Electronic parallel port radio clocks
2588		  0 = /dev/pcfclock0	First Conrad radio clock
2589		  1 = /dev/pcfclock1	Second Conrad radio clock
2590		    ...
2591
2592182 char	Picture Elements THR2 binarizer
2593		  0 = /dev/pethr0	First THR2 board
2594		  1 = /dev/pethr1	Second THR2 board
2595		    ...
2596
2597183 char	SST 5136-DN DeviceNet interface
2598		  0 = /dev/ss5136dn0	First DeviceNet interface
2599		  1 = /dev/ss5136dn1	Second DeviceNet interface
2600		    ...
2601
2602		This device used to be assigned to major number 144.
2603		It had to be moved due to an unfortunate conflict.
2604
2605184 char	Picture Elements' video simulator/sender
2606		  0 = /dev/pevss0	First sender board
2607		  1 = /dev/pevss1	Second sender board
2608		    ...
2609
2610185 char	InterMezzo high availability file system
2611		  0 = /dev/intermezzo0	First cache manager
2612		  1 = /dev/intermezzo1	Second cache manager
2613		    ...
2614
2615		See http://www.inter-mezzo.org/ for more information.
2616
2617186 char	Object-based storage control device
2618		  0 = /dev/obd0		First obd control device
2619		  1 = /dev/obd1		Second obd control device
2620		    ...
2621
2622		See ftp://ftp.lustre.org/pub/obd for code and information.
2623
2624187 char	DESkey hardware encryption device
2625		  0 = /dev/deskey0	First DES key
2626		  1 = /dev/deskey1	Second DES key
2627		    ...
2628
2629188 char	USB serial converters
2630		  0 = /dev/ttyUSB0	First USB serial converter
2631		  1 = /dev/ttyUSB1	Second USB serial converter
2632		    ...
2633
2634189 char	USB serial converters - alternate devices
2635		  0 = /dev/cuusb0	Callout device for ttyUSB0
2636		  1 = /dev/cuusb1	Callout device for ttyUSB1
2637		    ...
2638
2639190 char	Kansas City tracker/tuner card
2640		  0 = /dev/kctt0	First KCT/T card
2641		  1 = /dev/kctt1	Second KCT/T card
2642		    ...
2643
2644191 char	Reserved for PCMCIA
2645
2646192 char	Kernel profiling interface
2647		  0 = /dev/profile	Profiling control device
2648		  1 = /dev/profile0	Profiling device for CPU 0
2649		  2 = /dev/profile1	Profiling device for CPU 1
2650		    ...
2651
2652193 char	Kernel event-tracing interface
2653		  0 = /dev/trace	Tracing control device
2654		  1 = /dev/trace0	Tracing device for CPU 0
2655		  2 = /dev/trace1	Tracing device for CPU 1
2656		    ...
2657
2658194 char	linVideoStreams (LINVS)
2659		  0 = /dev/mvideo/status0	Video compression status
2660		  1 = /dev/mvideo/stream0	Video stream
2661		  2 = /dev/mvideo/frame0	Single compressed frame
2662		  3 = /dev/mvideo/rawframe0	Raw uncompressed frame
2663		  4 = /dev/mvideo/codec0	Direct codec access
2664		  5 = /dev/mvideo/video4linux0	Video4Linux compatibility
2665
2666		 16 = /dev/mvideo/status1	Second device
2667		    ...
2668		 32 = /dev/mvideo/status2	Third device
2669		    ...
2670		    ...
2671		240 = /dev/mvideo/status15	16th device
2672		    ...
2673
2674195 char	Nvidia graphics devices
2675		  0 = /dev/nvidia0		First Nvidia card
2676		  1 = /dev/nvidia1		Second Nvidia card
2677		    ...
2678		255 = /dev/nvidiactl		Nvidia card control device
2679
2680196 char	Tormenta T1 card
2681		  0 = /dev/tor/0		Master control channel for all cards
2682		  1 = /dev/tor/1		First DS0
2683		  2 = /dev/tor/2		Second DS0
2684		    ...
2685		 48 = /dev/tor/48		48th DS0
2686		 49 = /dev/tor/49		First pseudo-channel
2687		 50 = /dev/tor/50		Second pseudo-channel
2688		    ...
2689
2690197 char	OpenTNF tracing facility
2691		  0 = /dev/tnf/t0		Trace 0 data extraction
2692		  1 = /dev/tnf/t1		Trace 1 data extraction
2693		    ...
2694		128 = /dev/tnf/status		Tracing facility status
2695		130 = /dev/tnf/trace		Tracing device
2696
2697198 char	Total Impact TPMP2 quad coprocessor PCI card
2698		  0 = /dev/tpmp2/0		First card
2699		  1 = /dev/tpmp2/1		Second card
2700		    ...
2701
2702199 char	Veritas volume manager (VxVM) volumes
2703		  0 = /dev/vx/rdsk/*/*		First volume
2704		  1 = /dev/vx/rdsk/*/*		Second volume
2705		    ...
2706
2707199 block	Veritas volume manager (VxVM) volumes
2708		  0 = /dev/vx/dsk/*/*		First volume
2709		  1 = /dev/vx/dsk/*/*		Second volume
2710		    ...
2711
2712		The namespace in these directories is maintained by
2713		the user space VxVM software.
2714
2715200 char	Veritas VxVM configuration interface
2716                  0 = /dev/vx/config		Configuration access node
2717                  1 = /dev/vx/trace		Volume i/o trace access node
2718                  2 = /dev/vx/iod		Volume i/o daemon access node
2719                  3 = /dev/vx/info		Volume information access node
2720                  4 = /dev/vx/task		Volume tasks access node
2721                  5 = /dev/vx/taskmon		Volume tasks monitor daemon
2722
2723201 char	Veritas VxVM dynamic multipathing driver
2724		  0 = /dev/vx/rdmp/*		First multipath device
2725		  1 = /dev/vx/rdmp/*		Second multipath device
2726		    ...
2727201 block	Veritas VxVM dynamic multipathing driver
2728		  0 = /dev/vx/dmp/*		First multipath device
2729		  1 = /dev/vx/dmp/*		Second multipath device
2730		    ...
2731
2732		The namespace in these directories is maintained by
2733		the user space VxVM software.
2734
2735202 char	CPU model-specific registers
2736		  0 = /dev/cpu/0/msr		MSRs on CPU 0
2737		  1 = /dev/cpu/1/msr		MSRs on CPU 1
2738		    ...
2739
2740202 block	Xen Virtual Block Device
2741		  0 = /dev/xvda       First Xen VBD whole disk
2742		  16 = /dev/xvdb      Second Xen VBD whole disk
2743		  32 = /dev/xvdc      Third Xen VBD whole disk
2744		    ...
2745		  240 = /dev/xvdp     Sixteenth Xen VBD whole disk
2746
2747                Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
2748                disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
2749                partitions is 15.
2750
2751203 char	CPU CPUID information
2752		  0 = /dev/cpu/0/cpuid		CPUID on CPU 0
2753		  1 = /dev/cpu/1/cpuid		CPUID on CPU 1
2754		    ...
2755
2756204 char	Low-density serial ports
2757		  0 = /dev/ttyLU0		LinkUp Systems L72xx UART - port 0
2758		  1 = /dev/ttyLU1		LinkUp Systems L72xx UART - port 1
2759		  2 = /dev/ttyLU2		LinkUp Systems L72xx UART - port 2
2760		  3 = /dev/ttyLU3		LinkUp Systems L72xx UART - port 3
2761		  4 = /dev/ttyFB0		Intel Footbridge (ARM)
2762		  5 = /dev/ttySA0		StrongARM builtin serial port 0
2763		  6 = /dev/ttySA1		StrongARM builtin serial port 1
2764		  7 = /dev/ttySA2		StrongARM builtin serial port 2
2765		  8 = /dev/ttySC0		SCI serial port (SuperH) - port 0
2766		  9 = /dev/ttySC1		SCI serial port (SuperH) - port 1
2767		 10 = /dev/ttySC2		SCI serial port (SuperH) - port 2
2768		 11 = /dev/ttySC3		SCI serial port (SuperH) - port 3
2769		 12 = /dev/ttyFW0		Firmware console - port 0
2770		 13 = /dev/ttyFW1		Firmware console - port 1
2771		 14 = /dev/ttyFW2		Firmware console - port 2
2772		 15 = /dev/ttyFW3		Firmware console - port 3
2773		 16 = /dev/ttyAM0		ARM "AMBA" serial port 0
2774		    ...
2775		 31 = /dev/ttyAM15		ARM "AMBA" serial port 15
2776		 32 = /dev/ttyDB0		DataBooster serial port 0
2777		    ...
2778		 39 = /dev/ttyDB7		DataBooster serial port 7
2779		 40 = /dev/ttySG0		SGI Altix console port
2780		 41 = /dev/ttySMX0		Motorola i.MX - port 0
2781		 42 = /dev/ttySMX1		Motorola i.MX - port 1
2782		 43 = /dev/ttySMX2		Motorola i.MX - port 2
2783		 44 = /dev/ttyMM0		Marvell MPSC - port 0
2784		 45 = /dev/ttyMM1		Marvell MPSC - port 1
2785		 46 = /dev/ttyCPM0		PPC CPM (SCC or SMC) - port 0
2786		    ...
2787		 47 = /dev/ttyCPM5		PPC CPM (SCC or SMC) - port 5
2788		 50 = /dev/ttyIOC0		Altix serial card
2789		    ...
2790		 81 = /dev/ttyIOC31		Altix serial card
2791		 82 = /dev/ttyVR0		NEC VR4100 series SIU
2792		 83 = /dev/ttyVR1		NEC VR4100 series DSIU
2793		 84 = /dev/ttyIOC84		Altix ioc4 serial card
2794		    ...
2795		 115 = /dev/ttyIOC115		Altix ioc4 serial card
2796		 116 = /dev/ttySIOC0		Altix ioc3 serial card
2797		    ...
2798		 147 = /dev/ttySIOC31		Altix ioc3 serial card
2799		 148 = /dev/ttyPSC0		PPC PSC - port 0
2800		    ...
2801		 153 = /dev/ttyPSC5		PPC PSC - port 5
2802		 154 = /dev/ttyAT0		ATMEL serial port 0
2803		    ...
2804		 169 = /dev/ttyAT15		ATMEL serial port 15
2805		 170 = /dev/ttyNX0		Hilscher netX serial port 0
2806		    ...
2807		 185 = /dev/ttyNX15		Hilscher netX serial port 15
2808		 186 = /dev/ttyJ0		JTAG1 DCC protocol based serial port emulation
2809		 187 = /dev/ttyUL0		Xilinx uartlite - port 0
2810		    ...
2811		 190 = /dev/ttyUL3		Xilinx uartlite - port 3
2812		 191 = /dev/xvc0		Xen virtual console - port 0
2813
2814205 char	Low-density serial ports (alternate device)
2815		  0 = /dev/culu0		Callout device for ttyLU0
2816		  1 = /dev/culu1		Callout device for ttyLU1
2817		  2 = /dev/culu2		Callout device for ttyLU2
2818		  3 = /dev/culu3		Callout device for ttyLU3
2819		  4 = /dev/cufb0		Callout device for ttyFB0
2820		  5 = /dev/cusa0		Callout device for ttySA0
2821		  6 = /dev/cusa1		Callout device for ttySA1
2822		  7 = /dev/cusa2		Callout device for ttySA2
2823		  8 = /dev/cusc0		Callout device for ttySC0
2824		  9 = /dev/cusc1		Callout device for ttySC1
2825		 10 = /dev/cusc2		Callout device for ttySC2
2826		 11 = /dev/cusc3		Callout device for ttySC3
2827		 12 = /dev/cufw0		Callout device for ttyFW0
2828		 13 = /dev/cufw1		Callout device for ttyFW1
2829		 14 = /dev/cufw2		Callout device for ttyFW2
2830		 15 = /dev/cufw3		Callout device for ttyFW3
2831		 16 = /dev/cuam0		Callout device for ttyAM0
2832		    ...
2833		 31 = /dev/cuam15		Callout device for ttyAM15
2834		 32 = /dev/cudb0		Callout device for ttyDB0
2835		    ...
2836		 39 = /dev/cudb7		Callout device for ttyDB7
2837		 40 = /dev/cusg0		Callout device for ttySG0
2838		 41 = /dev/ttycusmx0		Callout device for ttySMX0
2839		 42 = /dev/ttycusmx1		Callout device for ttySMX1
2840		 43 = /dev/ttycusmx2		Callout device for ttySMX2
2841		 46 = /dev/cucpm0		Callout device for ttyCPM0
2842		    ...
2843		 49 = /dev/cucpm5		Callout device for ttyCPM5
2844		 50 = /dev/cuioc40		Callout device for ttyIOC40
2845		    ...
2846		 81 = /dev/cuioc431		Callout device for ttyIOC431
2847		 82 = /dev/cuvr0		Callout device for ttyVR0
2848		 83 = /dev/cuvr1		Callout device for ttyVR1
2849
2850206 char	OnStream SC-x0 tape devices
2851		  0 = /dev/osst0		First OnStream SCSI tape, mode 0
2852		  1 = /dev/osst1		Second OnStream SCSI tape, mode 0
2853		    ...
2854		 32 = /dev/osst0l		First OnStream SCSI tape, mode 1
2855		 33 = /dev/osst1l		Second OnStream SCSI tape, mode 1
2856		    ...
2857		 64 = /dev/osst0m		First OnStream SCSI tape, mode 2
2858		 65 = /dev/osst1m		Second OnStream SCSI tape, mode 2
2859		    ...
2860		 96 = /dev/osst0a		First OnStream SCSI tape, mode 3
2861		 97 = /dev/osst1a		Second OnStream SCSI tape, mode 3
2862		    ...
2863		128 = /dev/nosst0		No rewind version of /dev/osst0
2864		129 = /dev/nosst1		No rewind version of /dev/osst1
2865		    ...
2866		160 = /dev/nosst0l		No rewind version of /dev/osst0l
2867		161 = /dev/nosst1l		No rewind version of /dev/osst1l
2868		    ...
2869		192 = /dev/nosst0m		No rewind version of /dev/osst0m
2870		193 = /dev/nosst1m		No rewind version of /dev/osst1m
2871		    ...
2872		224 = /dev/nosst0a		No rewind version of /dev/osst0a
2873		225 = /dev/nosst1a		No rewind version of /dev/osst1a
2874		    ...
2875
2876		The OnStream SC-x0 SCSI tapes do not support the
2877		standard SCSI SASD command set and therefore need
2878		their own driver "osst". Note that the IDE, USB (and
2879		maybe ParPort) versions may be driven via ide-scsi or
2880		usb-storage SCSI emulation and this osst device and
2881		driver as well.  The ADR-x0 drives are QIC-157
2882		compliant and don't need osst.
2883
2884207 char	Compaq ProLiant health feature indicate
2885		  0 = /dev/cpqhealth/cpqw	Redirector interface
2886		  1 = /dev/cpqhealth/crom	EISA CROM
2887		  2 = /dev/cpqhealth/cdt	Data Table
2888		  3 = /dev/cpqhealth/cevt	Event Log
2889		  4 = /dev/cpqhealth/casr	Automatic Server Recovery
2890		  5 = /dev/cpqhealth/cecc	ECC Memory
2891		  6 = /dev/cpqhealth/cmca	Machine Check Architecture
2892		  7 = /dev/cpqhealth/ccsm	Deprecated CDT
2893		  8 = /dev/cpqhealth/cnmi	NMI Handling
2894		  9 = /dev/cpqhealth/css	Sideshow Management
2895		 10 = /dev/cpqhealth/cram	CMOS interface
2896		 11 = /dev/cpqhealth/cpci	PCI IRQ interface
2897
2898208 char	User space serial ports
2899		  0 = /dev/ttyU0		First user space serial port
2900		  1 = /dev/ttyU1		Second user space serial port
2901		    ...
2902
2903209 char	User space serial ports (alternate devices)
2904		  0 = /dev/cuu0			Callout device for ttyU0
2905		  1 = /dev/cuu1			Callout device for ttyU1
2906		    ...
2907
2908210 char	SBE, Inc. sync/async serial card
2909		  0 = /dev/sbei/wxcfg0		Configuration device for board 0
2910		  1 = /dev/sbei/dld0		Download device for board 0
2911		  2 = /dev/sbei/wan00		WAN device, port 0, board 0
2912		  3 = /dev/sbei/wan01		WAN device, port 1, board 0
2913		  4 = /dev/sbei/wan02		WAN device, port 2, board 0
2914		  5 = /dev/sbei/wan03		WAN device, port 3, board 0
2915		  6 = /dev/sbei/wanc00		WAN clone device, port 0, board 0
2916		  7 = /dev/sbei/wanc01		WAN clone device, port 1, board 0
2917		  8 = /dev/sbei/wanc02		WAN clone device, port 2, board 0
2918		  9 = /dev/sbei/wanc03		WAN clone device, port 3, board 0
2919		 10 = /dev/sbei/wxcfg1		Configuration device for board 1
2920		 11 = /dev/sbei/dld1		Download device for board 1
2921		 12 = /dev/sbei/wan10		WAN device, port 0, board 1
2922		 13 = /dev/sbei/wan11		WAN device, port 1, board 1
2923		 14 = /dev/sbei/wan12		WAN device, port 2, board 1
2924		 15 = /dev/sbei/wan13		WAN device, port 3, board 1
2925		 16 = /dev/sbei/wanc10		WAN clone device, port 0, board 1
2926		 17 = /dev/sbei/wanc11		WAN clone device, port 1, board 1
2927		 18 = /dev/sbei/wanc12		WAN clone device, port 2, board 1
2928		 19 = /dev/sbei/wanc13		WAN clone device, port 3, board 1
2929		    ...
2930
2931		Yes, each board is really spaced 10 (decimal) apart.
2932
2933211 char	Addinum CPCI1500 digital I/O card
2934		  0 = /dev/addinum/cpci1500/0	First CPCI1500 card
2935		  1 = /dev/addinum/cpci1500/1	Second CPCI1500 card
2936		    ...
2937
2938212 char	LinuxTV.org DVB driver subsystem
2939		  0 = /dev/dvb/adapter0/video0    first video decoder of first card
2940		  1 = /dev/dvb/adapter0/audio0    first audio decoder of first card
2941		  2 = /dev/dvb/adapter0/sec0      (obsolete/unused)
2942		  3 = /dev/dvb/adapter0/frontend0 first frontend device of first card
2943		  4 = /dev/dvb/adapter0/demux0    first demux device of first card
2944		  5 = /dev/dvb/adapter0/dvr0      first digital video recoder device of first card
2945		  6 = /dev/dvb/adapter0/ca0       first common access port of first card
2946		  7 = /dev/dvb/adapter0/net0      first network device of first card
2947		  8 = /dev/dvb/adapter0/osd0      first on-screen-display device of first card
2948		  9 = /dev/dvb/adapter0/video1    second video decoder of first card
2949		    ...
2950		 64 = /dev/dvb/adapter1/video0    first video decoder of second card
2951		    ...
2952		128 = /dev/dvb/adapter2/video0    first video decoder of third card
2953		    ...
2954		196 = /dev/dvb/adapter3/video0    first video decoder of fourth card
2955
2956216 char	Bluetooth RFCOMM TTY devices
2957		  0 = /dev/rfcomm0		First Bluetooth RFCOMM TTY device
2958		  1 = /dev/rfcomm1		Second Bluetooth RFCOMM TTY device
2959		    ...
2960
2961217 char	Bluetooth RFCOMM TTY devices (alternate devices)
2962		  0 = /dev/curf0		Callout device for rfcomm0
2963		  1 = /dev/curf1		Callout device for rfcomm1
2964		    ...
2965
2966218 char	The Logical Company bus Unibus/Qbus adapters
2967		  0 = /dev/logicalco/bci/0	First bus adapter
2968		  1 = /dev/logicalco/bci/1	First bus adapter
2969		    ...
2970
2971219 char	The Logical Company DCI-1300 digital I/O card
2972		  0 = /dev/logicalco/dci1300/0	First DCI-1300 card
2973		  1 = /dev/logicalco/dci1300/1	Second DCI-1300 card
2974		    ...
2975
2976220 char	Myricom Myrinet "GM" board
2977		  0 = /dev/myricom/gm0		First Myrinet GM board
2978		  1 = /dev/myricom/gmp0		First board "root access"
2979		  2 = /dev/myricom/gm1		Second Myrinet GM board
2980		  3 = /dev/myricom/gmp1		Second board "root access"
2981		    ...
2982
2983221 char	VME bus
2984		  0 = /dev/bus/vme/m0		First master image
2985		  1 = /dev/bus/vme/m1		Second master image
2986		  2 = /dev/bus/vme/m2		Third master image
2987		  3 = /dev/bus/vme/m3		Fourth master image
2988		  4 = /dev/bus/vme/s0		First slave image
2989		  5 = /dev/bus/vme/s1		Second slave image
2990		  6 = /dev/bus/vme/s2		Third slave image
2991		  7 = /dev/bus/vme/s3		Fourth slave image
2992		  8 = /dev/bus/vme/ctl		Control
2993
2994		It is expected that all VME bus drivers will use the
2995		same interface.  For interface documentation see
2996		http://www.vmelinux.org/.
2997
2998224 char	A2232 serial card
2999		  0 = /dev/ttyY0		First A2232 port
3000		  1 = /dev/ttyY1		Second A2232 port
3001		    ...
3002
3003225 char	A2232 serial card (alternate devices)
3004		  0 = /dev/cuy0			Callout device for ttyY0
3005		  1 = /dev/cuy1			Callout device for ttyY1
3006		    ...
3007
3008226 char	Direct Rendering Infrastructure (DRI)
3009		  0 = /dev/dri/card0		First graphics card
3010		  1 = /dev/dri/card1		Second graphics card
3011		    ...
3012
3013227 char	IBM 3270 terminal Unix tty access
3014		  1 = /dev/3270/tty1		First 3270 terminal
3015		  2 = /dev/3270/tty2		Seconds 3270 terminal
3016		    ...
3017
3018228 char	IBM 3270 terminal block-mode access
3019		  0 = /dev/3270/tub		Controlling interface
3020		  1 = /dev/3270/tub1		First 3270 terminal
3021		  2 = /dev/3270/tub2		Second 3270 terminal
3022		    ...
3023
3024229 char	IBM iSeries/pSeries virtual console
3025		  0 = /dev/hvc0			First console port
3026		  1 = /dev/hvc1			Second console port
3027		    ...
3028
3029230 char	IBM iSeries virtual tape
3030		  0 = /dev/iseries/vt0		First virtual tape, mode 0
3031		  1 = /dev/iseries/vt1		Second virtual tape, mode 0
3032		    ...
3033		 32 = /dev/iseries/vt0l		First virtual tape, mode 1
3034		 33 = /dev/iseries/vt1l		Second virtual tape, mode 1
3035		    ...
3036		 64 = /dev/iseries/vt0m		First virtual tape, mode 2
3037		 65 = /dev/iseries/vt1m		Second virtual tape, mode 2
3038		    ...
3039		 96 = /dev/iseries/vt0a		First virtual tape, mode 3
3040		 97 = /dev/iseries/vt1a		Second virtual tape, mode 3
3041		      ...
3042		128 = /dev/iseries/nvt0		First virtual tape, mode 0, no rewind
3043		129 = /dev/iseries/nvt1		Second virtual tape, mode 0, no rewind
3044		    ...
3045		160 = /dev/iseries/nvt0l	First virtual tape, mode 1, no rewind
3046		161 = /dev/iseries/nvt1l	Second virtual tape, mode 1, no rewind
3047		    ...
3048		192 = /dev/iseries/nvt0m	First virtual tape, mode 2, no rewind
3049		193 = /dev/iseries/nvt1m	Second virtual tape, mode 2, no rewind
3050		    ...
3051		224 = /dev/iseries/nvt0a	First virtual tape, mode 3, no rewind
3052		225 = /dev/iseries/nvt1a	Second virtual tape, mode 3, no rewind
3053		    ...
3054
3055		"No rewind" refers to the omission of the default
3056		automatic rewind on device close.  The MTREW or MTOFFL
3057		ioctl()'s can be used to rewind the tape regardless of
3058		the device used to access it.
3059
3060231 char	InfiniBand
3061		0 = /dev/infiniband/umad0
3062		1 = /dev/infiniband/umad1
3063		  ...
3064		63 = /dev/infiniband/umad63    63rd InfiniBandMad device
3065		64 = /dev/infiniband/issm0     First InfiniBand IsSM device
3066		65 = /dev/infiniband/issm1     Second InfiniBand IsSM device
3067		  ...
3068		127 = /dev/infiniband/issm63    63rd InfiniBand IsSM device
3069		128 = /dev/infiniband/uverbs0   First InfiniBand verbs device
3070		129 = /dev/infiniband/uverbs1   Second InfiniBand verbs device
3071		  ...
3072		159 = /dev/infiniband/uverbs31  31st InfiniBand verbs device
3073
3074232 char	Biometric Devices
3075		0 = /dev/biometric/sensor0/fingerprint	first fingerprint sensor on first device
3076		1 = /dev/biometric/sensor0/iris		first iris sensor on first device
3077		2 = /dev/biometric/sensor0/retina	first retina sensor on first device
3078		3 = /dev/biometric/sensor0/voiceprint	first voiceprint sensor on first device
3079		4 = /dev/biometric/sensor0/facial	first facial sensor on first device
3080		5 = /dev/biometric/sensor0/hand		first hand sensor on first device
3081		  ...
3082		10 = /dev/biometric/sensor1/fingerprint	first fingerprint sensor on second device
3083		  ...
3084		20 = /dev/biometric/sensor2/fingerprint	first fingerprint sensor on third device
3085		  ...
3086
3087233 char	PathScale InfiniPath interconnect
3088		0 = /dev/ipath        Primary device for programs (any unit)
3089		1 = /dev/ipath0       Access specifically to unit 0
3090		2 = /dev/ipath1       Access specifically to unit 1
3091		  ...
3092		4 = /dev/ipath3       Access specifically to unit 3
3093		129 = /dev/ipath_sma    Device used by Subnet Management Agent
3094		130 = /dev/ipath_diag   Device used by diagnostics programs
3095
3096234-239		UNASSIGNED
3097
3098240-254 char	LOCAL/EXPERIMENTAL USE
3099
3100240-254 block	LOCAL/EXPERIMENTAL USE
3101		Allocated for local/experimental use.  For devices not
3102		assigned official numbers, these ranges should be
3103		used in order to avoid conflicting with future assignments.
3104
3105255 char	RESERVED
3106
3107255 block	RESERVED
3108
3109		This major is reserved to assist the expansion to a
3110		larger number space.  No device nodes with this major
3111		should ever be created on the filesystem.
3112		(This is probably not true anymore, but I'll leave it
3113		for now /Torben)
3114
3115---LARGE MAJORS!!!!!---
3116
3117256 char	Equinox SST multi-port serial boards
3118		   0 = /dev/ttyEQ0	First serial port on first Equinox SST board
3119		 127 = /dev/ttyEQ127	Last serial port on first Equinox SST board
3120		 128 = /dev/ttyEQ128	First serial port on second Equinox SST board
3121		  ...
3122		1027 = /dev/ttyEQ1027	Last serial port on eighth Equinox SST board
3123
3124256 block	Resident Flash Disk Flash Translation Layer
3125		  0 = /dev/rfda		First RFD FTL layer
3126		 16 = /dev/rfdb		Second RFD FTL layer
3127		  ...
3128		240 = /dev/rfdp		16th RFD FTL layer
3129
3130257 char	Phoenix Technologies Cryptographic Services Driver
3131		  0 = /dev/ptlsec	Crypto Services Driver
3132
3133257 block	SSFDC Flash Translation Layer filesystem
3134		  0 = /dev/ssfdca	First SSFDC layer
3135		  8 = /dev/ssfdcb	Second SSFDC layer
3136		 16 = /dev/ssfdcc	Third SSFDC layer
3137		 24 = /dev/ssfdcd	4th SSFDC layer
3138		 32 = /dev/ssfdce	5th SSFDC layer
3139		 40 = /dev/ssfdcf	6th SSFDC layer
3140		 48 = /dev/ssfdcg	7th SSFDC layer
3141		 56 = /dev/ssfdch	8th SSFDC layer
3142
3143258 block	ROM/Flash read-only translation layer
3144		  0 = /dev/blockrom0	First ROM card's translation layer interface
3145		  1 = /dev/blockrom1	Second ROM card's translation layer interface
3146		  ...
3147
3148 ****	ADDITIONAL /dev DIRECTORY ENTRIES
3149
3150This section details additional entries that should or may exist in
3151the /dev directory.  It is preferred that symbolic links use the same
3152form (absolute or relative) as is indicated here.  Links are
3153classified as "hard" or "symbolic" depending on the preferred type of
3154link; if possible, the indicated type of link should be used.
3155
3156
3157	Compulsory links
3158
3159These links should exist on all systems:
3160
3161/dev/fd		/proc/self/fd	symbolic	File descriptors
3162/dev/stdin	fd/0		symbolic	stdin file descriptor
3163/dev/stdout	fd/1		symbolic	stdout file descriptor
3164/dev/stderr	fd/2		symbolic	stderr file descriptor
3165/dev/nfsd	socksys		symbolic	Required by iBCS-2
3166/dev/X0R	null		symbolic	Required by iBCS-2
3167
3168Note: /dev/X0R is <letter X>-<digit 0>-<letter R>.
3169
3170	Recommended links
3171
3172It is recommended that these links exist on all systems:
3173
3174/dev/core	/proc/kcore	symbolic	Backward compatibility
3175/dev/ramdisk	ram0		symbolic	Backward compatibility
3176/dev/ftape	qft0		symbolic	Backward compatibility
3177/dev/bttv0	video0		symbolic	Backward compatibility
3178/dev/radio	radio0		symbolic	Backward compatibility
3179/dev/i2o*	/dev/i2o/*	symbolic	Backward compatibility
3180/dev/scd?	sr?		hard		Alternate SCSI CD-ROM name
3181
3182	Locally defined links
3183
3184The following links may be established locally to conform to the
3185configuration of the system.  This is merely a tabulation of existing
3186practice, and does not constitute a recommendation.  However, if they
3187exist, they should have the following uses.
3188
3189/dev/mouse	mouse port	symbolic	Current mouse device
3190/dev/tape	tape device	symbolic	Current tape device
3191/dev/cdrom	CD-ROM device	symbolic	Current CD-ROM device
3192/dev/cdwriter	CD-writer	symbolic	Current CD-writer device
3193/dev/scanner	scanner		symbolic	Current scanner device
3194/dev/modem	modem port	symbolic	Current dialout device
3195/dev/root	root device	symbolic	Current root filesystem
3196/dev/swap	swap device	symbolic	Current swap device
3197
3198/dev/modem should not be used for a modem which supports dialin as
3199well as dialout, as it tends to cause lock file problems.  If it
3200exists, /dev/modem should point to the appropriate primary TTY device
3201(the use of the alternate callout devices is deprecated).
3202
3203For SCSI devices, /dev/tape and /dev/cdrom should point to the
3204``cooked'' devices (/dev/st* and /dev/sr*, respectively), whereas
3205/dev/cdwriter and /dev/scanner should point to the appropriate generic
3206SCSI devices (/dev/sg*).
3207
3208/dev/mouse may point to a primary serial TTY device, a hardware mouse
3209device, or a socket for a mouse driver program (e.g. /dev/gpmdata).
3210
3211	Sockets and pipes
3212
3213Non-transient sockets and named pipes may exist in /dev.  Common entries are:
3214
3215/dev/printer	socket		lpd local socket
3216/dev/log	socket		syslog local socket
3217/dev/gpmdata	socket		gpm mouse multiplexer
3218
3219	Mount points
3220
3221The following names are reserved for mounting special filesystems
3222under /dev.  These special filesystems provide kernel interfaces that
3223cannot be provided with standard device nodes.
3224
3225/dev/pts	devpts		PTY slave filesystem
3226/dev/shm	tmpfs		POSIX shared memory maintenance access
3227
3228 ****	TERMINAL DEVICES
3229
3230Terminal, or TTY devices are a special class of character devices.  A
3231terminal device is any device that could act as a controlling terminal
3232for a session; this includes virtual consoles, serial ports, and
3233pseudoterminals (PTYs).
3234
3235All terminal devices share a common set of capabilities known as line
3236disciplines; these include the common terminal line discipline as well
3237as SLIP and PPP modes.
3238
3239All terminal devices are named similarly; this section explains the
3240naming and use of the various types of TTYs.  Note that the naming
3241conventions include several historical warts; some of these are
3242Linux-specific, some were inherited from other systems, and some
3243reflect Linux outgrowing a borrowed convention.
3244
3245A hash mark (#) in a device name is used here to indicate a decimal
3246number without leading zeroes.
3247
3248	Virtual consoles and the console device
3249
3250Virtual consoles are full-screen terminal displays on the system video
3251monitor.  Virtual consoles are named /dev/tty#, with numbering
3252starting at /dev/tty1; /dev/tty0 is the current virtual console.
3253/dev/tty0 is the device that should be used to access the system video
3254card on those architectures for which the frame buffer devices
3255(/dev/fb*) are not applicable.	Do not use /dev/console
3256for this purpose.
3257
3258The console device, /dev/console, is the device to which system
3259messages should be sent, and on which logins should be permitted in
3260single-user mode.  Starting with Linux 2.1.71, /dev/console is managed
3261by the kernel; for previous versions it should be a symbolic link to
3262either /dev/tty0, a specific virtual console such as /dev/tty1, or to
3263a serial port primary (tty*, not cu*) device, depending on the
3264configuration of the system.
3265
3266	Serial ports
3267
3268Serial ports are RS-232 serial ports and any device which simulates
3269one, either in hardware (such as internal modems) or in software (such
3270as the ISDN driver.)  Under Linux, each serial ports has two device
3271names, the primary or callin device and the alternate or callout one.
3272Each kind of device is indicated by a different letter.	 For any
3273letter X, the names of the devices are /dev/ttyX# and /dev/cux#,
3274respectively; for historical reasons, /dev/ttyS# and /dev/ttyC#
3275correspond to /dev/cua# and /dev/cub#.	In the future, it should be
3276expected that multiple letters will be used; all letters will be upper
3277case for the "tty" device (e.g. /dev/ttyDP#) and lower case for the
3278"cu" device (e.g. /dev/cudp#).
3279
3280The names /dev/ttyQ# and /dev/cuq# are reserved for local use.
3281
3282The alternate devices provide for kernel-based exclusion and somewhat
3283different defaults than the primary devices.  Their main purpose is to
3284allow the use of serial ports with programs with no inherent or broken
3285support for serial ports.  Their use is deprecated, and they may be
3286removed from a future version of Linux.
3287
3288Arbitration of serial ports is provided by the use of lock files with
3289the names /var/lock/LCK..ttyX#.	 The contents of the lock file should
3290be the PID of the locking process as an ASCII number.
3291
3292It is common practice to install links such as /dev/modem
3293which point to serial ports.  In order to ensure proper locking in the
3294presence of these links, it is recommended that software chase
3295symlinks and lock all possible names; additionally, it is recommended
3296that a lock file be installed with the corresponding alternate
3297device.	 In order to avoid deadlocks, it is recommended that the locks
3298are acquired in the following order, and released in the reverse:
3299
3300	1. The symbolic link name, if any (/var/lock/LCK..modem)
3301	2. The "tty" name (/var/lock/LCK..ttyS2)
3302	3. The alternate device name (/var/lock/LCK..cua2)
3303
3304In the case of nested symbolic links, the lock files should be
3305installed in the order the symlinks are resolved.
3306
3307Under no circumstances should an application hold a lock while waiting
3308for another to be released.  In addition, applications which attempt
3309to create lock files for the corresponding alternate device names
3310should take into account the possibility of being used on a non-serial
3311port TTY, for which no alternate device would exist.
3312
3313	Pseudoterminals (PTYs)
3314
3315Pseudoterminals, or PTYs, are used to create login sessions or provide
3316other capabilities requiring a TTY line discipline (including SLIP or
3317PPP capability) to arbitrary data-generation processes.	 Each PTY has
3318a master side, named /dev/pty[p-za-e][0-9a-f], and a slave side, named
3319/dev/tty[p-za-e][0-9a-f].  The kernel arbitrates the use of PTYs by
3320allowing each master side to be opened only once.
3321
3322Once the master side has been opened, the corresponding slave device
3323can be used in the same manner as any TTY device.  The master and
3324slave devices are connected by the kernel, generating the equivalent
3325of a bidirectional pipe with TTY capabilities.
3326
3327Recent versions of the Linux kernels and GNU libc contain support for
3328the System V/Unix98 naming scheme for PTYs, which assigns a common
3329device, /dev/ptmx, to all the masters (opening it will automatically
3330give you a previously unassigned PTY) and a subdirectory, /dev/pts,
3331for the slaves; the slaves are named with decimal integers (/dev/pts/#
3332in our notation).  This removes the problem of exhausting the
3333namespace and enables the kernel to automatically create the device
3334nodes for the slaves on demand using the "devpts" filesystem.
3335
3336