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1 /*
2  * Read-Copy Update module-based torture test facility
3  *
4  * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
5  * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
6  * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
7  * (at your option) any later version.
8  *
9  * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
10  * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
11  * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
12  * GNU General Public License for more details.
13  *
14  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
15  * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
16  * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
17  *
18  * Copyright (C) IBM Corporation, 2005, 2006
19  *
20  * Authors: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@us.ibm.com>
21  *          Josh Triplett <josh@freedesktop.org>
22  *
23  * See also:  Documentation/RCU/torture.txt
24  */
25 #include <linux/types.h>
26 #include <linux/kernel.h>
27 #include <linux/init.h>
28 #include <linux/module.h>
29 #include <linux/kthread.h>
30 #include <linux/err.h>
31 #include <linux/spinlock.h>
32 #include <linux/smp.h>
33 #include <linux/rcupdate.h>
34 #include <linux/interrupt.h>
35 #include <linux/sched.h>
36 #include <asm/atomic.h>
37 #include <linux/bitops.h>
38 #include <linux/completion.h>
39 #include <linux/moduleparam.h>
40 #include <linux/percpu.h>
41 #include <linux/notifier.h>
42 #include <linux/reboot.h>
43 #include <linux/freezer.h>
44 #include <linux/cpu.h>
45 #include <linux/delay.h>
46 #include <linux/stat.h>
47 #include <linux/srcu.h>
48 #include <linux/slab.h>
49 #include <asm/byteorder.h>
50 
51 MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
52 MODULE_AUTHOR("Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@us.ibm.com> and "
53               "Josh Triplett <josh@freedesktop.org>");
54 
55 static int nreaders = -1;	/* # reader threads, defaults to 2*ncpus */
56 static int nfakewriters = 4;	/* # fake writer threads */
57 static int stat_interval;	/* Interval between stats, in seconds. */
58 				/*  Defaults to "only at end of test". */
59 static int verbose;		/* Print more debug info. */
60 static int test_no_idle_hz;	/* Test RCU's support for tickless idle CPUs. */
61 static int shuffle_interval = 3; /* Interval between shuffles (in sec)*/
62 static int stutter = 5;		/* Start/stop testing interval (in sec) */
63 static int irqreader = 1;	/* RCU readers from irq (timers). */
64 static char *torture_type = "rcu"; /* What RCU implementation to torture. */
65 
66 module_param(nreaders, int, 0444);
67 MODULE_PARM_DESC(nreaders, "Number of RCU reader threads");
68 module_param(nfakewriters, int, 0444);
69 MODULE_PARM_DESC(nfakewriters, "Number of RCU fake writer threads");
70 module_param(stat_interval, int, 0444);
71 MODULE_PARM_DESC(stat_interval, "Number of seconds between stats printk()s");
72 module_param(verbose, bool, 0444);
73 MODULE_PARM_DESC(verbose, "Enable verbose debugging printk()s");
74 module_param(test_no_idle_hz, bool, 0444);
75 MODULE_PARM_DESC(test_no_idle_hz, "Test support for tickless idle CPUs");
76 module_param(shuffle_interval, int, 0444);
77 MODULE_PARM_DESC(shuffle_interval, "Number of seconds between shuffles");
78 module_param(stutter, int, 0444);
79 MODULE_PARM_DESC(stutter, "Number of seconds to run/halt test");
80 module_param(irqreader, int, 0444);
81 MODULE_PARM_DESC(irqreader, "Allow RCU readers from irq handlers");
82 module_param(torture_type, charp, 0444);
83 MODULE_PARM_DESC(torture_type, "Type of RCU to torture (rcu, rcu_bh, srcu)");
84 
85 #define TORTURE_FLAG "-torture:"
86 #define PRINTK_STRING(s) \
87 	do { printk(KERN_ALERT "%s" TORTURE_FLAG s "\n", torture_type); } while (0)
88 #define VERBOSE_PRINTK_STRING(s) \
89 	do { if (verbose) printk(KERN_ALERT "%s" TORTURE_FLAG s "\n", torture_type); } while (0)
90 #define VERBOSE_PRINTK_ERRSTRING(s) \
91 	do { if (verbose) printk(KERN_ALERT "%s" TORTURE_FLAG "!!! " s "\n", torture_type); } while (0)
92 
93 static char printk_buf[4096];
94 
95 static int nrealreaders;
96 static struct task_struct *writer_task;
97 static struct task_struct **fakewriter_tasks;
98 static struct task_struct **reader_tasks;
99 static struct task_struct *stats_task;
100 static struct task_struct *shuffler_task;
101 static struct task_struct *stutter_task;
102 
103 #define RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN 10
104 
105 struct rcu_torture {
106 	struct rcu_head rtort_rcu;
107 	int rtort_pipe_count;
108 	struct list_head rtort_free;
109 	int rtort_mbtest;
110 };
111 
112 static LIST_HEAD(rcu_torture_freelist);
113 static struct rcu_torture *rcu_torture_current = NULL;
114 static long rcu_torture_current_version = 0;
115 static struct rcu_torture rcu_tortures[10 * RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN];
116 static DEFINE_SPINLOCK(rcu_torture_lock);
117 static DEFINE_PER_CPU(long [RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN + 1], rcu_torture_count) =
118 	{ 0 };
119 static DEFINE_PER_CPU(long [RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN + 1], rcu_torture_batch) =
120 	{ 0 };
121 static atomic_t rcu_torture_wcount[RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN + 1];
122 static atomic_t n_rcu_torture_alloc;
123 static atomic_t n_rcu_torture_alloc_fail;
124 static atomic_t n_rcu_torture_free;
125 static atomic_t n_rcu_torture_mberror;
126 static atomic_t n_rcu_torture_error;
127 static long n_rcu_torture_timers = 0;
128 static struct list_head rcu_torture_removed;
129 
130 static int stutter_pause_test = 0;
131 
132 #if defined(MODULE) || defined(CONFIG_RCU_TORTURE_TEST_RUNNABLE)
133 #define RCUTORTURE_RUNNABLE_INIT 1
134 #else
135 #define RCUTORTURE_RUNNABLE_INIT 0
136 #endif
137 int rcutorture_runnable = RCUTORTURE_RUNNABLE_INIT;
138 
139 /* Mediate rmmod and system shutdown.  Concurrent rmmod & shutdown illegal! */
140 
141 #define FULLSTOP_DONTSTOP 0	/* Normal operation. */
142 #define FULLSTOP_SHUTDOWN 1	/* System shutdown with rcutorture running. */
143 #define FULLSTOP_RMMOD    2	/* Normal rmmod of rcutorture. */
144 static int fullstop = FULLSTOP_RMMOD;
145 DEFINE_MUTEX(fullstop_mutex);	/* Protect fullstop transitions and spawning */
146 				/*  of kthreads. */
147 
148 /*
149  * Detect and respond to a system shutdown.
150  */
151 static int
rcutorture_shutdown_notify(struct notifier_block * unused1,unsigned long unused2,void * unused3)152 rcutorture_shutdown_notify(struct notifier_block *unused1,
153 			   unsigned long unused2, void *unused3)
154 {
155 	mutex_lock(&fullstop_mutex);
156 	if (fullstop == FULLSTOP_DONTSTOP)
157 		fullstop = FULLSTOP_SHUTDOWN;
158 	else
159 		printk(KERN_WARNING /* but going down anyway, so... */
160 		       "Concurrent 'rmmod rcutorture' and shutdown illegal!\n");
161 	mutex_unlock(&fullstop_mutex);
162 	return NOTIFY_DONE;
163 }
164 
165 /*
166  * Absorb kthreads into a kernel function that won't return, so that
167  * they won't ever access module text or data again.
168  */
rcutorture_shutdown_absorb(char * title)169 static void rcutorture_shutdown_absorb(char *title)
170 {
171 	if (ACCESS_ONCE(fullstop) == FULLSTOP_SHUTDOWN) {
172 		printk(KERN_NOTICE
173 		       "rcutorture thread %s parking due to system shutdown\n",
174 		       title);
175 		schedule_timeout_uninterruptible(MAX_SCHEDULE_TIMEOUT);
176 	}
177 }
178 
179 /*
180  * Allocate an element from the rcu_tortures pool.
181  */
182 static struct rcu_torture *
rcu_torture_alloc(void)183 rcu_torture_alloc(void)
184 {
185 	struct list_head *p;
186 
187 	spin_lock_bh(&rcu_torture_lock);
188 	if (list_empty(&rcu_torture_freelist)) {
189 		atomic_inc(&n_rcu_torture_alloc_fail);
190 		spin_unlock_bh(&rcu_torture_lock);
191 		return NULL;
192 	}
193 	atomic_inc(&n_rcu_torture_alloc);
194 	p = rcu_torture_freelist.next;
195 	list_del_init(p);
196 	spin_unlock_bh(&rcu_torture_lock);
197 	return container_of(p, struct rcu_torture, rtort_free);
198 }
199 
200 /*
201  * Free an element to the rcu_tortures pool.
202  */
203 static void
rcu_torture_free(struct rcu_torture * p)204 rcu_torture_free(struct rcu_torture *p)
205 {
206 	atomic_inc(&n_rcu_torture_free);
207 	spin_lock_bh(&rcu_torture_lock);
208 	list_add_tail(&p->rtort_free, &rcu_torture_freelist);
209 	spin_unlock_bh(&rcu_torture_lock);
210 }
211 
212 struct rcu_random_state {
213 	unsigned long rrs_state;
214 	long rrs_count;
215 };
216 
217 #define RCU_RANDOM_MULT 39916801  /* prime */
218 #define RCU_RANDOM_ADD	479001701 /* prime */
219 #define RCU_RANDOM_REFRESH 10000
220 
221 #define DEFINE_RCU_RANDOM(name) struct rcu_random_state name = { 0, 0 }
222 
223 /*
224  * Crude but fast random-number generator.  Uses a linear congruential
225  * generator, with occasional help from cpu_clock().
226  */
227 static unsigned long
rcu_random(struct rcu_random_state * rrsp)228 rcu_random(struct rcu_random_state *rrsp)
229 {
230 	if (--rrsp->rrs_count < 0) {
231 		rrsp->rrs_state +=
232 			(unsigned long)cpu_clock(raw_smp_processor_id());
233 		rrsp->rrs_count = RCU_RANDOM_REFRESH;
234 	}
235 	rrsp->rrs_state = rrsp->rrs_state * RCU_RANDOM_MULT + RCU_RANDOM_ADD;
236 	return swahw32(rrsp->rrs_state);
237 }
238 
239 static void
rcu_stutter_wait(char * title)240 rcu_stutter_wait(char *title)
241 {
242 	while (stutter_pause_test || !rcutorture_runnable) {
243 		if (rcutorture_runnable)
244 			schedule_timeout_interruptible(1);
245 		else
246 			schedule_timeout_interruptible(round_jiffies_relative(HZ));
247 		rcutorture_shutdown_absorb(title);
248 	}
249 }
250 
251 /*
252  * Operations vector for selecting different types of tests.
253  */
254 
255 struct rcu_torture_ops {
256 	void (*init)(void);
257 	void (*cleanup)(void);
258 	int (*readlock)(void);
259 	void (*readdelay)(struct rcu_random_state *rrsp);
260 	void (*readunlock)(int idx);
261 	int (*completed)(void);
262 	void (*deferredfree)(struct rcu_torture *p);
263 	void (*sync)(void);
264 	void (*cb_barrier)(void);
265 	int (*stats)(char *page);
266 	int irqcapable;
267 	char *name;
268 };
269 static struct rcu_torture_ops *cur_ops = NULL;
270 
271 /*
272  * Definitions for rcu torture testing.
273  */
274 
rcu_torture_read_lock(void)275 static int rcu_torture_read_lock(void) __acquires(RCU)
276 {
277 	rcu_read_lock();
278 	return 0;
279 }
280 
rcu_read_delay(struct rcu_random_state * rrsp)281 static void rcu_read_delay(struct rcu_random_state *rrsp)
282 {
283 	long delay;
284 	const long longdelay = 200;
285 
286 	/* We want there to be long-running readers, but not all the time. */
287 
288 	delay = rcu_random(rrsp) % (nrealreaders * 2 * longdelay);
289 	if (!delay)
290 		udelay(longdelay);
291 }
292 
rcu_torture_read_unlock(int idx)293 static void rcu_torture_read_unlock(int idx) __releases(RCU)
294 {
295 	rcu_read_unlock();
296 }
297 
rcu_torture_completed(void)298 static int rcu_torture_completed(void)
299 {
300 	return rcu_batches_completed();
301 }
302 
303 static void
rcu_torture_cb(struct rcu_head * p)304 rcu_torture_cb(struct rcu_head *p)
305 {
306 	int i;
307 	struct rcu_torture *rp = container_of(p, struct rcu_torture, rtort_rcu);
308 
309 	if (fullstop != FULLSTOP_DONTSTOP) {
310 		/* Test is ending, just drop callbacks on the floor. */
311 		/* The next initialization will pick up the pieces. */
312 		return;
313 	}
314 	i = rp->rtort_pipe_count;
315 	if (i > RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN)
316 		i = RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN;
317 	atomic_inc(&rcu_torture_wcount[i]);
318 	if (++rp->rtort_pipe_count >= RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN) {
319 		rp->rtort_mbtest = 0;
320 		rcu_torture_free(rp);
321 	} else
322 		cur_ops->deferredfree(rp);
323 }
324 
rcu_torture_deferred_free(struct rcu_torture * p)325 static void rcu_torture_deferred_free(struct rcu_torture *p)
326 {
327 	call_rcu(&p->rtort_rcu, rcu_torture_cb);
328 }
329 
330 static struct rcu_torture_ops rcu_ops = {
331 	.init = NULL,
332 	.cleanup = NULL,
333 	.readlock = rcu_torture_read_lock,
334 	.readdelay = rcu_read_delay,
335 	.readunlock = rcu_torture_read_unlock,
336 	.completed = rcu_torture_completed,
337 	.deferredfree = rcu_torture_deferred_free,
338 	.sync = synchronize_rcu,
339 	.cb_barrier = rcu_barrier,
340 	.stats = NULL,
341 	.irqcapable = 1,
342 	.name = "rcu"
343 };
344 
rcu_sync_torture_deferred_free(struct rcu_torture * p)345 static void rcu_sync_torture_deferred_free(struct rcu_torture *p)
346 {
347 	int i;
348 	struct rcu_torture *rp;
349 	struct rcu_torture *rp1;
350 
351 	cur_ops->sync();
352 	list_add(&p->rtort_free, &rcu_torture_removed);
353 	list_for_each_entry_safe(rp, rp1, &rcu_torture_removed, rtort_free) {
354 		i = rp->rtort_pipe_count;
355 		if (i > RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN)
356 			i = RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN;
357 		atomic_inc(&rcu_torture_wcount[i]);
358 		if (++rp->rtort_pipe_count >= RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN) {
359 			rp->rtort_mbtest = 0;
360 			list_del(&rp->rtort_free);
361 			rcu_torture_free(rp);
362 		}
363 	}
364 }
365 
rcu_sync_torture_init(void)366 static void rcu_sync_torture_init(void)
367 {
368 	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&rcu_torture_removed);
369 }
370 
371 static struct rcu_torture_ops rcu_sync_ops = {
372 	.init = rcu_sync_torture_init,
373 	.cleanup = NULL,
374 	.readlock = rcu_torture_read_lock,
375 	.readdelay = rcu_read_delay,
376 	.readunlock = rcu_torture_read_unlock,
377 	.completed = rcu_torture_completed,
378 	.deferredfree = rcu_sync_torture_deferred_free,
379 	.sync = synchronize_rcu,
380 	.cb_barrier = NULL,
381 	.stats = NULL,
382 	.irqcapable = 1,
383 	.name = "rcu_sync"
384 };
385 
386 /*
387  * Definitions for rcu_bh torture testing.
388  */
389 
rcu_bh_torture_read_lock(void)390 static int rcu_bh_torture_read_lock(void) __acquires(RCU_BH)
391 {
392 	rcu_read_lock_bh();
393 	return 0;
394 }
395 
rcu_bh_torture_read_unlock(int idx)396 static void rcu_bh_torture_read_unlock(int idx) __releases(RCU_BH)
397 {
398 	rcu_read_unlock_bh();
399 }
400 
rcu_bh_torture_completed(void)401 static int rcu_bh_torture_completed(void)
402 {
403 	return rcu_batches_completed_bh();
404 }
405 
rcu_bh_torture_deferred_free(struct rcu_torture * p)406 static void rcu_bh_torture_deferred_free(struct rcu_torture *p)
407 {
408 	call_rcu_bh(&p->rtort_rcu, rcu_torture_cb);
409 }
410 
411 struct rcu_bh_torture_synchronize {
412 	struct rcu_head head;
413 	struct completion completion;
414 };
415 
rcu_bh_torture_wakeme_after_cb(struct rcu_head * head)416 static void rcu_bh_torture_wakeme_after_cb(struct rcu_head *head)
417 {
418 	struct rcu_bh_torture_synchronize *rcu;
419 
420 	rcu = container_of(head, struct rcu_bh_torture_synchronize, head);
421 	complete(&rcu->completion);
422 }
423 
rcu_bh_torture_synchronize(void)424 static void rcu_bh_torture_synchronize(void)
425 {
426 	struct rcu_bh_torture_synchronize rcu;
427 
428 	init_completion(&rcu.completion);
429 	call_rcu_bh(&rcu.head, rcu_bh_torture_wakeme_after_cb);
430 	wait_for_completion(&rcu.completion);
431 }
432 
433 static struct rcu_torture_ops rcu_bh_ops = {
434 	.init = NULL,
435 	.cleanup = NULL,
436 	.readlock = rcu_bh_torture_read_lock,
437 	.readdelay = rcu_read_delay,  /* just reuse rcu's version. */
438 	.readunlock = rcu_bh_torture_read_unlock,
439 	.completed = rcu_bh_torture_completed,
440 	.deferredfree = rcu_bh_torture_deferred_free,
441 	.sync = rcu_bh_torture_synchronize,
442 	.cb_barrier = rcu_barrier_bh,
443 	.stats = NULL,
444 	.irqcapable = 1,
445 	.name = "rcu_bh"
446 };
447 
448 static struct rcu_torture_ops rcu_bh_sync_ops = {
449 	.init = rcu_sync_torture_init,
450 	.cleanup = NULL,
451 	.readlock = rcu_bh_torture_read_lock,
452 	.readdelay = rcu_read_delay,  /* just reuse rcu's version. */
453 	.readunlock = rcu_bh_torture_read_unlock,
454 	.completed = rcu_bh_torture_completed,
455 	.deferredfree = rcu_sync_torture_deferred_free,
456 	.sync = rcu_bh_torture_synchronize,
457 	.cb_barrier = NULL,
458 	.stats = NULL,
459 	.irqcapable = 1,
460 	.name = "rcu_bh_sync"
461 };
462 
463 /*
464  * Definitions for srcu torture testing.
465  */
466 
467 static struct srcu_struct srcu_ctl;
468 
srcu_torture_init(void)469 static void srcu_torture_init(void)
470 {
471 	init_srcu_struct(&srcu_ctl);
472 	rcu_sync_torture_init();
473 }
474 
srcu_torture_cleanup(void)475 static void srcu_torture_cleanup(void)
476 {
477 	synchronize_srcu(&srcu_ctl);
478 	cleanup_srcu_struct(&srcu_ctl);
479 }
480 
srcu_torture_read_lock(void)481 static int srcu_torture_read_lock(void) __acquires(&srcu_ctl)
482 {
483 	return srcu_read_lock(&srcu_ctl);
484 }
485 
srcu_read_delay(struct rcu_random_state * rrsp)486 static void srcu_read_delay(struct rcu_random_state *rrsp)
487 {
488 	long delay;
489 	const long uspertick = 1000000 / HZ;
490 	const long longdelay = 10;
491 
492 	/* We want there to be long-running readers, but not all the time. */
493 
494 	delay = rcu_random(rrsp) % (nrealreaders * 2 * longdelay * uspertick);
495 	if (!delay)
496 		schedule_timeout_interruptible(longdelay);
497 }
498 
srcu_torture_read_unlock(int idx)499 static void srcu_torture_read_unlock(int idx) __releases(&srcu_ctl)
500 {
501 	srcu_read_unlock(&srcu_ctl, idx);
502 }
503 
srcu_torture_completed(void)504 static int srcu_torture_completed(void)
505 {
506 	return srcu_batches_completed(&srcu_ctl);
507 }
508 
srcu_torture_synchronize(void)509 static void srcu_torture_synchronize(void)
510 {
511 	synchronize_srcu(&srcu_ctl);
512 }
513 
srcu_torture_stats(char * page)514 static int srcu_torture_stats(char *page)
515 {
516 	int cnt = 0;
517 	int cpu;
518 	int idx = srcu_ctl.completed & 0x1;
519 
520 	cnt += sprintf(&page[cnt], "%s%s per-CPU(idx=%d):",
521 		       torture_type, TORTURE_FLAG, idx);
522 	for_each_possible_cpu(cpu) {
523 		cnt += sprintf(&page[cnt], " %d(%d,%d)", cpu,
524 			       per_cpu_ptr(srcu_ctl.per_cpu_ref, cpu)->c[!idx],
525 			       per_cpu_ptr(srcu_ctl.per_cpu_ref, cpu)->c[idx]);
526 	}
527 	cnt += sprintf(&page[cnt], "\n");
528 	return cnt;
529 }
530 
531 static struct rcu_torture_ops srcu_ops = {
532 	.init = srcu_torture_init,
533 	.cleanup = srcu_torture_cleanup,
534 	.readlock = srcu_torture_read_lock,
535 	.readdelay = srcu_read_delay,
536 	.readunlock = srcu_torture_read_unlock,
537 	.completed = srcu_torture_completed,
538 	.deferredfree = rcu_sync_torture_deferred_free,
539 	.sync = srcu_torture_synchronize,
540 	.cb_barrier = NULL,
541 	.stats = srcu_torture_stats,
542 	.name = "srcu"
543 };
544 
545 /*
546  * Definitions for sched torture testing.
547  */
548 
sched_torture_read_lock(void)549 static int sched_torture_read_lock(void)
550 {
551 	preempt_disable();
552 	return 0;
553 }
554 
sched_torture_read_unlock(int idx)555 static void sched_torture_read_unlock(int idx)
556 {
557 	preempt_enable();
558 }
559 
sched_torture_completed(void)560 static int sched_torture_completed(void)
561 {
562 	return 0;
563 }
564 
rcu_sched_torture_deferred_free(struct rcu_torture * p)565 static void rcu_sched_torture_deferred_free(struct rcu_torture *p)
566 {
567 	call_rcu_sched(&p->rtort_rcu, rcu_torture_cb);
568 }
569 
sched_torture_synchronize(void)570 static void sched_torture_synchronize(void)
571 {
572 	synchronize_sched();
573 }
574 
575 static struct rcu_torture_ops sched_ops = {
576 	.init = rcu_sync_torture_init,
577 	.cleanup = NULL,
578 	.readlock = sched_torture_read_lock,
579 	.readdelay = rcu_read_delay,  /* just reuse rcu's version. */
580 	.readunlock = sched_torture_read_unlock,
581 	.completed = sched_torture_completed,
582 	.deferredfree = rcu_sched_torture_deferred_free,
583 	.sync = sched_torture_synchronize,
584 	.cb_barrier = rcu_barrier_sched,
585 	.stats = NULL,
586 	.irqcapable = 1,
587 	.name = "sched"
588 };
589 
590 static struct rcu_torture_ops sched_ops_sync = {
591 	.init = rcu_sync_torture_init,
592 	.cleanup = NULL,
593 	.readlock = sched_torture_read_lock,
594 	.readdelay = rcu_read_delay,  /* just reuse rcu's version. */
595 	.readunlock = sched_torture_read_unlock,
596 	.completed = sched_torture_completed,
597 	.deferredfree = rcu_sync_torture_deferred_free,
598 	.sync = sched_torture_synchronize,
599 	.cb_barrier = NULL,
600 	.stats = NULL,
601 	.name = "sched_sync"
602 };
603 
604 /*
605  * RCU torture writer kthread.  Repeatedly substitutes a new structure
606  * for that pointed to by rcu_torture_current, freeing the old structure
607  * after a series of grace periods (the "pipeline").
608  */
609 static int
rcu_torture_writer(void * arg)610 rcu_torture_writer(void *arg)
611 {
612 	int i;
613 	long oldbatch = rcu_batches_completed();
614 	struct rcu_torture *rp;
615 	struct rcu_torture *old_rp;
616 	static DEFINE_RCU_RANDOM(rand);
617 
618 	VERBOSE_PRINTK_STRING("rcu_torture_writer task started");
619 	set_user_nice(current, 19);
620 
621 	do {
622 		schedule_timeout_uninterruptible(1);
623 		if ((rp = rcu_torture_alloc()) == NULL)
624 			continue;
625 		rp->rtort_pipe_count = 0;
626 		udelay(rcu_random(&rand) & 0x3ff);
627 		old_rp = rcu_torture_current;
628 		rp->rtort_mbtest = 1;
629 		rcu_assign_pointer(rcu_torture_current, rp);
630 		smp_wmb();
631 		if (old_rp) {
632 			i = old_rp->rtort_pipe_count;
633 			if (i > RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN)
634 				i = RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN;
635 			atomic_inc(&rcu_torture_wcount[i]);
636 			old_rp->rtort_pipe_count++;
637 			cur_ops->deferredfree(old_rp);
638 		}
639 		rcu_torture_current_version++;
640 		oldbatch = cur_ops->completed();
641 		rcu_stutter_wait("rcu_torture_writer");
642 	} while (!kthread_should_stop() && fullstop == FULLSTOP_DONTSTOP);
643 	VERBOSE_PRINTK_STRING("rcu_torture_writer task stopping");
644 	rcutorture_shutdown_absorb("rcu_torture_writer");
645 	while (!kthread_should_stop())
646 		schedule_timeout_uninterruptible(1);
647 	return 0;
648 }
649 
650 /*
651  * RCU torture fake writer kthread.  Repeatedly calls sync, with a random
652  * delay between calls.
653  */
654 static int
rcu_torture_fakewriter(void * arg)655 rcu_torture_fakewriter(void *arg)
656 {
657 	DEFINE_RCU_RANDOM(rand);
658 
659 	VERBOSE_PRINTK_STRING("rcu_torture_fakewriter task started");
660 	set_user_nice(current, 19);
661 
662 	do {
663 		schedule_timeout_uninterruptible(1 + rcu_random(&rand)%10);
664 		udelay(rcu_random(&rand) & 0x3ff);
665 		cur_ops->sync();
666 		rcu_stutter_wait("rcu_torture_fakewriter");
667 	} while (!kthread_should_stop() && fullstop == FULLSTOP_DONTSTOP);
668 
669 	VERBOSE_PRINTK_STRING("rcu_torture_fakewriter task stopping");
670 	rcutorture_shutdown_absorb("rcu_torture_fakewriter");
671 	while (!kthread_should_stop())
672 		schedule_timeout_uninterruptible(1);
673 	return 0;
674 }
675 
676 /*
677  * RCU torture reader from timer handler.  Dereferences rcu_torture_current,
678  * incrementing the corresponding element of the pipeline array.  The
679  * counter in the element should never be greater than 1, otherwise, the
680  * RCU implementation is broken.
681  */
rcu_torture_timer(unsigned long unused)682 static void rcu_torture_timer(unsigned long unused)
683 {
684 	int idx;
685 	int completed;
686 	static DEFINE_RCU_RANDOM(rand);
687 	static DEFINE_SPINLOCK(rand_lock);
688 	struct rcu_torture *p;
689 	int pipe_count;
690 
691 	idx = cur_ops->readlock();
692 	completed = cur_ops->completed();
693 	p = rcu_dereference(rcu_torture_current);
694 	if (p == NULL) {
695 		/* Leave because rcu_torture_writer is not yet underway */
696 		cur_ops->readunlock(idx);
697 		return;
698 	}
699 	if (p->rtort_mbtest == 0)
700 		atomic_inc(&n_rcu_torture_mberror);
701 	spin_lock(&rand_lock);
702 	cur_ops->readdelay(&rand);
703 	n_rcu_torture_timers++;
704 	spin_unlock(&rand_lock);
705 	preempt_disable();
706 	pipe_count = p->rtort_pipe_count;
707 	if (pipe_count > RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN) {
708 		/* Should not happen, but... */
709 		pipe_count = RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN;
710 	}
711 	++__get_cpu_var(rcu_torture_count)[pipe_count];
712 	completed = cur_ops->completed() - completed;
713 	if (completed > RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN) {
714 		/* Should not happen, but... */
715 		completed = RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN;
716 	}
717 	++__get_cpu_var(rcu_torture_batch)[completed];
718 	preempt_enable();
719 	cur_ops->readunlock(idx);
720 }
721 
722 /*
723  * RCU torture reader kthread.  Repeatedly dereferences rcu_torture_current,
724  * incrementing the corresponding element of the pipeline array.  The
725  * counter in the element should never be greater than 1, otherwise, the
726  * RCU implementation is broken.
727  */
728 static int
rcu_torture_reader(void * arg)729 rcu_torture_reader(void *arg)
730 {
731 	int completed;
732 	int idx;
733 	DEFINE_RCU_RANDOM(rand);
734 	struct rcu_torture *p;
735 	int pipe_count;
736 	struct timer_list t;
737 
738 	VERBOSE_PRINTK_STRING("rcu_torture_reader task started");
739 	set_user_nice(current, 19);
740 	if (irqreader && cur_ops->irqcapable)
741 		setup_timer_on_stack(&t, rcu_torture_timer, 0);
742 
743 	do {
744 		if (irqreader && cur_ops->irqcapable) {
745 			if (!timer_pending(&t))
746 				mod_timer(&t, 1);
747 		}
748 		idx = cur_ops->readlock();
749 		completed = cur_ops->completed();
750 		p = rcu_dereference(rcu_torture_current);
751 		if (p == NULL) {
752 			/* Wait for rcu_torture_writer to get underway */
753 			cur_ops->readunlock(idx);
754 			schedule_timeout_interruptible(HZ);
755 			continue;
756 		}
757 		if (p->rtort_mbtest == 0)
758 			atomic_inc(&n_rcu_torture_mberror);
759 		cur_ops->readdelay(&rand);
760 		preempt_disable();
761 		pipe_count = p->rtort_pipe_count;
762 		if (pipe_count > RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN) {
763 			/* Should not happen, but... */
764 			pipe_count = RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN;
765 		}
766 		++__get_cpu_var(rcu_torture_count)[pipe_count];
767 		completed = cur_ops->completed() - completed;
768 		if (completed > RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN) {
769 			/* Should not happen, but... */
770 			completed = RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN;
771 		}
772 		++__get_cpu_var(rcu_torture_batch)[completed];
773 		preempt_enable();
774 		cur_ops->readunlock(idx);
775 		schedule();
776 		rcu_stutter_wait("rcu_torture_reader");
777 	} while (!kthread_should_stop() && fullstop == FULLSTOP_DONTSTOP);
778 	VERBOSE_PRINTK_STRING("rcu_torture_reader task stopping");
779 	rcutorture_shutdown_absorb("rcu_torture_reader");
780 	if (irqreader && cur_ops->irqcapable)
781 		del_timer_sync(&t);
782 	while (!kthread_should_stop())
783 		schedule_timeout_uninterruptible(1);
784 	return 0;
785 }
786 
787 /*
788  * Create an RCU-torture statistics message in the specified buffer.
789  */
790 static int
rcu_torture_printk(char * page)791 rcu_torture_printk(char *page)
792 {
793 	int cnt = 0;
794 	int cpu;
795 	int i;
796 	long pipesummary[RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN + 1] = { 0 };
797 	long batchsummary[RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN + 1] = { 0 };
798 
799 	for_each_possible_cpu(cpu) {
800 		for (i = 0; i < RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN + 1; i++) {
801 			pipesummary[i] += per_cpu(rcu_torture_count, cpu)[i];
802 			batchsummary[i] += per_cpu(rcu_torture_batch, cpu)[i];
803 		}
804 	}
805 	for (i = RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
806 		if (pipesummary[i] != 0)
807 			break;
808 	}
809 	cnt += sprintf(&page[cnt], "%s%s ", torture_type, TORTURE_FLAG);
810 	cnt += sprintf(&page[cnt],
811 		       "rtc: %p ver: %ld tfle: %d rta: %d rtaf: %d rtf: %d "
812 		       "rtmbe: %d nt: %ld",
813 		       rcu_torture_current,
814 		       rcu_torture_current_version,
815 		       list_empty(&rcu_torture_freelist),
816 		       atomic_read(&n_rcu_torture_alloc),
817 		       atomic_read(&n_rcu_torture_alloc_fail),
818 		       atomic_read(&n_rcu_torture_free),
819 		       atomic_read(&n_rcu_torture_mberror),
820 		       n_rcu_torture_timers);
821 	if (atomic_read(&n_rcu_torture_mberror) != 0)
822 		cnt += sprintf(&page[cnt], " !!!");
823 	cnt += sprintf(&page[cnt], "\n%s%s ", torture_type, TORTURE_FLAG);
824 	if (i > 1) {
825 		cnt += sprintf(&page[cnt], "!!! ");
826 		atomic_inc(&n_rcu_torture_error);
827 		WARN_ON_ONCE(1);
828 	}
829 	cnt += sprintf(&page[cnt], "Reader Pipe: ");
830 	for (i = 0; i < RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN + 1; i++)
831 		cnt += sprintf(&page[cnt], " %ld", pipesummary[i]);
832 	cnt += sprintf(&page[cnt], "\n%s%s ", torture_type, TORTURE_FLAG);
833 	cnt += sprintf(&page[cnt], "Reader Batch: ");
834 	for (i = 0; i < RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN + 1; i++)
835 		cnt += sprintf(&page[cnt], " %ld", batchsummary[i]);
836 	cnt += sprintf(&page[cnt], "\n%s%s ", torture_type, TORTURE_FLAG);
837 	cnt += sprintf(&page[cnt], "Free-Block Circulation: ");
838 	for (i = 0; i < RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN + 1; i++) {
839 		cnt += sprintf(&page[cnt], " %d",
840 			       atomic_read(&rcu_torture_wcount[i]));
841 	}
842 	cnt += sprintf(&page[cnt], "\n");
843 	if (cur_ops->stats)
844 		cnt += cur_ops->stats(&page[cnt]);
845 	return cnt;
846 }
847 
848 /*
849  * Print torture statistics.  Caller must ensure that there is only
850  * one call to this function at a given time!!!  This is normally
851  * accomplished by relying on the module system to only have one copy
852  * of the module loaded, and then by giving the rcu_torture_stats
853  * kthread full control (or the init/cleanup functions when rcu_torture_stats
854  * thread is not running).
855  */
856 static void
rcu_torture_stats_print(void)857 rcu_torture_stats_print(void)
858 {
859 	int cnt;
860 
861 	cnt = rcu_torture_printk(printk_buf);
862 	printk(KERN_ALERT "%s", printk_buf);
863 }
864 
865 /*
866  * Periodically prints torture statistics, if periodic statistics printing
867  * was specified via the stat_interval module parameter.
868  *
869  * No need to worry about fullstop here, since this one doesn't reference
870  * volatile state or register callbacks.
871  */
872 static int
rcu_torture_stats(void * arg)873 rcu_torture_stats(void *arg)
874 {
875 	VERBOSE_PRINTK_STRING("rcu_torture_stats task started");
876 	do {
877 		schedule_timeout_interruptible(stat_interval * HZ);
878 		rcu_torture_stats_print();
879 		rcutorture_shutdown_absorb("rcu_torture_stats");
880 	} while (!kthread_should_stop());
881 	VERBOSE_PRINTK_STRING("rcu_torture_stats task stopping");
882 	return 0;
883 }
884 
885 static int rcu_idle_cpu;	/* Force all torture tasks off this CPU */
886 
887 /* Shuffle tasks such that we allow @rcu_idle_cpu to become idle. A special case
888  * is when @rcu_idle_cpu = -1, when we allow the tasks to run on all CPUs.
889  */
rcu_torture_shuffle_tasks(void)890 static void rcu_torture_shuffle_tasks(void)
891 {
892 	cpumask_t tmp_mask;
893 	int i;
894 
895 	cpus_setall(tmp_mask);
896 	get_online_cpus();
897 
898 	/* No point in shuffling if there is only one online CPU (ex: UP) */
899 	if (num_online_cpus() == 1) {
900 		put_online_cpus();
901 		return;
902 	}
903 
904 	if (rcu_idle_cpu != -1)
905 		cpu_clear(rcu_idle_cpu, tmp_mask);
906 
907 	set_cpus_allowed_ptr(current, &tmp_mask);
908 
909 	if (reader_tasks) {
910 		for (i = 0; i < nrealreaders; i++)
911 			if (reader_tasks[i])
912 				set_cpus_allowed_ptr(reader_tasks[i],
913 						     &tmp_mask);
914 	}
915 
916 	if (fakewriter_tasks) {
917 		for (i = 0; i < nfakewriters; i++)
918 			if (fakewriter_tasks[i])
919 				set_cpus_allowed_ptr(fakewriter_tasks[i],
920 						     &tmp_mask);
921 	}
922 
923 	if (writer_task)
924 		set_cpus_allowed_ptr(writer_task, &tmp_mask);
925 
926 	if (stats_task)
927 		set_cpus_allowed_ptr(stats_task, &tmp_mask);
928 
929 	if (rcu_idle_cpu == -1)
930 		rcu_idle_cpu = num_online_cpus() - 1;
931 	else
932 		rcu_idle_cpu--;
933 
934 	put_online_cpus();
935 }
936 
937 /* Shuffle tasks across CPUs, with the intent of allowing each CPU in the
938  * system to become idle at a time and cut off its timer ticks. This is meant
939  * to test the support for such tickless idle CPU in RCU.
940  */
941 static int
rcu_torture_shuffle(void * arg)942 rcu_torture_shuffle(void *arg)
943 {
944 	VERBOSE_PRINTK_STRING("rcu_torture_shuffle task started");
945 	do {
946 		schedule_timeout_interruptible(shuffle_interval * HZ);
947 		rcu_torture_shuffle_tasks();
948 		rcutorture_shutdown_absorb("rcu_torture_shuffle");
949 	} while (!kthread_should_stop());
950 	VERBOSE_PRINTK_STRING("rcu_torture_shuffle task stopping");
951 	return 0;
952 }
953 
954 /* Cause the rcutorture test to "stutter", starting and stopping all
955  * threads periodically.
956  */
957 static int
rcu_torture_stutter(void * arg)958 rcu_torture_stutter(void *arg)
959 {
960 	VERBOSE_PRINTK_STRING("rcu_torture_stutter task started");
961 	do {
962 		schedule_timeout_interruptible(stutter * HZ);
963 		stutter_pause_test = 1;
964 		if (!kthread_should_stop())
965 			schedule_timeout_interruptible(stutter * HZ);
966 		stutter_pause_test = 0;
967 		rcutorture_shutdown_absorb("rcu_torture_stutter");
968 	} while (!kthread_should_stop());
969 	VERBOSE_PRINTK_STRING("rcu_torture_stutter task stopping");
970 	return 0;
971 }
972 
973 static inline void
rcu_torture_print_module_parms(char * tag)974 rcu_torture_print_module_parms(char *tag)
975 {
976 	printk(KERN_ALERT "%s" TORTURE_FLAG
977 		"--- %s: nreaders=%d nfakewriters=%d "
978 		"stat_interval=%d verbose=%d test_no_idle_hz=%d "
979 		"shuffle_interval=%d stutter=%d irqreader=%d\n",
980 		torture_type, tag, nrealreaders, nfakewriters,
981 		stat_interval, verbose, test_no_idle_hz, shuffle_interval,
982 		stutter, irqreader);
983 }
984 
985 static struct notifier_block rcutorture_nb = {
986 	.notifier_call = rcutorture_shutdown_notify,
987 };
988 
989 static void
rcu_torture_cleanup(void)990 rcu_torture_cleanup(void)
991 {
992 	int i;
993 
994 	mutex_lock(&fullstop_mutex);
995 	if (fullstop == FULLSTOP_SHUTDOWN) {
996 		printk(KERN_WARNING /* but going down anyway, so... */
997 		       "Concurrent 'rmmod rcutorture' and shutdown illegal!\n");
998 		mutex_unlock(&fullstop_mutex);
999 		schedule_timeout_uninterruptible(10);
1000 		if (cur_ops->cb_barrier != NULL)
1001 			cur_ops->cb_barrier();
1002 		return;
1003 	}
1004 	fullstop = FULLSTOP_RMMOD;
1005 	mutex_unlock(&fullstop_mutex);
1006 	unregister_reboot_notifier(&rcutorture_nb);
1007 	if (stutter_task) {
1008 		VERBOSE_PRINTK_STRING("Stopping rcu_torture_stutter task");
1009 		kthread_stop(stutter_task);
1010 	}
1011 	stutter_task = NULL;
1012 	if (shuffler_task) {
1013 		VERBOSE_PRINTK_STRING("Stopping rcu_torture_shuffle task");
1014 		kthread_stop(shuffler_task);
1015 	}
1016 	shuffler_task = NULL;
1017 
1018 	if (writer_task) {
1019 		VERBOSE_PRINTK_STRING("Stopping rcu_torture_writer task");
1020 		kthread_stop(writer_task);
1021 	}
1022 	writer_task = NULL;
1023 
1024 	if (reader_tasks) {
1025 		for (i = 0; i < nrealreaders; i++) {
1026 			if (reader_tasks[i]) {
1027 				VERBOSE_PRINTK_STRING(
1028 					"Stopping rcu_torture_reader task");
1029 				kthread_stop(reader_tasks[i]);
1030 			}
1031 			reader_tasks[i] = NULL;
1032 		}
1033 		kfree(reader_tasks);
1034 		reader_tasks = NULL;
1035 	}
1036 	rcu_torture_current = NULL;
1037 
1038 	if (fakewriter_tasks) {
1039 		for (i = 0; i < nfakewriters; i++) {
1040 			if (fakewriter_tasks[i]) {
1041 				VERBOSE_PRINTK_STRING(
1042 					"Stopping rcu_torture_fakewriter task");
1043 				kthread_stop(fakewriter_tasks[i]);
1044 			}
1045 			fakewriter_tasks[i] = NULL;
1046 		}
1047 		kfree(fakewriter_tasks);
1048 		fakewriter_tasks = NULL;
1049 	}
1050 
1051 	if (stats_task) {
1052 		VERBOSE_PRINTK_STRING("Stopping rcu_torture_stats task");
1053 		kthread_stop(stats_task);
1054 	}
1055 	stats_task = NULL;
1056 
1057 	/* Wait for all RCU callbacks to fire.  */
1058 
1059 	if (cur_ops->cb_barrier != NULL)
1060 		cur_ops->cb_barrier();
1061 
1062 	rcu_torture_stats_print();  /* -After- the stats thread is stopped! */
1063 
1064 	if (cur_ops->cleanup)
1065 		cur_ops->cleanup();
1066 	if (atomic_read(&n_rcu_torture_error))
1067 		rcu_torture_print_module_parms("End of test: FAILURE");
1068 	else
1069 		rcu_torture_print_module_parms("End of test: SUCCESS");
1070 }
1071 
1072 static int __init
rcu_torture_init(void)1073 rcu_torture_init(void)
1074 {
1075 	int i;
1076 	int cpu;
1077 	int firsterr = 0;
1078 	static struct rcu_torture_ops *torture_ops[] =
1079 		{ &rcu_ops, &rcu_sync_ops, &rcu_bh_ops, &rcu_bh_sync_ops,
1080 		  &srcu_ops, &sched_ops, &sched_ops_sync, };
1081 
1082 	mutex_lock(&fullstop_mutex);
1083 
1084 	/* Process args and tell the world that the torturer is on the job. */
1085 	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(torture_ops); i++) {
1086 		cur_ops = torture_ops[i];
1087 		if (strcmp(torture_type, cur_ops->name) == 0)
1088 			break;
1089 	}
1090 	if (i == ARRAY_SIZE(torture_ops)) {
1091 		printk(KERN_ALERT "rcutorture: invalid torture type: \"%s\"\n",
1092 		       torture_type);
1093 		mutex_unlock(&fullstop_mutex);
1094 		return (-EINVAL);
1095 	}
1096 	if (cur_ops->init)
1097 		cur_ops->init(); /* no "goto unwind" prior to this point!!! */
1098 
1099 	if (nreaders >= 0)
1100 		nrealreaders = nreaders;
1101 	else
1102 		nrealreaders = 2 * num_online_cpus();
1103 	rcu_torture_print_module_parms("Start of test");
1104 	fullstop = FULLSTOP_DONTSTOP;
1105 
1106 	/* Set up the freelist. */
1107 
1108 	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&rcu_torture_freelist);
1109 	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(rcu_tortures); i++) {
1110 		rcu_tortures[i].rtort_mbtest = 0;
1111 		list_add_tail(&rcu_tortures[i].rtort_free,
1112 			      &rcu_torture_freelist);
1113 	}
1114 
1115 	/* Initialize the statistics so that each run gets its own numbers. */
1116 
1117 	rcu_torture_current = NULL;
1118 	rcu_torture_current_version = 0;
1119 	atomic_set(&n_rcu_torture_alloc, 0);
1120 	atomic_set(&n_rcu_torture_alloc_fail, 0);
1121 	atomic_set(&n_rcu_torture_free, 0);
1122 	atomic_set(&n_rcu_torture_mberror, 0);
1123 	atomic_set(&n_rcu_torture_error, 0);
1124 	for (i = 0; i < RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN + 1; i++)
1125 		atomic_set(&rcu_torture_wcount[i], 0);
1126 	for_each_possible_cpu(cpu) {
1127 		for (i = 0; i < RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN + 1; i++) {
1128 			per_cpu(rcu_torture_count, cpu)[i] = 0;
1129 			per_cpu(rcu_torture_batch, cpu)[i] = 0;
1130 		}
1131 	}
1132 
1133 	/* Start up the kthreads. */
1134 
1135 	VERBOSE_PRINTK_STRING("Creating rcu_torture_writer task");
1136 	writer_task = kthread_run(rcu_torture_writer, NULL,
1137 				  "rcu_torture_writer");
1138 	if (IS_ERR(writer_task)) {
1139 		firsterr = PTR_ERR(writer_task);
1140 		VERBOSE_PRINTK_ERRSTRING("Failed to create writer");
1141 		writer_task = NULL;
1142 		goto unwind;
1143 	}
1144 	fakewriter_tasks = kzalloc(nfakewriters * sizeof(fakewriter_tasks[0]),
1145 	                           GFP_KERNEL);
1146 	if (fakewriter_tasks == NULL) {
1147 		VERBOSE_PRINTK_ERRSTRING("out of memory");
1148 		firsterr = -ENOMEM;
1149 		goto unwind;
1150 	}
1151 	for (i = 0; i < nfakewriters; i++) {
1152 		VERBOSE_PRINTK_STRING("Creating rcu_torture_fakewriter task");
1153 		fakewriter_tasks[i] = kthread_run(rcu_torture_fakewriter, NULL,
1154 		                                  "rcu_torture_fakewriter");
1155 		if (IS_ERR(fakewriter_tasks[i])) {
1156 			firsterr = PTR_ERR(fakewriter_tasks[i]);
1157 			VERBOSE_PRINTK_ERRSTRING("Failed to create fakewriter");
1158 			fakewriter_tasks[i] = NULL;
1159 			goto unwind;
1160 		}
1161 	}
1162 	reader_tasks = kzalloc(nrealreaders * sizeof(reader_tasks[0]),
1163 			       GFP_KERNEL);
1164 	if (reader_tasks == NULL) {
1165 		VERBOSE_PRINTK_ERRSTRING("out of memory");
1166 		firsterr = -ENOMEM;
1167 		goto unwind;
1168 	}
1169 	for (i = 0; i < nrealreaders; i++) {
1170 		VERBOSE_PRINTK_STRING("Creating rcu_torture_reader task");
1171 		reader_tasks[i] = kthread_run(rcu_torture_reader, NULL,
1172 					      "rcu_torture_reader");
1173 		if (IS_ERR(reader_tasks[i])) {
1174 			firsterr = PTR_ERR(reader_tasks[i]);
1175 			VERBOSE_PRINTK_ERRSTRING("Failed to create reader");
1176 			reader_tasks[i] = NULL;
1177 			goto unwind;
1178 		}
1179 	}
1180 	if (stat_interval > 0) {
1181 		VERBOSE_PRINTK_STRING("Creating rcu_torture_stats task");
1182 		stats_task = kthread_run(rcu_torture_stats, NULL,
1183 					"rcu_torture_stats");
1184 		if (IS_ERR(stats_task)) {
1185 			firsterr = PTR_ERR(stats_task);
1186 			VERBOSE_PRINTK_ERRSTRING("Failed to create stats");
1187 			stats_task = NULL;
1188 			goto unwind;
1189 		}
1190 	}
1191 	if (test_no_idle_hz) {
1192 		rcu_idle_cpu = num_online_cpus() - 1;
1193 		/* Create the shuffler thread */
1194 		shuffler_task = kthread_run(rcu_torture_shuffle, NULL,
1195 					  "rcu_torture_shuffle");
1196 		if (IS_ERR(shuffler_task)) {
1197 			firsterr = PTR_ERR(shuffler_task);
1198 			VERBOSE_PRINTK_ERRSTRING("Failed to create shuffler");
1199 			shuffler_task = NULL;
1200 			goto unwind;
1201 		}
1202 	}
1203 	if (stutter < 0)
1204 		stutter = 0;
1205 	if (stutter) {
1206 		/* Create the stutter thread */
1207 		stutter_task = kthread_run(rcu_torture_stutter, NULL,
1208 					  "rcu_torture_stutter");
1209 		if (IS_ERR(stutter_task)) {
1210 			firsterr = PTR_ERR(stutter_task);
1211 			VERBOSE_PRINTK_ERRSTRING("Failed to create stutter");
1212 			stutter_task = NULL;
1213 			goto unwind;
1214 		}
1215 	}
1216 	register_reboot_notifier(&rcutorture_nb);
1217 	mutex_unlock(&fullstop_mutex);
1218 	return 0;
1219 
1220 unwind:
1221 	mutex_unlock(&fullstop_mutex);
1222 	rcu_torture_cleanup();
1223 	return firsterr;
1224 }
1225 
1226 module_init(rcu_torture_init);
1227 module_exit(rcu_torture_cleanup);
1228