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1
2		    LINUX ALLOCATED DEVICES (2.6+ version)
3
4	     Maintained by Alan Cox <device@lanana.org>
5
6		      Last revised: 6th April 2009
7
8This list is the Linux Device List, the official registry of allocated
9device numbers and /dev directory nodes for the Linux operating
10system.
11
12The latest version of this list is available from
13http://www.lanana.org/docs/device-list/ or
14ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/docs/device-list/.  This version may be
15newer than the one distributed with the Linux kernel.
16
17The LaTeX version of this document is no longer maintained.
18
19This document is included by reference into the Filesystem Hierarchy
20Standard (FHS).	 The FHS is available from http://www.pathname.com/fhs/.
21
22Allocations marked (68k/Amiga) apply to Linux/68k on the Amiga
23platform only.	Allocations marked (68k/Atari) apply to Linux/68k on
24the Atari platform only.
25
26The symbol {2.6} means the allocation is obsolete and scheduled for
27removal once kernel version 2.6 (or equivalent) is released. Some of these
28allocations have already been removed.
29
30This document is in the public domain.	The author requests, however,
31that semantically altered versions are not distributed without
32permission of the author, assuming the author can be contacted without
33an unreasonable effort.
34
35In particular, please don't sent patches for this list to Linus, at
36least not without contacting me first.
37
38I do not have any information about these devices beyond what appears
39on this list.  Any such information requests will be deleted without
40reply.
41
42
43	  **** DEVICE DRIVERS AUTHORS PLEASE READ THIS ****
44
45To have a major number allocated, or a minor number in situations
46where that applies (e.g. busmice), please contact me with the
47appropriate device information.	 Also, if you have additional
48information regarding any of the devices listed below, or if I have
49made a mistake, I would greatly appreciate a note.
50
51I do, however, make a few requests about the nature of your report.
52This is necessary for me to be able to keep this list up to date and
53correct in a timely manner.  First of all, *please* send it to the
54correct address... <device@lanana.org>.  I receive hundreds of email
55messages a day, so mail sent to other addresses may very well get lost
56in the avalanche.  Please put in a descriptive subject, so I can find
57your mail again should I need to.  Too many people send me email
58saying just "device number request" in the subject.
59
60Second, please include a description of the device *in the same format
61as this list*.	The reason for this is that it is the only way I have
62found to ensure I have all the requisite information to publish your
63device and avoid conflicts.
64
65Third, please don't assume that the distributed version of the list is
66up to date.  Due to the number of registrations I have to maintain it
67in "batch mode", so there is likely additional registrations that
68haven't been listed yet.
69
70Fourth, remember that Linux now has extensive support for dynamic allocation
71of device numbering and can use sysfs and udev to handle the naming needs.
72There are still some exceptions in the serial and boot device area. Before
73asking for a device number make sure you actually need one.
74
75Finally, sometimes I have to play "namespace police."  Please don't be
76offended.  I often get submissions for /dev names that would be bound
77to cause conflicts down the road.  I am trying to avoid getting in a
78situation where we would have to suffer an incompatible forward
79change.  Therefore, please consult with me *before* you make your
80device names and numbers in any way public, at least to the point
81where it would be at all difficult to get them changed.
82
83Your cooperation is appreciated.
84
85
86  0		Unnamed devices (e.g. non-device mounts)
87		  0 = reserved as null device number
88		See block major 144, 145, 146 for expansion areas.
89
90  1 char	Memory devices
91		  1 = /dev/mem		Physical memory access
92		  2 = /dev/kmem		Kernel virtual memory access
93		  3 = /dev/null		Null device
94		  4 = /dev/port		I/O port access
95		  5 = /dev/zero		Null byte source
96		  6 = /dev/core		OBSOLETE - replaced by /proc/kcore
97		  7 = /dev/full		Returns ENOSPC on write
98		  8 = /dev/random	Nondeterministic random number gen.
99		  9 = /dev/urandom	Faster, less secure random number gen.
100		 10 = /dev/aio		Asynchronous I/O notification interface
101		 11 = /dev/kmsg		Writes to this come out as printk's, reads
102					export the buffered printk records.
103		 12 = /dev/oldmem	Used by crashdump kernels to access
104					the memory of the kernel that crashed.
105
106  1 block	RAM disk
107		  0 = /dev/ram0		First RAM disk
108		  1 = /dev/ram1		Second RAM disk
109		    ...
110		250 = /dev/initrd	Initial RAM disk
111
112		Older kernels had /dev/ramdisk (1, 1) here.
113		/dev/initrd refers to a RAM disk which was preloaded
114		by the boot loader; newer kernels use /dev/ram0 for
115		the initrd.
116
117  2 char	Pseudo-TTY masters
118		  0 = /dev/ptyp0	First PTY master
119		  1 = /dev/ptyp1	Second PTY master
120		    ...
121		255 = /dev/ptyef	256th PTY master
122
123		Pseudo-tty's are named as follows:
124		* Masters are "pty", slaves are "tty";
125		* the fourth letter is one of pqrstuvwxyzabcde indicating
126		  the 1st through 16th series of 16 pseudo-ttys each, and
127		* the fifth letter is one of 0123456789abcdef indicating
128		  the position within the series.
129
130		These are the old-style (BSD) PTY devices; Unix98
131		devices are on major 128 and above and use the PTY
132		master multiplex (/dev/ptmx) to acquire a PTY on
133		demand.
134
135  2 block	Floppy disks
136		  0 = /dev/fd0		Controller 0, drive 0, autodetect
137		  1 = /dev/fd1		Controller 0, drive 1, autodetect
138		  2 = /dev/fd2		Controller 0, drive 2, autodetect
139		  3 = /dev/fd3		Controller 0, drive 3, autodetect
140		128 = /dev/fd4		Controller 1, drive 0, autodetect
141		129 = /dev/fd5		Controller 1, drive 1, autodetect
142		130 = /dev/fd6		Controller 1, drive 2, autodetect
143		131 = /dev/fd7		Controller 1, drive 3, autodetect
144
145		To specify format, add to the autodetect device number:
146		  0 = /dev/fd?		Autodetect format
147		  4 = /dev/fd?d360	5.25"  360K in a 360K  drive(1)
148		 20 = /dev/fd?h360	5.25"  360K in a 1200K drive(1)
149		 48 = /dev/fd?h410	5.25"  410K in a 1200K drive
150		 64 = /dev/fd?h420	5.25"  420K in a 1200K drive
151		 24 = /dev/fd?h720	5.25"  720K in a 1200K drive
152		 80 = /dev/fd?h880	5.25"  880K in a 1200K drive(1)
153		  8 = /dev/fd?h1200	5.25" 1200K in a 1200K drive(1)
154		 40 = /dev/fd?h1440	5.25" 1440K in a 1200K drive(1)
155		 56 = /dev/fd?h1476	5.25" 1476K in a 1200K drive
156		 72 = /dev/fd?h1494	5.25" 1494K in a 1200K drive
157		 92 = /dev/fd?h1600	5.25" 1600K in a 1200K drive(1)
158
159		 12 = /dev/fd?u360	3.5"   360K Double Density(2)
160		 16 = /dev/fd?u720	3.5"   720K Double Density(1)
161		120 = /dev/fd?u800	3.5"   800K Double Density(2)
162		 52 = /dev/fd?u820	3.5"   820K Double Density
163		 68 = /dev/fd?u830	3.5"   830K Double Density
164		 84 = /dev/fd?u1040	3.5"  1040K Double Density(1)
165		 88 = /dev/fd?u1120	3.5"  1120K Double Density(1)
166		 28 = /dev/fd?u1440	3.5"  1440K High Density(1)
167		124 = /dev/fd?u1600	3.5"  1600K High Density(1)
168		 44 = /dev/fd?u1680	3.5"  1680K High Density(3)
169		 60 = /dev/fd?u1722	3.5"  1722K High Density
170		 76 = /dev/fd?u1743	3.5"  1743K High Density
171		 96 = /dev/fd?u1760	3.5"  1760K High Density
172		116 = /dev/fd?u1840	3.5"  1840K High Density(3)
173		100 = /dev/fd?u1920	3.5"  1920K High Density(1)
174		 32 = /dev/fd?u2880	3.5"  2880K Extra Density(1)
175		104 = /dev/fd?u3200	3.5"  3200K Extra Density
176		108 = /dev/fd?u3520	3.5"  3520K Extra Density
177		112 = /dev/fd?u3840	3.5"  3840K Extra Density(1)
178
179		 36 = /dev/fd?CompaQ	Compaq 2880K drive; obsolete?
180
181		(1) Autodetectable format
182		(2) Autodetectable format in a Double Density (720K) drive only
183		(3) Autodetectable format in a High Density (1440K) drive only
184
185		NOTE: The letter in the device name (d, q, h or u)
186		signifies the type of drive: 5.25" Double Density (d),
187		5.25" Quad Density (q), 5.25" High Density (h) or 3.5"
188		(any model, u).	 The use of the capital letters D, H
189		and E for the 3.5" models have been deprecated, since
190		the drive type is insignificant for these devices.
191
192  3 char	Pseudo-TTY slaves
193		  0 = /dev/ttyp0	First PTY slave
194		  1 = /dev/ttyp1	Second PTY slave
195		    ...
196		255 = /dev/ttyef	256th PTY slave
197
198		These are the old-style (BSD) PTY devices; Unix98
199		devices are on major 136 and above.
200
201  3 block	First MFM, RLL and IDE hard disk/CD-ROM interface
202		  0 = /dev/hda		Master: whole disk (or CD-ROM)
203		 64 = /dev/hdb		Slave: whole disk (or CD-ROM)
204
205		For partitions, add to the whole disk device number:
206		  0 = /dev/hd?		Whole disk
207		  1 = /dev/hd?1		First partition
208		  2 = /dev/hd?2		Second partition
209		    ...
210		 63 = /dev/hd?63	63rd partition
211
212		For Linux/i386, partitions 1-4 are the primary
213		partitions, and 5 and above are logical partitions.
214		Other versions of Linux use partitioning schemes
215		appropriate to their respective architectures.
216
217  4 char	TTY devices
218		  0 = /dev/tty0		Current virtual console
219
220		  1 = /dev/tty1		First virtual console
221		    ...
222		 63 = /dev/tty63	63rd virtual console
223		 64 = /dev/ttyS0	First UART serial port
224		    ...
225		255 = /dev/ttyS191	192nd UART serial port
226
227		UART serial ports refer to 8250/16450/16550 series devices.
228
229		Older versions of the Linux kernel used this major
230		number for BSD PTY devices.  As of Linux 2.1.115, this
231		is no longer supported.	 Use major numbers 2 and 3.
232
233  4 block	Aliases for dynamically allocated major devices to be used
234		when its not possible to create the real device nodes
235		because the root filesystem is mounted read-only.
236
237                  0 = /dev/root
238
239  5 char	Alternate TTY devices
240		  0 = /dev/tty		Current TTY device
241		  1 = /dev/console	System console
242		  2 = /dev/ptmx		PTY master multiplex
243		  3 = /dev/ttyprintk	User messages via printk TTY device
244		 64 = /dev/cua0		Callout device for ttyS0
245		    ...
246		255 = /dev/cua191	Callout device for ttyS191
247
248		(5,1) is /dev/console starting with Linux 2.1.71.  See
249		the section on terminal devices for more information
250		on /dev/console.
251
252  6 char	Parallel printer devices
253		  0 = /dev/lp0		Parallel printer on parport0
254		  1 = /dev/lp1		Parallel printer on parport1
255		    ...
256
257		Current Linux kernels no longer have a fixed mapping
258		between parallel ports and I/O addresses.  Instead,
259		they are redirected through the parport multiplex layer.
260
261  7 char	Virtual console capture devices
262		  0 = /dev/vcs		Current vc text contents
263		  1 = /dev/vcs1		tty1 text contents
264		    ...
265		 63 = /dev/vcs63	tty63 text contents
266		128 = /dev/vcsa		Current vc text/attribute contents
267		129 = /dev/vcsa1	tty1 text/attribute contents
268		    ...
269		191 = /dev/vcsa63	tty63 text/attribute contents
270
271		NOTE: These devices permit both read and write access.
272
273  7 block	Loopback devices
274		  0 = /dev/loop0	First loop device
275		  1 = /dev/loop1	Second loop device
276		    ...
277
278		The loop devices are used to mount filesystems not
279		associated with block devices.	The binding to the
280		loop devices is handled by mount(8) or losetup(8).
281
282  8 block	SCSI disk devices (0-15)
283		  0 = /dev/sda		First SCSI disk whole disk
284		 16 = /dev/sdb		Second SCSI disk whole disk
285		 32 = /dev/sdc		Third SCSI disk whole disk
286		    ...
287		240 = /dev/sdp		Sixteenth SCSI disk whole disk
288
289		Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
290		disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
291		partitions is 15.
292
293  9 char	SCSI tape devices
294		  0 = /dev/st0		First SCSI tape, mode 0
295		  1 = /dev/st1		Second SCSI tape, mode 0
296		    ...
297		 32 = /dev/st0l		First SCSI tape, mode 1
298		 33 = /dev/st1l		Second SCSI tape, mode 1
299		    ...
300		 64 = /dev/st0m		First SCSI tape, mode 2
301		 65 = /dev/st1m		Second SCSI tape, mode 2
302		    ...
303		 96 = /dev/st0a		First SCSI tape, mode 3
304		 97 = /dev/st1a		Second SCSI tape, mode 3
305		      ...
306		128 = /dev/nst0		First SCSI tape, mode 0, no rewind
307		129 = /dev/nst1		Second SCSI tape, mode 0, no rewind
308		    ...
309		160 = /dev/nst0l	First SCSI tape, mode 1, no rewind
310		161 = /dev/nst1l	Second SCSI tape, mode 1, no rewind
311		    ...
312		192 = /dev/nst0m	First SCSI tape, mode 2, no rewind
313		193 = /dev/nst1m	Second SCSI tape, mode 2, no rewind
314		    ...
315		224 = /dev/nst0a	First SCSI tape, mode 3, no rewind
316		225 = /dev/nst1a	Second SCSI tape, mode 3, no rewind
317		    ...
318
319		"No rewind" refers to the omission of the default
320		automatic rewind on device close.  The MTREW or MTOFFL
321		ioctl()'s can be used to rewind the tape regardless of
322		the device used to access it.
323
324  9 block	Metadisk (RAID) devices
325		  0 = /dev/md0		First metadisk group
326		  1 = /dev/md1		Second metadisk group
327		    ...
328
329		The metadisk driver is used to span a
330		filesystem across multiple physical disks.
331
332 10 char	Non-serial mice, misc features
333		  0 = /dev/logibm	Logitech bus mouse
334		  1 = /dev/psaux	PS/2-style mouse port
335		  2 = /dev/inportbm	Microsoft Inport bus mouse
336		  3 = /dev/atibm	ATI XL bus mouse
337		  4 = /dev/jbm		J-mouse
338		  4 = /dev/amigamouse	Amiga mouse (68k/Amiga)
339		  5 = /dev/atarimouse	Atari mouse
340		  6 = /dev/sunmouse	Sun mouse
341		  7 = /dev/amigamouse1	Second Amiga mouse
342		  8 = /dev/smouse	Simple serial mouse driver
343		  9 = /dev/pc110pad	IBM PC-110 digitizer pad
344		 10 = /dev/adbmouse	Apple Desktop Bus mouse
345		 11 = /dev/vrtpanel	Vr41xx embedded touch panel
346		 13 = /dev/vpcmouse	Connectix Virtual PC Mouse
347		 14 = /dev/touchscreen/ucb1x00  UCB 1x00 touchscreen
348		 15 = /dev/touchscreen/mk712	MK712 touchscreen
349		128 = /dev/beep		Fancy beep device
350		129 =
351		130 = /dev/watchdog	Watchdog timer port
352		131 = /dev/temperature	Machine internal temperature
353		132 = /dev/hwtrap	Hardware fault trap
354		133 = /dev/exttrp	External device trap
355		134 = /dev/apm_bios	Advanced Power Management BIOS
356		135 = /dev/rtc		Real Time Clock
357		139 = /dev/openprom	SPARC OpenBoot PROM
358		140 = /dev/relay8	Berkshire Products Octal relay card
359		141 = /dev/relay16	Berkshire Products ISO-16 relay card
360		142 =
361		143 = /dev/pciconf	PCI configuration space
362		144 = /dev/nvram	Non-volatile configuration RAM
363		145 = /dev/hfmodem	Soundcard shortwave modem control
364		146 = /dev/graphics	Linux/SGI graphics device
365		147 = /dev/opengl	Linux/SGI OpenGL pipe
366		148 = /dev/gfx		Linux/SGI graphics effects device
367		149 = /dev/input/mouse	Linux/SGI Irix emulation mouse
368		150 = /dev/input/keyboard Linux/SGI Irix emulation keyboard
369		151 = /dev/led		Front panel LEDs
370		152 = /dev/kpoll	Kernel Poll Driver
371		153 = /dev/mergemem	Memory merge device
372		154 = /dev/pmu		Macintosh PowerBook power manager
373		155 = /dev/isictl	MultiTech ISICom serial control
374		156 = /dev/lcd		Front panel LCD display
375		157 = /dev/ac		Applicom Intl Profibus card
376		158 = /dev/nwbutton	Netwinder external button
377		159 = /dev/nwdebug	Netwinder debug interface
378		160 = /dev/nwflash	Netwinder flash memory
379		161 = /dev/userdma	User-space DMA access
380		162 = /dev/smbus	System Management Bus
381		163 = /dev/lik		Logitech Internet Keyboard
382		164 = /dev/ipmo		Intel Intelligent Platform Management
383		165 = /dev/vmmon	VMware virtual machine monitor
384		166 = /dev/i2o/ctl	I2O configuration manager
385		167 = /dev/specialix_sxctl Specialix serial control
386		168 = /dev/tcldrv	Technology Concepts serial control
387		169 = /dev/specialix_rioctl Specialix RIO serial control
388		170 = /dev/thinkpad/thinkpad	IBM Thinkpad devices
389		171 = /dev/srripc	QNX4 API IPC manager
390		172 = /dev/usemaclone	Semaphore clone device
391		173 = /dev/ipmikcs	Intelligent Platform Management
392		174 = /dev/uctrl	SPARCbook 3 microcontroller
393		175 = /dev/agpgart	AGP Graphics Address Remapping Table
394		176 = /dev/gtrsc	Gorgy Timing radio clock
395		177 = /dev/cbm		Serial CBM bus
396		178 = /dev/jsflash	JavaStation OS flash SIMM
397		179 = /dev/xsvc		High-speed shared-mem/semaphore service
398		180 = /dev/vrbuttons	Vr41xx button input device
399		181 = /dev/toshiba	Toshiba laptop SMM support
400		182 = /dev/perfctr	Performance-monitoring counters
401		183 = /dev/hwrng	Generic random number generator
402		184 = /dev/cpu/microcode CPU microcode update interface
403		186 = /dev/atomicps	Atomic shapshot of process state data
404		187 = /dev/irnet	IrNET device
405		188 = /dev/smbusbios	SMBus BIOS
406		189 = /dev/ussp_ctl	User space serial port control
407		190 = /dev/crash	Mission Critical Linux crash dump facility
408		191 = /dev/pcl181	<information missing>
409		192 = /dev/nas_xbus	NAS xbus LCD/buttons access
410		193 = /dev/d7s		SPARC 7-segment display
411		194 = /dev/zkshim	Zero-Knowledge network shim control
412		195 = /dev/elographics/e2201	Elographics touchscreen E271-2201
413		198 = /dev/sexec	Signed executable interface
414		199 = /dev/scanners/cuecat :CueCat barcode scanner
415		200 = /dev/net/tun	TAP/TUN network device
416		201 = /dev/button/gulpb	Transmeta GULP-B buttons
417		202 = /dev/emd/ctl	Enhanced Metadisk RAID (EMD) control
418		204 = /dev/video/em8300		EM8300 DVD decoder control
419		205 = /dev/video/em8300_mv	EM8300 DVD decoder video
420		206 = /dev/video/em8300_ma	EM8300 DVD decoder audio
421		207 = /dev/video/em8300_sp	EM8300 DVD decoder subpicture
422		208 = /dev/compaq/cpqphpc	Compaq PCI Hot Plug Controller
423		209 = /dev/compaq/cpqrid	Compaq Remote Insight Driver
424		210 = /dev/impi/bt	IMPI coprocessor block transfer
425		211 = /dev/impi/smic	IMPI coprocessor stream interface
426		212 = /dev/watchdogs/0	First watchdog device
427		213 = /dev/watchdogs/1	Second watchdog device
428		214 = /dev/watchdogs/2	Third watchdog device
429		215 = /dev/watchdogs/3	Fourth watchdog device
430		216 = /dev/fujitsu/apanel	Fujitsu/Siemens application panel
431		217 = /dev/ni/natmotn		National Instruments Motion
432		218 = /dev/kchuid	Inter-process chuid control
433		219 = /dev/modems/mwave	MWave modem firmware upload
434		220 = /dev/mptctl	Message passing technology (MPT) control
435		221 = /dev/mvista/hssdsi	Montavista PICMG hot swap system driver
436		222 = /dev/mvista/hasi		Montavista PICMG high availability
437		223 = /dev/input/uinput		User level driver support for input
438		224 = /dev/tpm		TCPA TPM driver
439		225 = /dev/pps		Pulse Per Second driver
440		226 = /dev/systrace	Systrace device
441		227 = /dev/mcelog	X86_64 Machine Check Exception driver
442		228 = /dev/hpet		HPET driver
443		229 = /dev/fuse		Fuse (virtual filesystem in user-space)
444		230 = /dev/midishare	MidiShare driver
445		231 = /dev/snapshot	System memory snapshot device
446		232 = /dev/kvm		Kernel-based virtual machine (hardware virtualization extensions)
447		233 = /dev/kmview	View-OS A process with a view
448		234 = /dev/btrfs-control	Btrfs control device
449		235 = /dev/autofs	Autofs control device
450		236 = /dev/mapper/control	Device-Mapper control device
451		237 = /dev/loop-control Loopback control device
452		238 = /dev/vhost-net	Host kernel accelerator for virtio net
453
454		240-254			Reserved for local use
455		255			Reserved for MISC_DYNAMIC_MINOR
456
457 11 char	Raw keyboard device	(Linux/SPARC only)
458		  0 = /dev/kbd		Raw keyboard device
459
460 11 char	Serial Mux device	(Linux/PA-RISC only)
461		  0 = /dev/ttyB0	First mux port
462		  1 = /dev/ttyB1	Second mux port
463		    ...
464
465 11 block	SCSI CD-ROM devices
466		  0 = /dev/scd0		First SCSI CD-ROM
467		  1 = /dev/scd1		Second SCSI CD-ROM
468		    ...
469
470		The prefix /dev/sr (instead of /dev/scd) has been deprecated.
471
472 12 char	QIC-02 tape
473		  2 = /dev/ntpqic11	QIC-11, no rewind-on-close
474		  3 = /dev/tpqic11	QIC-11, rewind-on-close
475		  4 = /dev/ntpqic24	QIC-24, no rewind-on-close
476		  5 = /dev/tpqic24	QIC-24, rewind-on-close
477		  6 = /dev/ntpqic120	QIC-120, no rewind-on-close
478		  7 = /dev/tpqic120	QIC-120, rewind-on-close
479		  8 = /dev/ntpqic150	QIC-150, no rewind-on-close
480		  9 = /dev/tpqic150	QIC-150, rewind-on-close
481
482		The device names specified are proposed -- if there
483		are "standard" names for these devices, please let me know.
484
485 12 block
486
487 13 char	Input core
488		  0 = /dev/input/js0	First joystick
489		  1 = /dev/input/js1	Second joystick
490		    ...
491		 32 = /dev/input/mouse0	First mouse
492		 33 = /dev/input/mouse1	Second mouse
493		    ...
494		 63 = /dev/input/mice	Unified mouse
495		 64 = /dev/input/event0	First event queue
496		 65 = /dev/input/event1	Second event queue
497		    ...
498
499		Each device type has 5 bits (32 minors).
500
501 13 block	Previously used for the XT disk (/dev/xdN)
502		Deleted in kernel v3.9.
503
504 14 char	Open Sound System (OSS)
505		  0 = /dev/mixer	Mixer control
506		  1 = /dev/sequencer	Audio sequencer
507		  2 = /dev/midi00	First MIDI port
508		  3 = /dev/dsp		Digital audio
509		  4 = /dev/audio	Sun-compatible digital audio
510		  6 =
511		  7 = /dev/audioctl	SPARC audio control device
512		  8 = /dev/sequencer2	Sequencer -- alternate device
513		 16 = /dev/mixer1	Second soundcard mixer control
514		 17 = /dev/patmgr0	Sequencer patch manager
515		 18 = /dev/midi01	Second MIDI port
516		 19 = /dev/dsp1		Second soundcard digital audio
517		 20 = /dev/audio1	Second soundcard Sun digital audio
518		 33 = /dev/patmgr1	Sequencer patch manager
519		 34 = /dev/midi02	Third MIDI port
520		 50 = /dev/midi03	Fourth MIDI port
521
522 14 block
523
524 15 char	Joystick
525		  0 = /dev/js0		First analog joystick
526		  1 = /dev/js1		Second analog joystick
527		    ...
528		128 = /dev/djs0		First digital joystick
529		129 = /dev/djs1		Second digital joystick
530		    ...
531 15 block	Sony CDU-31A/CDU-33A CD-ROM
532		  0 = /dev/sonycd	Sony CDU-31a CD-ROM
533
534 16 char	Non-SCSI scanners
535		  0 = /dev/gs4500	Genius 4500 handheld scanner
536
537 16 block	GoldStar CD-ROM
538		  0 = /dev/gscd		GoldStar CD-ROM
539
540 17 char	OBSOLETE (was Chase serial card)
541		  0 = /dev/ttyH0	First Chase port
542		  1 = /dev/ttyH1	Second Chase port
543		    ...
544 17 block	Optics Storage CD-ROM
545		  0 = /dev/optcd	Optics Storage CD-ROM
546
547 18 char	OBSOLETE (was Chase serial card - alternate devices)
548		  0 = /dev/cuh0		Callout device for ttyH0
549		  1 = /dev/cuh1		Callout device for ttyH1
550		    ...
551 18 block	Sanyo CD-ROM
552		  0 = /dev/sjcd		Sanyo CD-ROM
553
554 19 char	Cyclades serial card
555		  0 = /dev/ttyC0	First Cyclades port
556		    ...
557		 31 = /dev/ttyC31	32nd Cyclades port
558
559 19 block	"Double" compressed disk
560		  0 = /dev/double0	First compressed disk
561		    ...
562		  7 = /dev/double7	Eighth compressed disk
563		128 = /dev/cdouble0	Mirror of first compressed disk
564		    ...
565		135 = /dev/cdouble7	Mirror of eighth compressed disk
566
567		See the Double documentation for the meaning of the
568		mirror devices.
569
570 20 char	Cyclades serial card - alternate devices
571		  0 = /dev/cub0		Callout device for ttyC0
572		    ...
573		 31 = /dev/cub31	Callout device for ttyC31
574
575 20 block	Hitachi CD-ROM (under development)
576		  0 = /dev/hitcd	Hitachi CD-ROM
577
578 21 char	Generic SCSI access
579		  0 = /dev/sg0		First generic SCSI device
580		  1 = /dev/sg1		Second generic SCSI device
581		    ...
582
583		Most distributions name these /dev/sga, /dev/sgb...;
584		this sets an unnecessary limit of 26 SCSI devices in
585		the system and is counter to standard Linux
586		device-naming practice.
587
588 21 block	Acorn MFM hard drive interface
589		  0 = /dev/mfma		First MFM drive whole disk
590		 64 = /dev/mfmb		Second MFM drive whole disk
591
592		This device is used on the ARM-based Acorn RiscPC.
593		Partitions are handled the same way as for IDE disks
594		(see major number 3).
595
596 22 char	Digiboard serial card
597		  0 = /dev/ttyD0	First Digiboard port
598		  1 = /dev/ttyD1	Second Digiboard port
599		    ...
600 22 block	Second IDE hard disk/CD-ROM interface
601		  0 = /dev/hdc		Master: whole disk (or CD-ROM)
602		 64 = /dev/hdd		Slave: whole disk (or CD-ROM)
603
604		Partitions are handled the same way as for the first
605		interface (see major number 3).
606
607 23 char	Digiboard serial card - alternate devices
608		  0 = /dev/cud0		Callout device for ttyD0
609		  1 = /dev/cud1		Callout device for ttyD1
610		      ...
611 23 block	Mitsumi proprietary CD-ROM
612		  0 = /dev/mcd		Mitsumi CD-ROM
613
614 24 char	Stallion serial card
615		  0 = /dev/ttyE0	Stallion port 0 card 0
616		  1 = /dev/ttyE1	Stallion port 1 card 0
617		    ...
618		 64 = /dev/ttyE64	Stallion port 0 card 1
619		 65 = /dev/ttyE65	Stallion port 1 card 1
620		      ...
621		128 = /dev/ttyE128	Stallion port 0 card 2
622		129 = /dev/ttyE129	Stallion port 1 card 2
623		    ...
624		192 = /dev/ttyE192	Stallion port 0 card 3
625		193 = /dev/ttyE193	Stallion port 1 card 3
626		    ...
627 24 block	Sony CDU-535 CD-ROM
628		  0 = /dev/cdu535	Sony CDU-535 CD-ROM
629
630 25 char	Stallion serial card - alternate devices
631		  0 = /dev/cue0		Callout device for ttyE0
632		  1 = /dev/cue1		Callout device for ttyE1
633		    ...
634		 64 = /dev/cue64	Callout device for ttyE64
635		 65 = /dev/cue65	Callout device for ttyE65
636		    ...
637		128 = /dev/cue128	Callout device for ttyE128
638		129 = /dev/cue129	Callout device for ttyE129
639		    ...
640		192 = /dev/cue192	Callout device for ttyE192
641		193 = /dev/cue193	Callout device for ttyE193
642		      ...
643 25 block	First Matsushita (Panasonic/SoundBlaster) CD-ROM
644		  0 = /dev/sbpcd0	Panasonic CD-ROM controller 0 unit 0
645		  1 = /dev/sbpcd1	Panasonic CD-ROM controller 0 unit 1
646		  2 = /dev/sbpcd2	Panasonic CD-ROM controller 0 unit 2
647		  3 = /dev/sbpcd3	Panasonic CD-ROM controller 0 unit 3
648
649 26 char
650
651 26 block	Second Matsushita (Panasonic/SoundBlaster) CD-ROM
652		  0 = /dev/sbpcd4	Panasonic CD-ROM controller 1 unit 0
653		  1 = /dev/sbpcd5	Panasonic CD-ROM controller 1 unit 1
654		  2 = /dev/sbpcd6	Panasonic CD-ROM controller 1 unit 2
655		  3 = /dev/sbpcd7	Panasonic CD-ROM controller 1 unit 3
656
657 27 char	QIC-117 tape
658		  0 = /dev/qft0		Unit 0, rewind-on-close
659		  1 = /dev/qft1		Unit 1, rewind-on-close
660		  2 = /dev/qft2		Unit 2, rewind-on-close
661		  3 = /dev/qft3		Unit 3, rewind-on-close
662		  4 = /dev/nqft0	Unit 0, no rewind-on-close
663		  5 = /dev/nqft1	Unit 1, no rewind-on-close
664		  6 = /dev/nqft2	Unit 2, no rewind-on-close
665		  7 = /dev/nqft3	Unit 3, no rewind-on-close
666		 16 = /dev/zqft0	Unit 0, rewind-on-close, compression
667		 17 = /dev/zqft1	Unit 1, rewind-on-close, compression
668		 18 = /dev/zqft2	Unit 2, rewind-on-close, compression
669		 19 = /dev/zqft3	Unit 3, rewind-on-close, compression
670		 20 = /dev/nzqft0	Unit 0, no rewind-on-close, compression
671		 21 = /dev/nzqft1	Unit 1, no rewind-on-close, compression
672		 22 = /dev/nzqft2	Unit 2, no rewind-on-close, compression
673		 23 = /dev/nzqft3	Unit 3, no rewind-on-close, compression
674		 32 = /dev/rawqft0	Unit 0, rewind-on-close, no file marks
675		 33 = /dev/rawqft1	Unit 1, rewind-on-close, no file marks
676		 34 = /dev/rawqft2	Unit 2, rewind-on-close, no file marks
677		 35 = /dev/rawqft3	Unit 3, rewind-on-close, no file marks
678		 36 = /dev/nrawqft0	Unit 0, no rewind-on-close, no file marks
679		 37 = /dev/nrawqft1	Unit 1, no rewind-on-close, no file marks
680		 38 = /dev/nrawqft2	Unit 2, no rewind-on-close, no file marks
681		 39 = /dev/nrawqft3	Unit 3, no rewind-on-close, no file marks
682
683 27 block	Third Matsushita (Panasonic/SoundBlaster) CD-ROM
684		  0 = /dev/sbpcd8	Panasonic CD-ROM controller 2 unit 0
685		  1 = /dev/sbpcd9	Panasonic CD-ROM controller 2 unit 1
686		  2 = /dev/sbpcd10	Panasonic CD-ROM controller 2 unit 2
687		  3 = /dev/sbpcd11	Panasonic CD-ROM controller 2 unit 3
688
689 28 char	Stallion serial card - card programming
690		  0 = /dev/staliomem0	First Stallion card I/O memory
691		  1 = /dev/staliomem1	Second Stallion card I/O memory
692		  2 = /dev/staliomem2	Third Stallion card I/O memory
693		  3 = /dev/staliomem3	Fourth Stallion card I/O memory
694
695 28 char	Atari SLM ACSI laser printer (68k/Atari)
696		  0 = /dev/slm0		First SLM laser printer
697		  1 = /dev/slm1		Second SLM laser printer
698		    ...
699 28 block	Fourth Matsushita (Panasonic/SoundBlaster) CD-ROM
700		  0 = /dev/sbpcd12	Panasonic CD-ROM controller 3 unit 0
701		  1 = /dev/sbpcd13	Panasonic CD-ROM controller 3 unit 1
702		  2 = /dev/sbpcd14	Panasonic CD-ROM controller 3 unit 2
703		  3 = /dev/sbpcd15	Panasonic CD-ROM controller 3 unit 3
704
705 28 block	ACSI disk (68k/Atari)
706		  0 = /dev/ada		First ACSI disk whole disk
707		 16 = /dev/adb		Second ACSI disk whole disk
708		 32 = /dev/adc		Third ACSI disk whole disk
709		    ...
710		240 = /dev/adp		16th ACSI disk whole disk
711
712		Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
713		disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
714		partitions is 15, like SCSI.
715
716 29 char	Universal frame buffer
717		  0 = /dev/fb0		First frame buffer
718		  1 = /dev/fb1		Second frame buffer
719		    ...
720		 31 = /dev/fb31		32nd frame buffer
721
722 29 block	Aztech/Orchid/Okano/Wearnes CD-ROM
723		  0 = /dev/aztcd	Aztech CD-ROM
724
725 30 char	iBCS-2 compatibility devices
726		  0 = /dev/socksys	Socket access
727		  1 = /dev/spx		SVR3 local X interface
728		 32 = /dev/inet/ip	Network access
729		 33 = /dev/inet/icmp
730		 34 = /dev/inet/ggp
731		 35 = /dev/inet/ipip
732		 36 = /dev/inet/tcp
733		 37 = /dev/inet/egp
734		 38 = /dev/inet/pup
735		 39 = /dev/inet/udp
736		 40 = /dev/inet/idp
737		 41 = /dev/inet/rawip
738
739		Additionally, iBCS-2 requires the following links:
740
741		/dev/ip -> /dev/inet/ip
742		/dev/icmp -> /dev/inet/icmp
743		/dev/ggp -> /dev/inet/ggp
744		/dev/ipip -> /dev/inet/ipip
745		/dev/tcp -> /dev/inet/tcp
746		/dev/egp -> /dev/inet/egp
747		/dev/pup -> /dev/inet/pup
748		/dev/udp -> /dev/inet/udp
749		/dev/idp -> /dev/inet/idp
750		/dev/rawip -> /dev/inet/rawip
751		/dev/inet/arp -> /dev/inet/udp
752		/dev/inet/rip -> /dev/inet/udp
753		/dev/nfsd -> /dev/socksys
754		/dev/X0R -> /dev/null (? apparently not required ?)
755
756 30 block	Philips LMS CM-205 CD-ROM
757		  0 = /dev/cm205cd	Philips LMS CM-205 CD-ROM
758
759		/dev/lmscd is an older name for this device.  This
760		driver does not work with the CM-205MS CD-ROM.
761
762 31 char	MPU-401 MIDI
763		  0 = /dev/mpu401data	MPU-401 data port
764		  1 = /dev/mpu401stat	MPU-401 status port
765
766 31 block	ROM/flash memory card
767		  0 = /dev/rom0		First ROM card (rw)
768		      ...
769		  7 = /dev/rom7		Eighth ROM card (rw)
770		  8 = /dev/rrom0	First ROM card (ro)
771		    ...
772		 15 = /dev/rrom7	Eighth ROM card (ro)
773		 16 = /dev/flash0	First flash memory card (rw)
774		    ...
775		 23 = /dev/flash7	Eighth flash memory card (rw)
776		 24 = /dev/rflash0	First flash memory card (ro)
777		    ...
778		 31 = /dev/rflash7	Eighth flash memory card (ro)
779
780		The read-write (rw) devices support back-caching
781		written data in RAM, as well as writing to flash RAM
782		devices.  The read-only devices (ro) support reading
783		only.
784
785 32 char	Specialix serial card
786		  0 = /dev/ttyX0	First Specialix port
787		  1 = /dev/ttyX1	Second Specialix port
788		    ...
789 32 block	Philips LMS CM-206 CD-ROM
790		  0 = /dev/cm206cd	Philips LMS CM-206 CD-ROM
791
792 33 char	Specialix serial card - alternate devices
793		  0 = /dev/cux0		Callout device for ttyX0
794		  1 = /dev/cux1		Callout device for ttyX1
795		    ...
796 33 block	Third IDE hard disk/CD-ROM interface
797		  0 = /dev/hde		Master: whole disk (or CD-ROM)
798		 64 = /dev/hdf		Slave: whole disk (or CD-ROM)
799
800		Partitions are handled the same way as for the first
801		interface (see major number 3).
802
803 34 char	Z8530 HDLC driver
804		  0 = /dev/scc0		First Z8530, first port
805		  1 = /dev/scc1		First Z8530, second port
806		  2 = /dev/scc2		Second Z8530, first port
807		  3 = /dev/scc3		Second Z8530, second port
808		    ...
809
810		In a previous version these devices were named
811		/dev/sc1 for /dev/scc0, /dev/sc2 for /dev/scc1, and so
812		on.
813
814 34 block	Fourth IDE hard disk/CD-ROM interface
815		  0 = /dev/hdg		Master: whole disk (or CD-ROM)
816		 64 = /dev/hdh		Slave: whole disk (or CD-ROM)
817
818		Partitions are handled the same way as for the first
819		interface (see major number 3).
820
821 35 char	tclmidi MIDI driver
822		  0 = /dev/midi0	First MIDI port, kernel timed
823		  1 = /dev/midi1	Second MIDI port, kernel timed
824		  2 = /dev/midi2	Third MIDI port, kernel timed
825		  3 = /dev/midi3	Fourth MIDI port, kernel timed
826		 64 = /dev/rmidi0	First MIDI port, untimed
827		 65 = /dev/rmidi1	Second MIDI port, untimed
828		 66 = /dev/rmidi2	Third MIDI port, untimed
829		 67 = /dev/rmidi3	Fourth MIDI port, untimed
830		128 = /dev/smpte0	First MIDI port, SMPTE timed
831		129 = /dev/smpte1	Second MIDI port, SMPTE timed
832		130 = /dev/smpte2	Third MIDI port, SMPTE timed
833		131 = /dev/smpte3	Fourth MIDI port, SMPTE timed
834
835 35 block	Slow memory ramdisk
836		  0 = /dev/slram	Slow memory ramdisk
837
838 36 char	Netlink support
839		  0 = /dev/route	Routing, device updates, kernel to user
840		  1 = /dev/skip		enSKIP security cache control
841		  3 = /dev/fwmonitor	Firewall packet copies
842		 16 = /dev/tap0		First Ethertap device
843		    ...
844		 31 = /dev/tap15	16th Ethertap device
845
846 36 block	OBSOLETE (was MCA ESDI hard disk)
847
848 37 char	IDE tape
849		  0 = /dev/ht0		First IDE tape
850		  1 = /dev/ht1		Second IDE tape
851		    ...
852		128 = /dev/nht0		First IDE tape, no rewind-on-close
853		129 = /dev/nht1		Second IDE tape, no rewind-on-close
854		    ...
855
856		Currently, only one IDE tape drive is supported.
857
858 37 block	Zorro II ramdisk
859		  0 = /dev/z2ram	Zorro II ramdisk
860
861 38 char	Myricom PCI Myrinet board
862		  0 = /dev/mlanai0	First Myrinet board
863		  1 = /dev/mlanai1	Second Myrinet board
864		    ...
865
866		This device is used for status query, board control
867		and "user level packet I/O."  This board is also
868		accessible as a standard networking "eth" device.
869
870 38 block	OBSOLETE (was Linux/AP+)
871
872 39 char	ML-16P experimental I/O board
873		  0 = /dev/ml16pa-a0	First card, first analog channel
874		  1 = /dev/ml16pa-a1	First card, second analog channel
875		    ...
876		 15 = /dev/ml16pa-a15	First card, 16th analog channel
877		 16 = /dev/ml16pa-d	First card, digital lines
878		 17 = /dev/ml16pa-c0	First card, first counter/timer
879		 18 = /dev/ml16pa-c1	First card, second counter/timer
880		 19 = /dev/ml16pa-c2	First card, third counter/timer
881		 32 = /dev/ml16pb-a0	Second card, first analog channel
882		 33 = /dev/ml16pb-a1	Second card, second analog channel
883		    ...
884		 47 = /dev/ml16pb-a15	Second card, 16th analog channel
885		 48 = /dev/ml16pb-d	Second card, digital lines
886		 49 = /dev/ml16pb-c0	Second card, first counter/timer
887		 50 = /dev/ml16pb-c1	Second card, second counter/timer
888		 51 = /dev/ml16pb-c2	Second card, third counter/timer
889		      ...
890 39 block
891
892 40 char
893
894 40 block
895
896 41 char	Yet Another Micro Monitor
897		  0 = /dev/yamm		Yet Another Micro Monitor
898
899 41 block
900
901 42 char	Demo/sample use
902
903 42 block	Demo/sample use
904
905		This number is intended for use in sample code, as
906		well as a general "example" device number.  It
907		should never be used for a device driver that is being
908		distributed; either obtain an official number or use
909		the local/experimental range.  The sudden addition or
910		removal of a driver with this number should not cause
911		ill effects to the system (bugs excepted.)
912
913		IN PARTICULAR, ANY DISTRIBUTION WHICH CONTAINS A
914		DEVICE DRIVER USING MAJOR NUMBER 42 IS NONCOMPLIANT.
915
916 43 char	isdn4linux virtual modem
917		  0 = /dev/ttyI0	First virtual modem
918		    ...
919		 63 = /dev/ttyI63	64th virtual modem
920
921 43 block	Network block devices
922		  0 = /dev/nb0		First network block device
923		  1 = /dev/nb1		Second network block device
924		    ...
925
926		Network Block Device is somehow similar to loopback
927		devices: If you read from it, it sends packet across
928		network asking server for data. If you write to it, it
929		sends packet telling server to write. It could be used
930		to mounting filesystems over the net, swapping over
931		the net, implementing block device in userland etc.
932
933 44 char	isdn4linux virtual modem - alternate devices
934		  0 = /dev/cui0		Callout device for ttyI0
935		    ...
936		 63 = /dev/cui63	Callout device for ttyI63
937
938 44 block	Flash Translation Layer (FTL) filesystems
939		  0 = /dev/ftla		FTL on first Memory Technology Device
940		 16 = /dev/ftlb		FTL on second Memory Technology Device
941		 32 = /dev/ftlc		FTL on third Memory Technology Device
942		    ...
943		240 = /dev/ftlp		FTL on 16th Memory Technology Device
944
945		Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
946		disks (see major number 3) except that the partition
947		limit is 15 rather than 63 per disk (same as SCSI.)
948
949 45 char	isdn4linux ISDN BRI driver
950		  0 = /dev/isdn0	First virtual B channel raw data
951		    ...
952		 63 = /dev/isdn63	64th virtual B channel raw data
953		 64 = /dev/isdnctrl0	First channel control/debug
954		    ...
955		127 = /dev/isdnctrl63	64th channel control/debug
956
957		128 = /dev/ippp0	First SyncPPP device
958		    ...
959		191 = /dev/ippp63	64th SyncPPP device
960
961		255 = /dev/isdninfo	ISDN monitor interface
962
963 45 block	Parallel port IDE disk devices
964		  0 = /dev/pda		First parallel port IDE disk
965		 16 = /dev/pdb		Second parallel port IDE disk
966		 32 = /dev/pdc		Third parallel port IDE disk
967		 48 = /dev/pdd		Fourth parallel port IDE disk
968
969		Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
970		disks (see major number 3) except that the partition
971		limit is 15 rather than 63 per disk.
972
973 46 char	Comtrol Rocketport serial card
974		  0 = /dev/ttyR0	First Rocketport port
975		  1 = /dev/ttyR1	Second Rocketport port
976		    ...
977 46 block	Parallel port ATAPI CD-ROM devices
978		  0 = /dev/pcd0		First parallel port ATAPI CD-ROM
979		  1 = /dev/pcd1		Second parallel port ATAPI CD-ROM
980		  2 = /dev/pcd2		Third parallel port ATAPI CD-ROM
981		  3 = /dev/pcd3		Fourth parallel port ATAPI CD-ROM
982
983 47 char	Comtrol Rocketport serial card - alternate devices
984		  0 = /dev/cur0		Callout device for ttyR0
985		  1 = /dev/cur1		Callout device for ttyR1
986		    ...
987 47 block	Parallel port ATAPI disk devices
988		  0 = /dev/pf0		First parallel port ATAPI disk
989		  1 = /dev/pf1		Second parallel port ATAPI disk
990		  2 = /dev/pf2		Third parallel port ATAPI disk
991		  3 = /dev/pf3		Fourth parallel port ATAPI disk
992
993		This driver is intended for floppy disks and similar
994		devices and hence does not support partitioning.
995
996 48 char	SDL RISCom serial card
997		  0 = /dev/ttyL0	First RISCom port
998		  1 = /dev/ttyL1	Second RISCom port
999		    ...
1000 48 block	Mylex DAC960 PCI RAID controller; first controller
1001		  0 = /dev/rd/c0d0	First disk, whole disk
1002		  8 = /dev/rd/c0d1	Second disk, whole disk
1003		    ...
1004		248 = /dev/rd/c0d31	32nd disk, whole disk
1005
1006		For partitions add:
1007		  0 = /dev/rd/c?d?	Whole disk
1008		  1 = /dev/rd/c?d?p1	First partition
1009		    ...
1010		  7 = /dev/rd/c?d?p7	Seventh partition
1011
1012 49 char	SDL RISCom serial card - alternate devices
1013		  0 = /dev/cul0		Callout device for ttyL0
1014		  1 = /dev/cul1		Callout device for ttyL1
1015		    ...
1016 49 block	Mylex DAC960 PCI RAID controller; second controller
1017		  0 = /dev/rd/c1d0	First disk, whole disk
1018		  8 = /dev/rd/c1d1	Second disk, whole disk
1019		    ...
1020		248 = /dev/rd/c1d31	32nd disk, whole disk
1021
1022		Partitions are handled as for major 48.
1023
1024 50 char	Reserved for GLINT
1025
1026 50 block	Mylex DAC960 PCI RAID controller; third controller
1027		  0 = /dev/rd/c2d0	First disk, whole disk
1028		  8 = /dev/rd/c2d1	Second disk, whole disk
1029		    ...
1030		248 = /dev/rd/c2d31	32nd disk, whole disk
1031
1032 51 char	Baycom radio modem OR Radio Tech BIM-XXX-RS232 radio modem
1033		  0 = /dev/bc0		First Baycom radio modem
1034		  1 = /dev/bc1		Second Baycom radio modem
1035		    ...
1036 51 block	Mylex DAC960 PCI RAID controller; fourth controller
1037		  0 = /dev/rd/c3d0	First disk, whole disk
1038		  8 = /dev/rd/c3d1	Second disk, whole disk
1039		    ...
1040		248 = /dev/rd/c3d31	32nd disk, whole disk
1041
1042		Partitions are handled as for major 48.
1043
1044 52 char	Spellcaster DataComm/BRI ISDN card
1045		  0 = /dev/dcbri0	First DataComm card
1046		  1 = /dev/dcbri1	Second DataComm card
1047		  2 = /dev/dcbri2	Third DataComm card
1048		  3 = /dev/dcbri3	Fourth DataComm card
1049
1050 52 block	Mylex DAC960 PCI RAID controller; fifth controller
1051		  0 = /dev/rd/c4d0	First disk, whole disk
1052		  8 = /dev/rd/c4d1	Second disk, whole disk
1053		    ...
1054		248 = /dev/rd/c4d31	32nd disk, whole disk
1055
1056		Partitions are handled as for major 48.
1057
1058 53 char	BDM interface for remote debugging MC683xx microcontrollers
1059		  0 = /dev/pd_bdm0	PD BDM interface on lp0
1060		  1 = /dev/pd_bdm1	PD BDM interface on lp1
1061		  2 = /dev/pd_bdm2	PD BDM interface on lp2
1062		  4 = /dev/icd_bdm0	ICD BDM interface on lp0
1063		  5 = /dev/icd_bdm1	ICD BDM interface on lp1
1064		  6 = /dev/icd_bdm2	ICD BDM interface on lp2
1065
1066		This device is used for the interfacing to the MC683xx
1067		microcontrollers via Background Debug Mode by use of a
1068		Parallel Port interface. PD is the Motorola Public
1069		Domain Interface and ICD is the commercial interface
1070		by P&E.
1071
1072 53 block	Mylex DAC960 PCI RAID controller; sixth controller
1073		  0 = /dev/rd/c5d0	First disk, whole disk
1074		  8 = /dev/rd/c5d1	Second disk, whole disk
1075		    ...
1076		248 = /dev/rd/c5d31	32nd disk, whole disk
1077
1078		Partitions are handled as for major 48.
1079
1080 54 char	Electrocardiognosis Holter serial card
1081		  0 = /dev/holter0	First Holter port
1082		  1 = /dev/holter1	Second Holter port
1083		  2 = /dev/holter2	Third Holter port
1084
1085		A custom serial card used by Electrocardiognosis SRL
1086		<mseritan@ottonel.pub.ro> to transfer data from Holter
1087		24-hour heart monitoring equipment.
1088
1089 54 block	Mylex DAC960 PCI RAID controller; seventh controller
1090		  0 = /dev/rd/c6d0	First disk, whole disk
1091		  8 = /dev/rd/c6d1	Second disk, whole disk
1092		    ...
1093		248 = /dev/rd/c6d31	32nd disk, whole disk
1094
1095		Partitions are handled as for major 48.
1096
1097 55 char	DSP56001 digital signal processor
1098		  0 = /dev/dsp56k	First DSP56001
1099
1100 55 block	Mylex DAC960 PCI RAID controller; eighth controller
1101		  0 = /dev/rd/c7d0	First disk, whole disk
1102		  8 = /dev/rd/c7d1	Second disk, whole disk
1103		    ...
1104		248 = /dev/rd/c7d31	32nd disk, whole disk
1105
1106		Partitions are handled as for major 48.
1107
1108 56 char	Apple Desktop Bus
1109		  0 = /dev/adb		ADB bus control
1110
1111		Additional devices will be added to this number, all
1112		starting with /dev/adb.
1113
1114 56 block	Fifth IDE hard disk/CD-ROM interface
1115		  0 = /dev/hdi		Master: whole disk (or CD-ROM)
1116		 64 = /dev/hdj		Slave: whole disk (or CD-ROM)
1117
1118		Partitions are handled the same way as for the first
1119		interface (see major number 3).
1120
1121 57 char	Hayes ESP serial card
1122		  0 = /dev/ttyP0	First ESP port
1123		  1 = /dev/ttyP1	Second ESP port
1124		    ...
1125
1126 57 block	Sixth IDE hard disk/CD-ROM interface
1127		  0 = /dev/hdk		Master: whole disk (or CD-ROM)
1128		 64 = /dev/hdl		Slave: whole disk (or CD-ROM)
1129
1130		Partitions are handled the same way as for the first
1131		interface (see major number 3).
1132
1133 58 char	Hayes ESP serial card - alternate devices
1134		  0 = /dev/cup0		Callout device for ttyP0
1135		  1 = /dev/cup1		Callout device for ttyP1
1136		    ...
1137
1138 58 block	Reserved for logical volume manager
1139
1140 59 char	sf firewall package
1141		  0 = /dev/firewall	Communication with sf kernel module
1142
1143 59 block	Generic PDA filesystem device
1144		  0 = /dev/pda0		First PDA device
1145		  1 = /dev/pda1		Second PDA device
1146		    ...
1147
1148		The pda devices are used to mount filesystems on
1149		remote pda's (basically slow handheld machines with
1150		proprietary OS's and limited memory and storage
1151		running small fs translation drivers) through serial /
1152		IRDA / parallel links.
1153
1154		NAMING CONFLICT -- PROPOSED REVISED NAME /dev/rpda0 etc
1155
1156 60-63 char	LOCAL/EXPERIMENTAL USE
1157
1158 60-63 block	LOCAL/EXPERIMENTAL USE
1159		Allocated for local/experimental use.  For devices not
1160		assigned official numbers, these ranges should be
1161		used in order to avoid conflicting with future assignments.
1162
1163 64 char	ENskip kernel encryption package
1164		  0 = /dev/enskip	Communication with ENskip kernel module
1165
1166 64 block	Scramdisk/DriveCrypt encrypted devices
1167		  0 = /dev/scramdisk/master    Master node for ioctls
1168		  1 = /dev/scramdisk/1         First encrypted device
1169		  2 = /dev/scramdisk/2         Second encrypted device
1170		  ...
1171		255 = /dev/scramdisk/255       255th encrypted device
1172
1173		The filename of the encrypted container and the passwords
1174		are sent via ioctls (using the sdmount tool) to the master
1175		node which then activates them via one of the
1176		/dev/scramdisk/x nodes for loop mounting (all handled
1177		through the sdmount tool).
1178
1179		Requested by: andy@scramdisklinux.org
1180
1181 65 char	Sundance "plink" Transputer boards (obsolete, unused)
1182		  0 = /dev/plink0	First plink device
1183		  1 = /dev/plink1	Second plink device
1184		  2 = /dev/plink2	Third plink device
1185		  3 = /dev/plink3	Fourth plink device
1186		 64 = /dev/rplink0	First plink device, raw
1187		 65 = /dev/rplink1	Second plink device, raw
1188		 66 = /dev/rplink2	Third plink device, raw
1189		 67 = /dev/rplink3	Fourth plink device, raw
1190		128 = /dev/plink0d	First plink device, debug
1191		129 = /dev/plink1d	Second plink device, debug
1192		130 = /dev/plink2d	Third plink device, debug
1193		131 = /dev/plink3d	Fourth plink device, debug
1194		192 = /dev/rplink0d	First plink device, raw, debug
1195		193 = /dev/rplink1d	Second plink device, raw, debug
1196		194 = /dev/rplink2d	Third plink device, raw, debug
1197		195 = /dev/rplink3d	Fourth plink device, raw, debug
1198
1199		This is a commercial driver; contact James Howes
1200		<jth@prosig.demon.co.uk> for information.
1201
1202 65 block	SCSI disk devices (16-31)
1203		  0 = /dev/sdq		17th SCSI disk whole disk
1204		 16 = /dev/sdr		18th SCSI disk whole disk
1205		 32 = /dev/sds		19th SCSI disk whole disk
1206		    ...
1207		240 = /dev/sdaf		32nd SCSI disk whole disk
1208
1209		Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
1210		disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
1211		partitions is 15.
1212
1213 66 char	YARC PowerPC PCI coprocessor card
1214		  0 = /dev/yppcpci0	First YARC card
1215		  1 = /dev/yppcpci1	Second YARC card
1216		    ...
1217
1218 66 block	SCSI disk devices (32-47)
1219		  0 = /dev/sdag		33th SCSI disk whole disk
1220		 16 = /dev/sdah		34th SCSI disk whole disk
1221		 32 = /dev/sdai		35th SCSI disk whole disk
1222		    ...
1223		240 = /dev/sdav		48nd SCSI disk whole disk
1224
1225		Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
1226		disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
1227		partitions is 15.
1228
1229 67 char	Coda network file system
1230		  0 = /dev/cfs0		Coda cache manager
1231
1232		See http://www.coda.cs.cmu.edu for information about Coda.
1233
1234 67 block	SCSI disk devices (48-63)
1235		  0 = /dev/sdaw		49th SCSI disk whole disk
1236		 16 = /dev/sdax		50th SCSI disk whole disk
1237		 32 = /dev/sday		51st SCSI disk whole disk
1238		    ...
1239		240 = /dev/sdbl		64th SCSI disk whole disk
1240
1241		Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
1242		disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
1243		partitions is 15.
1244
1245 68 char	CAPI 2.0 interface
1246		  0 = /dev/capi20	Control device
1247		  1 = /dev/capi20.00	First CAPI 2.0 application
1248		  2 = /dev/capi20.01	Second CAPI 2.0 application
1249		    ...
1250		 20 = /dev/capi20.19	19th CAPI 2.0 application
1251
1252		ISDN CAPI 2.0 driver for use with CAPI 2.0
1253		applications; currently supports the AVM B1 card.
1254
1255 68 block	SCSI disk devices (64-79)
1256		  0 = /dev/sdbm		65th SCSI disk whole disk
1257		 16 = /dev/sdbn		66th SCSI disk whole disk
1258		 32 = /dev/sdbo		67th SCSI disk whole disk
1259		    ...
1260		240 = /dev/sdcb		80th SCSI disk whole disk
1261
1262		Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
1263		disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
1264		partitions is 15.
1265
1266 69 char	MA16 numeric accelerator card
1267		  0 = /dev/ma16		Board memory access
1268
1269 69 block	SCSI disk devices (80-95)
1270		  0 = /dev/sdcc		81st SCSI disk whole disk
1271		 16 = /dev/sdcd		82nd SCSI disk whole disk
1272		 32 = /dev/sdce		83th SCSI disk whole disk
1273		    ...
1274		240 = /dev/sdcr		96th SCSI disk whole disk
1275
1276		Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
1277		disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
1278		partitions is 15.
1279
1280 70 char	SpellCaster Protocol Services Interface
1281		  0 = /dev/apscfg	Configuration interface
1282		  1 = /dev/apsauth	Authentication interface
1283		  2 = /dev/apslog	Logging interface
1284		  3 = /dev/apsdbg	Debugging interface
1285		 64 = /dev/apsisdn	ISDN command interface
1286		 65 = /dev/apsasync	Async command interface
1287		128 = /dev/apsmon	Monitor interface
1288
1289 70 block	SCSI disk devices (96-111)
1290		  0 = /dev/sdcs		97th SCSI disk whole disk
1291		 16 = /dev/sdct		98th SCSI disk whole disk
1292		 32 = /dev/sdcu		99th SCSI disk whole disk
1293		    ...
1294		240 = /dev/sddh		112nd SCSI disk whole disk
1295
1296		Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
1297		disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
1298		partitions is 15.
1299
1300 71 char	Computone IntelliPort II serial card
1301		  0 = /dev/ttyF0	IntelliPort II board 0, port 0
1302		  1 = /dev/ttyF1	IntelliPort II board 0, port 1
1303		    ...
1304		 63 = /dev/ttyF63	IntelliPort II board 0, port 63
1305		 64 = /dev/ttyF64	IntelliPort II board 1, port 0
1306		 65 = /dev/ttyF65	IntelliPort II board 1, port 1
1307		    ...
1308		127 = /dev/ttyF127	IntelliPort II board 1, port 63
1309		128 = /dev/ttyF128	IntelliPort II board 2, port 0
1310		129 = /dev/ttyF129	IntelliPort II board 2, port 1
1311		    ...
1312		191 = /dev/ttyF191	IntelliPort II board 2, port 63
1313		192 = /dev/ttyF192	IntelliPort II board 3, port 0
1314		193 = /dev/ttyF193	IntelliPort II board 3, port 1
1315		    ...
1316		255 = /dev/ttyF255	IntelliPort II board 3, port 63
1317
1318 71 block	SCSI disk devices (112-127)
1319		  0 = /dev/sddi		113th SCSI disk whole disk
1320		 16 = /dev/sddj		114th SCSI disk whole disk
1321		 32 = /dev/sddk		115th SCSI disk whole disk
1322		    ...
1323		240 = /dev/sddx		128th SCSI disk whole disk
1324
1325		Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
1326		disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
1327		partitions is 15.
1328
1329 72 char	Computone IntelliPort II serial card - alternate devices
1330		  0 = /dev/cuf0		Callout device for ttyF0
1331		  1 = /dev/cuf1		Callout device for ttyF1
1332		    ...
1333		 63 = /dev/cuf63	Callout device for ttyF63
1334		 64 = /dev/cuf64	Callout device for ttyF64
1335		 65 = /dev/cuf65	Callout device for ttyF65
1336		    ...
1337		127 = /dev/cuf127	Callout device for ttyF127
1338		128 = /dev/cuf128	Callout device for ttyF128
1339		129 = /dev/cuf129	Callout device for ttyF129
1340		    ...
1341		191 = /dev/cuf191	Callout device for ttyF191
1342		192 = /dev/cuf192	Callout device for ttyF192
1343		193 = /dev/cuf193	Callout device for ttyF193
1344		    ...
1345		255 = /dev/cuf255	Callout device for ttyF255
1346
1347 72 block	Compaq Intelligent Drive Array, first controller
1348		  0 = /dev/ida/c0d0	First logical drive whole disk
1349		 16 = /dev/ida/c0d1	Second logical drive whole disk
1350		    ...
1351		240 = /dev/ida/c0d15	16th logical drive whole disk
1352
1353		Partitions are handled the same way as for Mylex
1354		DAC960 (see major number 48) except that the limit on
1355		partitions is 15.
1356
1357 73 char	Computone IntelliPort II serial card - control devices
1358		  0 = /dev/ip2ipl0	Loadware device for board 0
1359		  1 = /dev/ip2stat0	Status device for board 0
1360		  4 = /dev/ip2ipl1	Loadware device for board 1
1361		  5 = /dev/ip2stat1	Status device for board 1
1362		  8 = /dev/ip2ipl2	Loadware device for board 2
1363		  9 = /dev/ip2stat2	Status device for board 2
1364		 12 = /dev/ip2ipl3	Loadware device for board 3
1365		 13 = /dev/ip2stat3	Status device for board 3
1366
1367 73 block	Compaq Intelligent Drive Array, second controller
1368		  0 = /dev/ida/c1d0	First logical drive whole disk
1369		 16 = /dev/ida/c1d1	Second logical drive whole disk
1370		    ...
1371		240 = /dev/ida/c1d15	16th logical drive whole disk
1372
1373		Partitions are handled the same way as for Mylex
1374		DAC960 (see major number 48) except that the limit on
1375		partitions is 15.
1376
1377 74 char	SCI bridge
1378		  0 = /dev/SCI/0	SCI device 0
1379		  1 = /dev/SCI/1	SCI device 1
1380		    ...
1381
1382		Currently for Dolphin Interconnect Solutions' PCI-SCI
1383		bridge.
1384
1385 74 block	Compaq Intelligent Drive Array, third controller
1386		  0 = /dev/ida/c2d0	First logical drive whole disk
1387		 16 = /dev/ida/c2d1	Second logical drive whole disk
1388		    ...
1389		240 = /dev/ida/c2d15	16th logical drive whole disk
1390
1391		Partitions are handled the same way as for Mylex
1392		DAC960 (see major number 48) except that the limit on
1393		partitions is 15.
1394
1395 75 char	Specialix IO8+ serial card
1396		  0 = /dev/ttyW0	First IO8+ port, first card
1397		  1 = /dev/ttyW1	Second IO8+ port, first card
1398		    ...
1399		  8 = /dev/ttyW8	First IO8+ port, second card
1400		    ...
1401
1402 75 block	Compaq Intelligent Drive Array, fourth controller
1403		  0 = /dev/ida/c3d0	First logical drive whole disk
1404		 16 = /dev/ida/c3d1	Second logical drive whole disk
1405		    ...
1406		240 = /dev/ida/c3d15	16th logical drive whole disk
1407
1408		Partitions are handled the same way as for Mylex
1409		DAC960 (see major number 48) except that the limit on
1410		partitions is 15.
1411
1412 76 char	Specialix IO8+ serial card - alternate devices
1413		  0 = /dev/cuw0		Callout device for ttyW0
1414		  1 = /dev/cuw1		Callout device for ttyW1
1415		    ...
1416		  8 = /dev/cuw8		Callout device for ttyW8
1417		    ...
1418
1419 76 block	Compaq Intelligent Drive Array, fifth controller
1420		  0 = /dev/ida/c4d0	First logical drive whole disk
1421		 16 = /dev/ida/c4d1	Second logical drive whole disk
1422		    ...
1423		240 = /dev/ida/c4d15	16th logical drive whole disk
1424
1425		Partitions are handled the same way as for Mylex
1426		DAC960 (see major number 48) except that the limit on
1427		partitions is 15.
1428
1429
1430 77 char	ComScire Quantum Noise Generator
1431		  0 = /dev/qng		ComScire Quantum Noise Generator
1432
1433 77 block	Compaq Intelligent Drive Array, sixth controller
1434		  0 = /dev/ida/c5d0	First logical drive whole disk
1435		 16 = /dev/ida/c5d1	Second logical drive whole disk
1436		    ...
1437		240 = /dev/ida/c5d15	16th logical drive whole disk
1438
1439		Partitions are handled the same way as for Mylex
1440		DAC960 (see major number 48) except that the limit on
1441		partitions is 15.
1442
1443 78 char	PAM Software's multimodem boards
1444		  0 = /dev/ttyM0	First PAM modem
1445		  1 = /dev/ttyM1	Second PAM modem
1446		    ...
1447
1448 78 block	Compaq Intelligent Drive Array, seventh controller
1449		  0 = /dev/ida/c6d0	First logical drive whole disk
1450		 16 = /dev/ida/c6d1	Second logical drive whole disk
1451		    ...
1452		240 = /dev/ida/c6d15	16th logical drive whole disk
1453
1454		Partitions are handled the same way as for Mylex
1455		DAC960 (see major number 48) except that the limit on
1456		partitions is 15.
1457
1458 79 char	PAM Software's multimodem boards - alternate devices
1459		  0 = /dev/cum0		Callout device for ttyM0
1460		  1 = /dev/cum1		Callout device for ttyM1
1461		    ...
1462
1463 79 block	Compaq Intelligent Drive Array, eighth controller
1464		  0 = /dev/ida/c7d0	First logical drive whole disk
1465		 16 = /dev/ida/c7d1	Second logical drive whole disk
1466		    ...
1467		240 = /dev/ida/c715	16th logical drive whole disk
1468
1469		Partitions are handled the same way as for Mylex
1470		DAC960 (see major number 48) except that the limit on
1471		partitions is 15.
1472
1473 80 char	Photometrics AT200 CCD camera
1474		  0 = /dev/at200	Photometrics AT200 CCD camera
1475
1476 80 block	I2O hard disk
1477		  0 = /dev/i2o/hda	First I2O hard disk, whole disk
1478		 16 = /dev/i2o/hdb	Second I2O hard disk, whole disk
1479		    ...
1480		240 = /dev/i2o/hdp	16th I2O hard disk, whole disk
1481
1482		Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
1483		disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
1484		partitions is 15.
1485
1486 81 char	video4linux
1487		  0 = /dev/video0	Video capture/overlay device
1488		    ...
1489		 63 = /dev/video63	Video capture/overlay device
1490		 64 = /dev/radio0	Radio device
1491		    ...
1492		127 = /dev/radio63	Radio device
1493		224 = /dev/vbi0		Vertical blank interrupt
1494		    ...
1495		255 = /dev/vbi31	Vertical blank interrupt
1496
1497 81 block	I2O hard disk
1498		  0 = /dev/i2o/hdq	17th I2O hard disk, whole disk
1499		 16 = /dev/i2o/hdr	18th I2O hard disk, whole disk
1500		    ...
1501		240 = /dev/i2o/hdaf	32nd I2O hard disk, whole disk
1502
1503		Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
1504		disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
1505		partitions is 15.
1506
1507 82 char	WiNRADiO communications receiver card
1508		  0 = /dev/winradio0	First WiNRADiO card
1509		  1 = /dev/winradio1	Second WiNRADiO card
1510		    ...
1511
1512		The driver and documentation may be obtained from
1513		http://www.winradio.com/
1514
1515 82 block	I2O hard disk
1516		  0 = /dev/i2o/hdag	33rd I2O hard disk, whole disk
1517		 16 = /dev/i2o/hdah	34th I2O hard disk, whole disk
1518		    ...
1519		240 = /dev/i2o/hdav	48th I2O hard disk, whole disk
1520
1521		Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
1522		disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
1523		partitions is 15.
1524
1525 83 char	Matrox mga_vid video driver
1526 		 0 = /dev/mga_vid0	1st video card
1527		 1 = /dev/mga_vid1	2nd video card
1528		 2 = /dev/mga_vid2	3rd video card
1529		  ...
1530	        15 = /dev/mga_vid15	16th video card
1531
1532 83 block	I2O hard disk
1533		  0 = /dev/i2o/hdaw	49th I2O hard disk, whole disk
1534		 16 = /dev/i2o/hdax	50th I2O hard disk, whole disk
1535		    ...
1536		240 = /dev/i2o/hdbl	64th I2O hard disk, whole disk
1537
1538		Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
1539		disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
1540		partitions is 15.
1541
1542 84 char	Ikon 1011[57] Versatec Greensheet Interface
1543		  0 = /dev/ihcp0	First Greensheet port
1544		  1 = /dev/ihcp1	Second Greensheet port
1545
1546 84 block	I2O hard disk
1547		  0 = /dev/i2o/hdbm	65th I2O hard disk, whole disk
1548		 16 = /dev/i2o/hdbn	66th I2O hard disk, whole disk
1549		    ...
1550		240 = /dev/i2o/hdcb	80th I2O hard disk, whole disk
1551
1552		Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
1553		disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
1554		partitions is 15.
1555
1556 85 char	Linux/SGI shared memory input queue
1557		  0 = /dev/shmiq	Master shared input queue
1558		  1 = /dev/qcntl0	First device pushed
1559		  2 = /dev/qcntl1	Second device pushed
1560		    ...
1561
1562 85 block	I2O hard disk
1563		  0 = /dev/i2o/hdcc	81st I2O hard disk, whole disk
1564		 16 = /dev/i2o/hdcd	82nd I2O hard disk, whole disk
1565		    ...
1566		240 = /dev/i2o/hdcr	96th I2O hard disk, whole disk
1567
1568		Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
1569		disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
1570		partitions is 15.
1571
1572 86 char	SCSI media changer
1573		  0 = /dev/sch0		First SCSI media changer
1574		  1 = /dev/sch1		Second SCSI media changer
1575		    ...
1576
1577 86 block	I2O hard disk
1578		  0 = /dev/i2o/hdcs	97th I2O hard disk, whole disk
1579		 16 = /dev/i2o/hdct	98th I2O hard disk, whole disk
1580		    ...
1581		240 = /dev/i2o/hddh	112th I2O hard disk, whole disk
1582
1583		Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
1584		disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
1585		partitions is 15.
1586
1587 87 char	Sony Control-A1 stereo control bus
1588		  0 = /dev/controla0	First device on chain
1589		  1 = /dev/controla1	Second device on chain
1590		    ...
1591
1592 87 block	I2O hard disk
1593		  0 = /dev/i2o/hddi	113rd I2O hard disk, whole disk
1594		 16 = /dev/i2o/hddj	114th I2O hard disk, whole disk
1595		    ...
1596		240 = /dev/i2o/hddx	128th I2O hard disk, whole disk
1597
1598		Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
1599		disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
1600		partitions is 15.
1601
1602 88 char	COMX synchronous serial card
1603		  0 = /dev/comx0	COMX channel 0
1604		  1 = /dev/comx1	COMX channel 1
1605		    ...
1606
1607 88 block	Seventh IDE hard disk/CD-ROM interface
1608		  0 = /dev/hdm		Master: whole disk (or CD-ROM)
1609		 64 = /dev/hdn		Slave: whole disk (or CD-ROM)
1610
1611		Partitions are handled the same way as for the first
1612		interface (see major number 3).
1613
1614 89 char	I2C bus interface
1615		  0 = /dev/i2c-0	First I2C adapter
1616		  1 = /dev/i2c-1	Second I2C adapter
1617		    ...
1618
1619 89 block	Eighth IDE hard disk/CD-ROM interface
1620		  0 = /dev/hdo		Master: whole disk (or CD-ROM)
1621		 64 = /dev/hdp		Slave: whole disk (or CD-ROM)
1622
1623		Partitions are handled the same way as for the first
1624		interface (see major number 3).
1625
1626 90 char	Memory Technology Device (RAM, ROM, Flash)
1627		  0 = /dev/mtd0		First MTD (rw)
1628		  1 = /dev/mtdr0	First MTD (ro)
1629		    ...
1630		 30 = /dev/mtd15	16th MTD (rw)
1631		 31 = /dev/mtdr15	16th MTD (ro)
1632
1633 90 block	Ninth IDE hard disk/CD-ROM interface
1634		  0 = /dev/hdq		Master: whole disk (or CD-ROM)
1635		 64 = /dev/hdr		Slave: whole disk (or CD-ROM)
1636
1637		Partitions are handled the same way as for the first
1638		interface (see major number 3).
1639
1640 91 char	CAN-Bus devices
1641		  0 = /dev/can0		First CAN-Bus controller
1642		  1 = /dev/can1		Second CAN-Bus controller
1643		    ...
1644
1645 91 block	Tenth IDE hard disk/CD-ROM interface
1646		  0 = /dev/hds		Master: whole disk (or CD-ROM)
1647		 64 = /dev/hdt		Slave: whole disk (or CD-ROM)
1648
1649		Partitions are handled the same way as for the first
1650		interface (see major number 3).
1651
1652 92 char	Reserved for ith Kommunikationstechnik MIC ISDN card
1653
1654 92 block	PPDD encrypted disk driver
1655		  0 = /dev/ppdd0	First encrypted disk
1656		  1 = /dev/ppdd1	Second encrypted disk
1657		    ...
1658
1659		Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
1660		disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
1661		partitions is 15.
1662
1663 93 char
1664
1665 93 block	NAND Flash Translation Layer filesystem
1666		  0 = /dev/nftla	First NFTL layer
1667		 16 = /dev/nftlb	Second NFTL layer
1668		    ...
1669		240 = /dev/nftlp	16th NTFL layer
1670
1671 94 char
1672
1673 94 block	IBM S/390 DASD block storage
1674    		  0 = /dev/dasda First DASD device, major
1675    		  1 = /dev/dasda1 First DASD device, block 1
1676	    	  2 = /dev/dasda2 First DASD device, block 2
1677    		  3 = /dev/dasda3 First DASD device, block 3
1678    		  4 = /dev/dasdb Second DASD device, major
1679    		  5 = /dev/dasdb1 Second DASD device, block 1
1680    		  6 = /dev/dasdb2 Second DASD device, block 2
1681    		  7 = /dev/dasdb3 Second DASD device, block 3
1682		    ...
1683
1684 95 char	IP filter
1685		  0 = /dev/ipl		Filter control device/log file
1686		  1 = /dev/ipnat	NAT control device/log file
1687		  2 = /dev/ipstate	State information log file
1688		  3 = /dev/ipauth	Authentication control device/log file
1689		    ...
1690
1691 96 char	Parallel port ATAPI tape devices
1692		  0 = /dev/pt0		First parallel port ATAPI tape
1693		  1 = /dev/pt1		Second parallel port ATAPI tape
1694		    ...
1695		128 = /dev/npt0		First p.p. ATAPI tape, no rewind
1696		129 = /dev/npt1		Second p.p. ATAPI tape, no rewind
1697		    ...
1698
1699 96 block	Inverse NAND Flash Translation Layer
1700		  0 = /dev/inftla First INFTL layer
1701		 16 = /dev/inftlb Second INFTL layer
1702		    ...
1703		240 = /dev/inftlp	16th INTFL layer
1704
1705 97 char	Parallel port generic ATAPI interface
1706		  0 = /dev/pg0		First parallel port ATAPI device
1707		  1 = /dev/pg1		Second parallel port ATAPI device
1708		  2 = /dev/pg2		Third parallel port ATAPI device
1709		  3 = /dev/pg3		Fourth parallel port ATAPI device
1710
1711		These devices support the same API as the generic SCSI
1712		devices.
1713
1714 98 char	Control and Measurement Device (comedi)
1715		  0 = /dev/comedi0	First comedi device
1716		  1 = /dev/comedi1	Second comedi device
1717		    ...
1718
1719		See http://stm.lbl.gov/comedi.
1720
1721 98 block	User-mode virtual block device
1722		  0 = /dev/ubda		First user-mode block device
1723		 16 = /dev/udbb		Second user-mode block device
1724		    ...
1725
1726		Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
1727		disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
1728		partitions is 15.
1729
1730		This device is used by the user-mode virtual kernel port.
1731
1732 99 char	Raw parallel ports
1733		  0 = /dev/parport0	First parallel port
1734		  1 = /dev/parport1	Second parallel port
1735		    ...
1736
1737 99 block	JavaStation flash disk
1738		  0 = /dev/jsfd		JavaStation flash disk
1739
1740100 char	Telephony for Linux
1741		  0 = /dev/phone0	First telephony device
1742		  1 = /dev/phone1	Second telephony device
1743		    ...
1744
1745101 char	Motorola DSP 56xxx board
1746		  0 = /dev/mdspstat	Status information
1747		  1 = /dev/mdsp1	First DSP board I/O controls
1748		    ...
1749		 16 = /dev/mdsp16	16th DSP board I/O controls
1750
1751101 block	AMI HyperDisk RAID controller
1752		  0 = /dev/amiraid/ar0	First array whole disk
1753		 16 = /dev/amiraid/ar1	Second array whole disk
1754		    ...
1755		240 = /dev/amiraid/ar15	16th array whole disk
1756
1757		For each device, partitions are added as:
1758		  0 = /dev/amiraid/ar?	  Whole disk
1759		  1 = /dev/amiraid/ar?p1  First partition
1760		  2 = /dev/amiraid/ar?p2  Second partition
1761		    ...
1762		 15 = /dev/amiraid/ar?p15 15th partition
1763
1764102 char
1765
1766102 block	Compressed block device
1767		  0 = /dev/cbd/a	First compressed block device, whole device
1768		 16 = /dev/cbd/b	Second compressed block device, whole device
1769		    ...
1770		240 = /dev/cbd/p	16th compressed block device, whole device
1771
1772		Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
1773		disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
1774		partitions is 15.
1775
1776103 char	Arla network file system
1777		  0 = /dev/nnpfs0	First NNPFS device
1778		  1 = /dev/nnpfs1	Second NNPFS device
1779
1780		Arla is a free clone of the Andrew File System, AFS.
1781		The NNPFS device gives user mode filesystem
1782		implementations a kernel presence for caching and easy
1783		mounting.  For more information about the project,
1784		write to <arla-drinkers@stacken.kth.se> or see
1785		http://www.stacken.kth.se/project/arla/
1786
1787103 block	Audit device
1788		  0 = /dev/audit	Audit device
1789
1790104 char	Flash BIOS support
1791
1792104 block	Compaq Next Generation Drive Array, first controller
1793		  0 = /dev/cciss/c0d0	First logical drive, whole disk
1794		 16 = /dev/cciss/c0d1	Second logical drive, whole disk
1795		    ...
1796		240 = /dev/cciss/c0d15	16th logical drive, whole disk
1797
1798		Partitions are handled the same way as for Mylex
1799		DAC960 (see major number 48) except that the limit on
1800		partitions is 15.
1801
1802105 char	Comtrol VS-1000 serial controller
1803		  0 = /dev/ttyV0	First VS-1000 port
1804		  1 = /dev/ttyV1	Second VS-1000 port
1805		    ...
1806
1807105 block	Compaq Next Generation Drive Array, second controller
1808		  0 = /dev/cciss/c1d0	First logical drive, whole disk
1809		 16 = /dev/cciss/c1d1	Second logical drive, whole disk
1810		    ...
1811		240 = /dev/cciss/c1d15	16th logical drive, whole disk
1812
1813		Partitions are handled the same way as for Mylex
1814		DAC960 (see major number 48) except that the limit on
1815		partitions is 15.
1816
1817106 char	Comtrol VS-1000 serial controller - alternate devices
1818		  0 = /dev/cuv0		First VS-1000 port
1819		  1 = /dev/cuv1		Second VS-1000 port
1820		    ...
1821
1822106 block	Compaq Next Generation Drive Array, third controller
1823		  0 = /dev/cciss/c2d0	First logical drive, whole disk
1824		 16 = /dev/cciss/c2d1	Second logical drive, whole disk
1825		    ...
1826		240 = /dev/cciss/c2d15	16th logical drive, whole disk
1827
1828		Partitions are handled the same way as for Mylex
1829		DAC960 (see major number 48) except that the limit on
1830		partitions is 15.
1831
1832107 char	3Dfx Voodoo Graphics device
1833		  0 = /dev/3dfx		Primary 3Dfx graphics device
1834
1835107 block	Compaq Next Generation Drive Array, fourth controller
1836		  0 = /dev/cciss/c3d0	First logical drive, whole disk
1837		 16 = /dev/cciss/c3d1	Second logical drive, whole disk
1838		    ...
1839		240 = /dev/cciss/c3d15	16th logical drive, whole disk
1840
1841		Partitions are handled the same way as for Mylex
1842		DAC960 (see major number 48) except that the limit on
1843		partitions is 15.
1844
1845108 char	Device independent PPP interface
1846		  0 = /dev/ppp		Device independent PPP interface
1847
1848108 block	Compaq Next Generation Drive Array, fifth controller
1849		  0 = /dev/cciss/c4d0	First logical drive, whole disk
1850		 16 = /dev/cciss/c4d1	Second logical drive, whole disk
1851		    ...
1852		240 = /dev/cciss/c4d15	16th logical drive, whole disk
1853
1854		Partitions are handled the same way as for Mylex
1855		DAC960 (see major number 48) except that the limit on
1856		partitions is 15.
1857
1858109 char	Reserved for logical volume manager
1859
1860109 block	Compaq Next Generation Drive Array, sixth controller
1861		  0 = /dev/cciss/c5d0	First logical drive, whole disk
1862		 16 = /dev/cciss/c5d1	Second logical drive, whole disk
1863		    ...
1864		240 = /dev/cciss/c5d15	16th logical drive, whole disk
1865
1866		Partitions are handled the same way as for Mylex
1867		DAC960 (see major number 48) except that the limit on
1868		partitions is 15.
1869
1870110 char	miroMEDIA Surround board
1871		  0 = /dev/srnd0	First miroMEDIA Surround board
1872		  1 = /dev/srnd1	Second miroMEDIA Surround board
1873		    ...
1874
1875110 block	Compaq Next Generation Drive Array, seventh controller
1876		  0 = /dev/cciss/c6d0	First logical drive, whole disk
1877		 16 = /dev/cciss/c6d1	Second logical drive, whole disk
1878		    ...
1879		240 = /dev/cciss/c6d15	16th logical drive, whole disk
1880
1881		Partitions are handled the same way as for Mylex
1882		DAC960 (see major number 48) except that the limit on
1883		partitions is 15.
1884
1885111 char
1886
1887111 block	Compaq Next Generation Drive Array, eighth controller
1888		  0 = /dev/cciss/c7d0	First logical drive, whole disk
1889		 16 = /dev/cciss/c7d1	Second logical drive, whole disk
1890		    ...
1891		240 = /dev/cciss/c7d15	16th logical drive, whole disk
1892
1893		Partitions are handled the same way as for Mylex
1894		DAC960 (see major number 48) except that the limit on
1895		partitions is 15.
1896
1897112 char	ISI serial card
1898		  0 = /dev/ttyM0	First ISI port
1899		  1 = /dev/ttyM1	Second ISI port
1900		    ...
1901
1902		There is currently a device-naming conflict between
1903		these and PAM multimodems (major 78).
1904
1905112 block	IBM iSeries virtual disk
1906		  0 = /dev/iseries/vda	First virtual disk, whole disk
1907		  8 = /dev/iseries/vdb	Second virtual disk, whole disk
1908		    ...
1909		200 = /dev/iseries/vdz	26th virtual disk, whole disk
1910		208 = /dev/iseries/vdaa	27th virtual disk, whole disk
1911		    ...
1912		248 = /dev/iseries/vdaf	32nd virtual disk, whole disk
1913
1914		Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
1915		disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
1916		partitions is 7.
1917
1918113 char	ISI serial card - alternate devices
1919		  0 = /dev/cum0		Callout device for ttyM0
1920		  1 = /dev/cum1		Callout device for ttyM1
1921		    ...
1922
1923113 block	IBM iSeries virtual CD-ROM
1924		  0 = /dev/iseries/vcda	First virtual CD-ROM
1925		  1 = /dev/iseries/vcdb	Second virtual CD-ROM
1926		    ...
1927
1928114 char	Picture Elements ISE board
1929		  0 = /dev/ise0		First ISE board
1930		  1 = /dev/ise1		Second ISE board
1931		    ...
1932		128 = /dev/isex0	Control node for first ISE board
1933		129 = /dev/isex1	Control node for second ISE board
1934		    ...
1935
1936		The ISE board is an embedded computer, optimized for
1937		image processing. The /dev/iseN nodes are the general
1938		I/O access to the board, the /dev/isex0 nodes command
1939		nodes used to control the board.
1940
1941114 block       IDE BIOS powered software RAID interfaces such as the
1942                Promise Fastrak
1943
1944                  0 = /dev/ataraid/d0
1945                  1 = /dev/ataraid/d0p1
1946                  2 = /dev/ataraid/d0p2
1947                  ...
1948                 16 = /dev/ataraid/d1
1949                 17 = /dev/ataraid/d1p1
1950                 18 = /dev/ataraid/d1p2
1951                  ...
1952                255 = /dev/ataraid/d15p15
1953
1954		Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
1955		disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
1956		partitions is 15.
1957
1958115 char	TI link cable devices (115 was formerly the console driver speaker)
1959		  0 = /dev/tipar0    Parallel cable on first parallel port
1960		  ...
1961		  7 = /dev/tipar7    Parallel cable on seventh parallel port
1962
1963		  8 = /dev/tiser0    Serial cable on first serial port
1964		  ...
1965		 15 = /dev/tiser7    Serial cable on seventh serial port
1966
1967		 16 = /dev/tiusb0    First USB cable
1968		  ...
1969		 47 = /dev/tiusb31   32nd USB cable
1970
1971115 block       NetWare (NWFS) Devices (0-255)
1972
1973                The NWFS (NetWare) devices are used to present a
1974                collection of NetWare Mirror Groups or NetWare
1975                Partitions as a logical storage segment for
1976                use in mounting NetWare volumes.  A maximum of
1977                256 NetWare volumes can be supported in a single
1978                machine.
1979
1980                http://cgfa.telepac.pt/ftp2/kernel.org/linux/kernel/people/jmerkey/nwfs/
1981
1982                0 = /dev/nwfs/v0    First NetWare (NWFS) Logical Volume
1983                1 = /dev/nwfs/v1    Second NetWare (NWFS) Logical Volume
1984                2 = /dev/nwfs/v2    Third NetWare (NWFS) Logical Volume
1985                      ...
1986                255 = /dev/nwfs/v255    Last NetWare (NWFS) Logical Volume
1987
1988116 char	Advanced Linux Sound Driver (ALSA)
1989
1990116 block       MicroMemory battery backed RAM adapter (NVRAM)
1991                Supports 16 boards, 15 partitions each.
1992                Requested by neilb at cse.unsw.edu.au.
1993
1994		 0 = /dev/umem/d0      Whole of first board
1995		 1 = /dev/umem/d0p1    First partition of first board
1996		 2 = /dev/umem/d0p2    Second partition of first board
1997		15 = /dev/umem/d0p15   15th partition of first board
1998
1999		16 = /dev/umem/d1      Whole of second board
2000		17 = /dev/umem/d1p1    First partition of second board
2001		    ...
2002		255= /dev/umem/d15p15  15th partition of 16th board.
2003
2004117 char	COSA/SRP synchronous serial card
2005		  0 = /dev/cosa0c0	1st board, 1st channel
2006		  1 = /dev/cosa0c1	1st board, 2nd channel
2007		    ...
2008		 16 = /dev/cosa1c0	2nd board, 1st channel
2009		 17 = /dev/cosa1c1	2nd board, 2nd channel
2010		    ...
2011
2012117 block       Enterprise Volume Management System (EVMS)
2013
2014                The EVMS driver uses a layered, plug-in model to provide
2015                unparalleled flexibility and extensibility in managing
2016                storage.  This allows for easy expansion or customization
2017                of various levels of volume management.  Requested by
2018                Mark Peloquin (peloquin at us.ibm.com).
2019
2020                Note: EVMS populates and manages all the devnodes in
2021                /dev/evms.
2022
2023                http://sf.net/projects/evms
2024
2025                  0 = /dev/evms/block_device   EVMS block device
2026                  1 = /dev/evms/legacyname1    First EVMS legacy device
2027                  2 = /dev/evms/legacyname2    Second EVMS legacy device
2028                    ...
2029                    Both ranges can grow (down or up) until they meet.
2030                    ...
2031                254 = /dev/evms/EVMSname2      Second EVMS native device
2032                255 = /dev/evms/EVMSname1      First EVMS native device
2033
2034                Note: legacyname(s) are derived from the normal legacy
2035                device names.  For example, /dev/hda5 would become
2036                /dev/evms/hda5.
2037
2038118 char	IBM Cryptographic Accelerator
2039		  0 = /dev/ica	Virtual interface to all IBM Crypto Accelerators
2040		  1 = /dev/ica0	IBMCA Device 0
2041		  2 = /dev/ica1	IBMCA Device 1
2042		    ...
2043
2044119 char	VMware virtual network control
2045		  0 = /dev/vnet0	1st virtual network
2046		  1 = /dev/vnet1	2nd virtual network
2047		    ...
2048
2049120-127 char	LOCAL/EXPERIMENTAL USE
2050
2051120-127 block	LOCAL/EXPERIMENTAL USE
2052		Allocated for local/experimental use.  For devices not
2053		assigned official numbers, these ranges should be
2054		used in order to avoid conflicting with future assignments.
2055
2056128-135 char	Unix98 PTY masters
2057
2058		These devices should not have corresponding device
2059		nodes; instead they should be accessed through the
2060		/dev/ptmx cloning interface.
2061
2062128 block       SCSI disk devices (128-143)
2063                  0 = /dev/sddy         129th SCSI disk whole disk
2064                 16 = /dev/sddz         130th SCSI disk whole disk
2065                 32 = /dev/sdea         131th SCSI disk whole disk
2066                    ...
2067                240 = /dev/sden         144th SCSI disk whole disk
2068
2069		Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
2070		disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
2071		partitions is 15.
2072
2073129 block       SCSI disk devices (144-159)
2074                  0 = /dev/sdeo         145th SCSI disk whole disk
2075                 16 = /dev/sdep         146th SCSI disk whole disk
2076                 32 = /dev/sdeq         147th SCSI disk whole disk
2077                    ...
2078                240 = /dev/sdfd         160th SCSI disk whole disk
2079
2080		Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
2081		disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
2082		partitions is 15.
2083
2084130 char 	(Misc devices)
2085
2086130 block       SCSI disk devices (160-175)
2087                  0 = /dev/sdfe         161st SCSI disk whole disk
2088                 16 = /dev/sdff         162nd SCSI disk whole disk
2089                 32 = /dev/sdfg         163rd SCSI disk whole disk
2090                    ...
2091                240 = /dev/sdft         176th SCSI disk whole disk
2092
2093		Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
2094		disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
2095		partitions is 15.
2096
2097131 block       SCSI disk devices (176-191)
2098                  0 = /dev/sdfu         177th SCSI disk whole disk
2099                 16 = /dev/sdfv         178th SCSI disk whole disk
2100                 32 = /dev/sdfw         179th SCSI disk whole disk
2101                    ...
2102                240 = /dev/sdgj         192nd SCSI disk whole disk
2103
2104		Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
2105		disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
2106		partitions is 15.
2107
2108132 block       SCSI disk devices (192-207)
2109                  0 = /dev/sdgk         193rd SCSI disk whole disk
2110                 16 = /dev/sdgl         194th SCSI disk whole disk
2111                 32 = /dev/sdgm         195th SCSI disk whole disk
2112                    ...
2113                240 = /dev/sdgz         208th SCSI disk whole disk
2114
2115		Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
2116		disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
2117		partitions is 15.
2118
2119133 block       SCSI disk devices (208-223)
2120                  0 = /dev/sdha         209th SCSI disk whole disk
2121                 16 = /dev/sdhb         210th SCSI disk whole disk
2122                 32 = /dev/sdhc         211th SCSI disk whole disk
2123                    ...
2124                240 = /dev/sdhp         224th SCSI disk whole disk
2125
2126		Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
2127		disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
2128		partitions is 15.
2129
2130134 block       SCSI disk devices (224-239)
2131                  0 = /dev/sdhq         225th SCSI disk whole disk
2132                 16 = /dev/sdhr         226th SCSI disk whole disk
2133                 32 = /dev/sdhs         227th SCSI disk whole disk
2134                    ...
2135                240 = /dev/sdif         240th SCSI disk whole disk
2136
2137		Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
2138		disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
2139		partitions is 15.
2140
2141135 block       SCSI disk devices (240-255)
2142                  0 = /dev/sdig         241st SCSI disk whole disk
2143                 16 = /dev/sdih         242nd SCSI disk whole disk
2144                 32 = /dev/sdih         243rd SCSI disk whole disk
2145                    ...
2146                240 = /dev/sdiv         256th SCSI disk whole disk
2147
2148		Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
2149		disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
2150		partitions is 15.
2151
2152136-143 char	Unix98 PTY slaves
2153		  0 = /dev/pts/0	First Unix98 pseudo-TTY
2154		  1 = /dev/pts/1	Second Unix98 pseudo-TTY
2155		    ...
2156
2157		These device nodes are automatically generated with
2158		the proper permissions and modes by mounting the
2159		devpts filesystem onto /dev/pts with the appropriate
2160		mount options (distribution dependent, however, on
2161		*most* distributions the appropriate options are
2162		"mode=0620,gid=<gid of the "tty" group>".)
2163
2164136 block	Mylex DAC960 PCI RAID controller; ninth controller
2165		  0 = /dev/rd/c8d0	First disk, whole disk
2166		  8 = /dev/rd/c8d1	Second disk, whole disk
2167		    ...
2168		248 = /dev/rd/c8d31	32nd disk, whole disk
2169
2170		Partitions are handled as for major 48.
2171
2172137 block	Mylex DAC960 PCI RAID controller; tenth controller
2173		  0 = /dev/rd/c9d0	First disk, whole disk
2174		  8 = /dev/rd/c9d1	Second disk, whole disk
2175		    ...
2176		248 = /dev/rd/c9d31	32nd disk, whole disk
2177
2178		Partitions are handled as for major 48.
2179
2180138 block	Mylex DAC960 PCI RAID controller; eleventh controller
2181		  0 = /dev/rd/c10d0	First disk, whole disk
2182		  8 = /dev/rd/c10d1	Second disk, whole disk
2183		    ...
2184		248 = /dev/rd/c10d31	32nd disk, whole disk
2185
2186		Partitions are handled as for major 48.
2187
2188139 block	Mylex DAC960 PCI RAID controller; twelfth controller
2189		  0 = /dev/rd/c11d0	First disk, whole disk
2190		  8 = /dev/rd/c11d1	Second disk, whole disk
2191		    ...
2192		248 = /dev/rd/c11d31	32nd disk, whole disk
2193
2194		Partitions are handled as for major 48.
2195
2196140 block	Mylex DAC960 PCI RAID controller; thirteenth controller
2197		  0 = /dev/rd/c12d0	First disk, whole disk
2198		  8 = /dev/rd/c12d1	Second disk, whole disk
2199		    ...
2200		248 = /dev/rd/c12d31	32nd disk, whole disk
2201
2202		Partitions are handled as for major 48.
2203
2204141 block	Mylex DAC960 PCI RAID controller; fourteenth controller
2205		  0 = /dev/rd/c13d0	First disk, whole disk
2206		  8 = /dev/rd/c13d1	Second disk, whole disk
2207		    ...
2208		248 = /dev/rd/c13d31	32nd disk, whole disk
2209
2210		Partitions are handled as for major 48.
2211
2212142 block	Mylex DAC960 PCI RAID controller; fifteenth controller
2213		  0 = /dev/rd/c14d0	First disk, whole disk
2214		  8 = /dev/rd/c14d1	Second disk, whole disk
2215		    ...
2216		248 = /dev/rd/c14d31	32nd disk, whole disk
2217
2218		Partitions are handled as for major 48.
2219
2220143 block	Mylex DAC960 PCI RAID controller; sixteenth controller
2221		  0 = /dev/rd/c15d0	First disk, whole disk
2222		  8 = /dev/rd/c15d1	Second disk, whole disk
2223		    ...
2224		248 = /dev/rd/c15d31	32nd disk, whole disk
2225
2226		Partitions are handled as for major 48.
2227
2228144 char	Encapsulated PPP
2229		  0 = /dev/pppox0	First PPP over Ethernet
2230		    ...
2231		 63 = /dev/pppox63	64th PPP over Ethernet
2232
2233		This is primarily used for ADSL.
2234
2235		The SST 5136-DN DeviceNet interface driver has been
2236		relocated to major 183 due to an unfortunate conflict.
2237
2238144 block	Expansion Area #1 for more non-device (e.g. NFS) mounts
2239		  0 = mounted device 256
2240		255 = mounted device 511
2241
2242145 char	SAM9407-based soundcard
2243		  0 = /dev/sam0_mixer
2244		  1 = /dev/sam0_sequencer
2245		  2 = /dev/sam0_midi00
2246		  3 = /dev/sam0_dsp
2247		  4 = /dev/sam0_audio
2248		  6 = /dev/sam0_sndstat
2249		 18 = /dev/sam0_midi01
2250		 34 = /dev/sam0_midi02
2251		 50 = /dev/sam0_midi03
2252		 64 = /dev/sam1_mixer
2253		    ...
2254		128 = /dev/sam2_mixer
2255		    ...
2256		192 = /dev/sam3_mixer
2257		    ...
2258
2259		Device functions match OSS, but offer a number of
2260		addons, which are sam9407 specific.  OSS can be
2261		operated simultaneously, taking care of the codec.
2262
2263145 block	Expansion Area #2 for more non-device (e.g. NFS) mounts
2264		  0 = mounted device 512
2265		255 = mounted device 767
2266
2267146 char	SYSTRAM SCRAMNet mirrored-memory network
2268		  0 = /dev/scramnet0	First SCRAMNet device
2269		  1 = /dev/scramnet1	Second SCRAMNet device
2270		    ...
2271
2272146 block	Expansion Area #3 for more non-device (e.g. NFS) mounts
2273		  0 = mounted device 768
2274		255 = mounted device 1023
2275
2276147 char	Aureal Semiconductor Vortex Audio device
2277		  0 = /dev/aureal0	First Aureal Vortex
2278		  1 = /dev/aureal1	Second Aureal Vortex
2279		    ...
2280
2281147 block	Distributed Replicated Block Device (DRBD)
2282		  0 = /dev/drbd0	First DRBD device
2283		  1 = /dev/drbd1	Second DRBD device
2284		    ...
2285
2286148 char	Technology Concepts serial card
2287		  0 = /dev/ttyT0	First TCL port
2288		  1 = /dev/ttyT1	Second TCL port
2289		    ...
2290
2291149 char	Technology Concepts serial card - alternate devices
2292		  0 = /dev/cut0		Callout device for ttyT0
2293		  1 = /dev/cut0		Callout device for ttyT1
2294		    ...
2295
2296150 char	Real-Time Linux FIFOs
2297		  0 = /dev/rtf0		First RTLinux FIFO
2298		  1 = /dev/rtf1		Second RTLinux FIFO
2299		    ...
2300
2301151 char	DPT I2O SmartRaid V controller
2302		  0 = /dev/dpti0	First DPT I2O adapter
2303		  1 = /dev/dpti1	Second DPT I2O adapter
2304		    ...
2305
2306152 char	EtherDrive Control Device
2307		  0 = /dev/etherd/ctl	Connect/Disconnect an EtherDrive
2308		  1 = /dev/etherd/err	Monitor errors
2309		  2 = /dev/etherd/raw	Raw AoE packet monitor
2310
2311152 block	EtherDrive Block Devices
2312		  0 = /dev/etherd/0	EtherDrive 0
2313		    ...
2314		255 = /dev/etherd/255	EtherDrive 255
2315
2316153 char	SPI Bus Interface (sometimes referred to as MicroWire)
2317		  0 = /dev/spi0		First SPI device on the bus
2318		  1 = /dev/spi1		Second SPI device on the bus
2319		    ...
2320		 15 = /dev/spi15	Sixteenth SPI device on the bus
2321
2322153 block	Enhanced Metadisk RAID (EMD) storage units
2323		  0 = /dev/emd/0	First unit
2324		  1 = /dev/emd/0p1	Partition 1 on First unit
2325		  2 = /dev/emd/0p2	Partition 2 on First unit
2326		    ...
2327		 15 = /dev/emd/0p15	Partition 15 on First unit
2328
2329		 16 = /dev/emd/1	Second unit
2330		 32 = /dev/emd/2	Third unit
2331		    ...
2332		240 = /dev/emd/15	Sixteenth unit
2333
2334		Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
2335		disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
2336		partitions is 15.
2337
2338154 char	Specialix RIO serial card
2339		  0 = /dev/ttySR0	First RIO port
2340		    ...
2341		255 = /dev/ttySR255	256th RIO port
2342
2343155 char	Specialix RIO serial card - alternate devices
2344		  0 = /dev/cusr0	Callout device for ttySR0
2345		    ...
2346		255 = /dev/cusr255	Callout device for ttySR255
2347
2348156 char	Specialix RIO serial card
2349		  0 = /dev/ttySR256	257th RIO port
2350		    ...
2351		255 = /dev/ttySR511	512th RIO port
2352
2353157 char	Specialix RIO serial card - alternate devices
2354		  0 = /dev/cusr256	Callout device for ttySR256
2355		    ...
2356		255 = /dev/cusr511	Callout device for ttySR511
2357
2358158 char	Dialogic GammaLink fax driver
2359		  0 = /dev/gfax0	GammaLink channel 0
2360		  1 = /dev/gfax1	GammaLink channel 1
2361		    ...
2362
2363159 char	RESERVED
2364
2365159 block	RESERVED
2366
2367160 char	General Purpose Instrument Bus (GPIB)
2368		  0 = /dev/gpib0	First GPIB bus
2369		  1 = /dev/gpib1	Second GPIB bus
2370		    ...
2371
2372160 block       Carmel 8-port SATA Disks on First Controller
2373		  0 = /dev/carmel/0     SATA disk 0 whole disk
2374		  1 = /dev/carmel/0p1   SATA disk 0 partition 1
2375		    ...
2376		 31 = /dev/carmel/0p31  SATA disk 0 partition 31
2377
2378		 32 = /dev/carmel/1     SATA disk 1 whole disk
2379		 64 = /dev/carmel/2     SATA disk 2 whole disk
2380		    ...
2381		224 = /dev/carmel/7     SATA disk 7 whole disk
2382
2383		Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
2384		disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
2385		partitions is 31.
2386
2387161 char	IrCOMM devices (IrDA serial/parallel emulation)
2388		  0 = /dev/ircomm0	First IrCOMM device
2389		  1 = /dev/ircomm1	Second IrCOMM device
2390		    ...
2391		 16 = /dev/irlpt0	First IrLPT device
2392		 17 = /dev/irlpt1	Second IrLPT device
2393		    ...
2394
2395161 block       Carmel 8-port SATA Disks on Second Controller
2396		  0 = /dev/carmel/8     SATA disk 8 whole disk
2397		  1 = /dev/carmel/8p1   SATA disk 8 partition 1
2398		    ...
2399		 31 = /dev/carmel/8p31  SATA disk 8 partition 31
2400
2401		 32 = /dev/carmel/9     SATA disk 9 whole disk
2402		 64 = /dev/carmel/10    SATA disk 10 whole disk
2403		    ...
2404		224 = /dev/carmel/15    SATA disk 15 whole disk
2405
2406		Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
2407		disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
2408		partitions is 31.
2409
2410162 char	Raw block device interface
2411		  0 = /dev/rawctl	Raw I/O control device
2412		  1 = /dev/raw/raw1	First raw I/O device
2413		  2 = /dev/raw/raw2	Second raw I/O device
2414		    ...
2415                 max minor number of raw device is set by kernel config
2416                 MAX_RAW_DEVS or raw module parameter 'max_raw_devs'
2417
2418163 char
2419
2420164 char	Chase Research AT/PCI-Fast serial card
2421		  0 = /dev/ttyCH0	AT/PCI-Fast board 0, port 0
2422		    ...
2423		 15 = /dev/ttyCH15	AT/PCI-Fast board 0, port 15
2424		 16 = /dev/ttyCH16	AT/PCI-Fast board 1, port 0
2425		    ...
2426		 31 = /dev/ttyCH31	AT/PCI-Fast board 1, port 15
2427		 32 = /dev/ttyCH32	AT/PCI-Fast board 2, port 0
2428		    ...
2429		 47 = /dev/ttyCH47	AT/PCI-Fast board 2, port 15
2430		 48 = /dev/ttyCH48	AT/PCI-Fast board 3, port 0
2431		    ...
2432		 63 = /dev/ttyCH63	AT/PCI-Fast board 3, port 15
2433
2434165 char	Chase Research AT/PCI-Fast serial card - alternate devices
2435		  0 = /dev/cuch0	Callout device for ttyCH0
2436		    ...
2437		 63 = /dev/cuch63	Callout device for ttyCH63
2438
2439166 char	ACM USB modems
2440		  0 = /dev/ttyACM0	First ACM modem
2441		  1 = /dev/ttyACM1	Second ACM modem
2442		    ...
2443
2444167 char	ACM USB modems - alternate devices
2445		  0 = /dev/cuacm0	Callout device for ttyACM0
2446		  1 = /dev/cuacm1	Callout device for ttyACM1
2447		    ...
2448
2449168 char	Eracom CSA7000 PCI encryption adaptor
2450		  0 = /dev/ecsa0	First CSA7000
2451		  1 = /dev/ecsa1	Second CSA7000
2452		    ...
2453
2454169 char	Eracom CSA8000 PCI encryption adaptor
2455		  0 = /dev/ecsa8-0	First CSA8000
2456		  1 = /dev/ecsa8-1	Second CSA8000
2457		    ...
2458
2459170 char	AMI MegaRAC remote access controller
2460		  0 = /dev/megarac0	First MegaRAC card
2461		  1 = /dev/megarac1	Second MegaRAC card
2462		    ...
2463
2464171 char	Reserved for IEEE 1394 (Firewire)
2465
2466172 char	Moxa Intellio serial card
2467		  0 = /dev/ttyMX0	First Moxa port
2468		  1 = /dev/ttyMX1	Second Moxa port
2469		    ...
2470		127 = /dev/ttyMX127	128th Moxa port
2471		128 = /dev/moxactl	Moxa control port
2472
2473173 char	Moxa Intellio serial card - alternate devices
2474		  0 = /dev/cumx0	Callout device for ttyMX0
2475		  1 = /dev/cumx1	Callout device for ttyMX1
2476		    ...
2477		127 = /dev/cumx127	Callout device for ttyMX127
2478
2479174 char	SmartIO serial card
2480		  0 = /dev/ttySI0	First SmartIO port
2481		  1 = /dev/ttySI1	Second SmartIO port
2482		    ...
2483
2484175 char	SmartIO serial card - alternate devices
2485		  0 = /dev/cusi0	Callout device for ttySI0
2486		  1 = /dev/cusi1	Callout device for ttySI1
2487		    ...
2488
2489176 char	nCipher nFast PCI crypto accelerator
2490		  0 = /dev/nfastpci0	First nFast PCI device
2491		  1 = /dev/nfastpci1	First nFast PCI device
2492		    ...
2493
2494177 char	TI PCILynx memory spaces
2495		  0 = /dev/pcilynx/aux0	 AUX space of first PCILynx card
2496		    ...
2497		 15 = /dev/pcilynx/aux15 AUX space of 16th PCILynx card
2498		 16 = /dev/pcilynx/rom0	 ROM space of first PCILynx card
2499		    ...
2500		 31 = /dev/pcilynx/rom15 ROM space of 16th PCILynx card
2501		 32 = /dev/pcilynx/ram0	 RAM space of first PCILynx card
2502		    ...
2503		 47 = /dev/pcilynx/ram15 RAM space of 16th PCILynx card
2504
2505178 char	Giganet cLAN1xxx virtual interface adapter
2506		  0 = /dev/clanvi0	First cLAN adapter
2507		  1 = /dev/clanvi1	Second cLAN adapter
2508		    ...
2509
2510179 block       MMC block devices
2511		  0 = /dev/mmcblk0      First SD/MMC card
2512		  1 = /dev/mmcblk0p1    First partition on first MMC card
2513		  8 = /dev/mmcblk1      Second SD/MMC card
2514		    ...
2515
2516		The start of next SD/MMC card can be configured with
2517		CONFIG_MMC_BLOCK_MINORS, or overridden at boot/modprobe
2518		time using the mmcblk.perdev_minors option. That would
2519		bump the offset between each card to be the configured
2520		value instead of the default 8.
2521
2522179 char	CCube DVXChip-based PCI products
2523		  0 = /dev/dvxirq0	First DVX device
2524		  1 = /dev/dvxirq1	Second DVX device
2525		    ...
2526
2527180 char	USB devices
2528		  0 = /dev/usb/lp0	First USB printer
2529		    ...
2530		 15 = /dev/usb/lp15	16th USB printer
2531		 48 = /dev/usb/scanner0	First USB scanner
2532		    ...
2533		 63 = /dev/usb/scanner15 16th USB scanner
2534		 64 = /dev/usb/rio500	Diamond Rio 500
2535		 65 = /dev/usb/usblcd	USBLCD Interface (info@usblcd.de)
2536		 66 = /dev/usb/cpad0	Synaptics cPad (mouse/LCD)
2537		 96 = /dev/usb/hiddev0	1st USB HID device
2538		    ...
2539		111 = /dev/usb/hiddev15	16th USB HID device
2540		112 = /dev/usb/auer0	1st auerswald ISDN device
2541		    ...
2542		127 = /dev/usb/auer15	16th auerswald ISDN device
2543		128 = /dev/usb/brlvgr0	First Braille Voyager device
2544		    ...
2545		131 = /dev/usb/brlvgr3	Fourth Braille Voyager device
2546		132 = /dev/usb/idmouse	ID Mouse (fingerprint scanner) device
2547		133 = /dev/usb/sisusbvga1	First SiSUSB VGA device
2548		    ...
2549		140 = /dev/usb/sisusbvga8	Eighth SISUSB VGA device
2550		144 = /dev/usb/lcd	USB LCD device
2551		160 = /dev/usb/legousbtower0	1st USB Legotower device
2552		    ...
2553		175 = /dev/usb/legousbtower15	16th USB Legotower device
2554		176 = /dev/usb/usbtmc1	First USB TMC device
2555		   ...
2556		191 = /dev/usb/usbtmc16	16th USB TMC device
2557		192 = /dev/usb/yurex1	First USB Yurex device
2558		   ...
2559		209 = /dev/usb/yurex16	16th USB Yurex device
2560
2561180 block	USB block devices
2562		  0 = /dev/uba		First USB block device
2563		  8 = /dev/ubb		Second USB block device
2564		 16 = /dev/ubc		Third USB block device
2565 		    ...
2566
2567181 char	Conrad Electronic parallel port radio clocks
2568		  0 = /dev/pcfclock0	First Conrad radio clock
2569		  1 = /dev/pcfclock1	Second Conrad radio clock
2570		    ...
2571
2572182 char	Picture Elements THR2 binarizer
2573		  0 = /dev/pethr0	First THR2 board
2574		  1 = /dev/pethr1	Second THR2 board
2575		    ...
2576
2577183 char	SST 5136-DN DeviceNet interface
2578		  0 = /dev/ss5136dn0	First DeviceNet interface
2579		  1 = /dev/ss5136dn1	Second DeviceNet interface
2580		    ...
2581
2582		This device used to be assigned to major number 144.
2583		It had to be moved due to an unfortunate conflict.
2584
2585184 char	Picture Elements' video simulator/sender
2586		  0 = /dev/pevss0	First sender board
2587		  1 = /dev/pevss1	Second sender board
2588		    ...
2589
2590185 char	InterMezzo high availability file system
2591		  0 = /dev/intermezzo0	First cache manager
2592		  1 = /dev/intermezzo1	Second cache manager
2593		    ...
2594
2595		See http://web.archive.org/web/20080115195241/
2596		http://inter-mezzo.org/index.html
2597
2598186 char	Object-based storage control device
2599		  0 = /dev/obd0		First obd control device
2600		  1 = /dev/obd1		Second obd control device
2601		    ...
2602
2603		See ftp://ftp.lustre.org/pub/obd for code and information.
2604
2605187 char	DESkey hardware encryption device
2606		  0 = /dev/deskey0	First DES key
2607		  1 = /dev/deskey1	Second DES key
2608		    ...
2609
2610188 char	USB serial converters
2611		  0 = /dev/ttyUSB0	First USB serial converter
2612		  1 = /dev/ttyUSB1	Second USB serial converter
2613		    ...
2614
2615189 char	USB serial converters - alternate devices
2616		  0 = /dev/cuusb0	Callout device for ttyUSB0
2617		  1 = /dev/cuusb1	Callout device for ttyUSB1
2618		    ...
2619
2620190 char	Kansas City tracker/tuner card
2621		  0 = /dev/kctt0	First KCT/T card
2622		  1 = /dev/kctt1	Second KCT/T card
2623		    ...
2624
2625191 char	Reserved for PCMCIA
2626
2627192 char	Kernel profiling interface
2628		  0 = /dev/profile	Profiling control device
2629		  1 = /dev/profile0	Profiling device for CPU 0
2630		  2 = /dev/profile1	Profiling device for CPU 1
2631		    ...
2632
2633193 char	Kernel event-tracing interface
2634		  0 = /dev/trace	Tracing control device
2635		  1 = /dev/trace0	Tracing device for CPU 0
2636		  2 = /dev/trace1	Tracing device for CPU 1
2637		    ...
2638
2639194 char	linVideoStreams (LINVS)
2640		  0 = /dev/mvideo/status0	Video compression status
2641		  1 = /dev/mvideo/stream0	Video stream
2642		  2 = /dev/mvideo/frame0	Single compressed frame
2643		  3 = /dev/mvideo/rawframe0	Raw uncompressed frame
2644		  4 = /dev/mvideo/codec0	Direct codec access
2645		  5 = /dev/mvideo/video4linux0	Video4Linux compatibility
2646
2647		 16 = /dev/mvideo/status1	Second device
2648		    ...
2649		 32 = /dev/mvideo/status2	Third device
2650		    ...
2651		    ...
2652		240 = /dev/mvideo/status15	16th device
2653		    ...
2654
2655195 char	Nvidia graphics devices
2656		  0 = /dev/nvidia0		First Nvidia card
2657		  1 = /dev/nvidia1		Second Nvidia card
2658		    ...
2659		255 = /dev/nvidiactl		Nvidia card control device
2660
2661196 char	Tormenta T1 card
2662		  0 = /dev/tor/0		Master control channel for all cards
2663		  1 = /dev/tor/1		First DS0
2664		  2 = /dev/tor/2		Second DS0
2665		    ...
2666		 48 = /dev/tor/48		48th DS0
2667		 49 = /dev/tor/49		First pseudo-channel
2668		 50 = /dev/tor/50		Second pseudo-channel
2669		    ...
2670
2671197 char	OpenTNF tracing facility
2672		  0 = /dev/tnf/t0		Trace 0 data extraction
2673		  1 = /dev/tnf/t1		Trace 1 data extraction
2674		    ...
2675		128 = /dev/tnf/status		Tracing facility status
2676		130 = /dev/tnf/trace		Tracing device
2677
2678198 char	Total Impact TPMP2 quad coprocessor PCI card
2679		  0 = /dev/tpmp2/0		First card
2680		  1 = /dev/tpmp2/1		Second card
2681		    ...
2682
2683199 char	Veritas volume manager (VxVM) volumes
2684		  0 = /dev/vx/rdsk/*/*		First volume
2685		  1 = /dev/vx/rdsk/*/*		Second volume
2686		    ...
2687
2688199 block	Veritas volume manager (VxVM) volumes
2689		  0 = /dev/vx/dsk/*/*		First volume
2690		  1 = /dev/vx/dsk/*/*		Second volume
2691		    ...
2692
2693		The namespace in these directories is maintained by
2694		the user space VxVM software.
2695
2696200 char	Veritas VxVM configuration interface
2697                  0 = /dev/vx/config		Configuration access node
2698                  1 = /dev/vx/trace		Volume i/o trace access node
2699                  2 = /dev/vx/iod		Volume i/o daemon access node
2700                  3 = /dev/vx/info		Volume information access node
2701                  4 = /dev/vx/task		Volume tasks access node
2702                  5 = /dev/vx/taskmon		Volume tasks monitor daemon
2703
2704201 char	Veritas VxVM dynamic multipathing driver
2705		  0 = /dev/vx/rdmp/*		First multipath device
2706		  1 = /dev/vx/rdmp/*		Second multipath device
2707		    ...
2708201 block	Veritas VxVM dynamic multipathing driver
2709		  0 = /dev/vx/dmp/*		First multipath device
2710		  1 = /dev/vx/dmp/*		Second multipath device
2711		    ...
2712
2713		The namespace in these directories is maintained by
2714		the user space VxVM software.
2715
2716202 char	CPU model-specific registers
2717		  0 = /dev/cpu/0/msr		MSRs on CPU 0
2718		  1 = /dev/cpu/1/msr		MSRs on CPU 1
2719		    ...
2720
2721202 block	Xen Virtual Block Device
2722		  0 = /dev/xvda       First Xen VBD whole disk
2723		  16 = /dev/xvdb      Second Xen VBD whole disk
2724		  32 = /dev/xvdc      Third Xen VBD whole disk
2725		    ...
2726		  240 = /dev/xvdp     Sixteenth Xen VBD whole disk
2727
2728                Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
2729                disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
2730                partitions is 15.
2731
2732203 char	CPU CPUID information
2733		  0 = /dev/cpu/0/cpuid		CPUID on CPU 0
2734		  1 = /dev/cpu/1/cpuid		CPUID on CPU 1
2735		    ...
2736
2737204 char	Low-density serial ports
2738		  0 = /dev/ttyLU0		LinkUp Systems L72xx UART - port 0
2739		  1 = /dev/ttyLU1		LinkUp Systems L72xx UART - port 1
2740		  2 = /dev/ttyLU2		LinkUp Systems L72xx UART - port 2
2741		  3 = /dev/ttyLU3		LinkUp Systems L72xx UART - port 3
2742		  4 = /dev/ttyFB0		Intel Footbridge (ARM)
2743		  5 = /dev/ttySA0		StrongARM builtin serial port 0
2744		  6 = /dev/ttySA1		StrongARM builtin serial port 1
2745		  7 = /dev/ttySA2		StrongARM builtin serial port 2
2746		  8 = /dev/ttySC0		SCI serial port (SuperH) - port 0
2747		  9 = /dev/ttySC1		SCI serial port (SuperH) - port 1
2748		 10 = /dev/ttySC2		SCI serial port (SuperH) - port 2
2749		 11 = /dev/ttySC3		SCI serial port (SuperH) - port 3
2750		 12 = /dev/ttyFW0		Firmware console - port 0
2751		 13 = /dev/ttyFW1		Firmware console - port 1
2752		 14 = /dev/ttyFW2		Firmware console - port 2
2753		 15 = /dev/ttyFW3		Firmware console - port 3
2754		 16 = /dev/ttyAM0		ARM "AMBA" serial port 0
2755		    ...
2756		 31 = /dev/ttyAM15		ARM "AMBA" serial port 15
2757		 32 = /dev/ttyDB0		DataBooster serial port 0
2758		    ...
2759		 39 = /dev/ttyDB7		DataBooster serial port 7
2760		 40 = /dev/ttySG0		SGI Altix console port
2761		 41 = /dev/ttySMX0		Motorola i.MX - port 0
2762		 42 = /dev/ttySMX1		Motorola i.MX - port 1
2763		 43 = /dev/ttySMX2		Motorola i.MX - port 2
2764		 44 = /dev/ttyMM0		Marvell MPSC - port 0
2765		 45 = /dev/ttyMM1		Marvell MPSC - port 1
2766		 46 = /dev/ttyCPM0		PPC CPM (SCC or SMC) - port 0
2767		    ...
2768		 47 = /dev/ttyCPM5		PPC CPM (SCC or SMC) - port 5
2769		 50 = /dev/ttyIOC0		Altix serial card
2770		    ...
2771		 81 = /dev/ttyIOC31		Altix serial card
2772		 82 = /dev/ttyVR0		NEC VR4100 series SIU
2773		 83 = /dev/ttyVR1		NEC VR4100 series DSIU
2774		 84 = /dev/ttyIOC84		Altix ioc4 serial card
2775		    ...
2776		 115 = /dev/ttyIOC115		Altix ioc4 serial card
2777		 116 = /dev/ttySIOC0		Altix ioc3 serial card
2778		    ...
2779		 147 = /dev/ttySIOC31		Altix ioc3 serial card
2780		 148 = /dev/ttyPSC0		PPC PSC - port 0
2781		    ...
2782		 153 = /dev/ttyPSC5		PPC PSC - port 5
2783		 154 = /dev/ttyAT0		ATMEL serial port 0
2784		    ...
2785		 169 = /dev/ttyAT15		ATMEL serial port 15
2786		 170 = /dev/ttyNX0		Hilscher netX serial port 0
2787		    ...
2788		 185 = /dev/ttyNX15		Hilscher netX serial port 15
2789		 186 = /dev/ttyJ0		JTAG1 DCC protocol based serial port emulation
2790		 187 = /dev/ttyUL0		Xilinx uartlite - port 0
2791		    ...
2792		 190 = /dev/ttyUL3		Xilinx uartlite - port 3
2793		 191 = /dev/xvc0		Xen virtual console - port 0
2794		 192 = /dev/ttyPZ0		pmac_zilog - port 0
2795		    ...
2796		 195 = /dev/ttyPZ3		pmac_zilog - port 3
2797		 196 = /dev/ttyTX0		TX39/49 serial port 0
2798		    ...
2799		 204 = /dev/ttyTX7		TX39/49 serial port 7
2800		 205 = /dev/ttySC0		SC26xx serial port 0
2801		 206 = /dev/ttySC1		SC26xx serial port 1
2802		 207 = /dev/ttySC2		SC26xx serial port 2
2803		 208 = /dev/ttySC3		SC26xx serial port 3
2804		 209 = /dev/ttyMAX0		MAX3100 serial port 0
2805		 210 = /dev/ttyMAX1		MAX3100 serial port 1
2806		 211 = /dev/ttyMAX2		MAX3100 serial port 2
2807		 212 = /dev/ttyMAX3		MAX3100 serial port 3
2808
2809205 char	Low-density serial ports (alternate device)
2810		  0 = /dev/culu0		Callout device for ttyLU0
2811		  1 = /dev/culu1		Callout device for ttyLU1
2812		  2 = /dev/culu2		Callout device for ttyLU2
2813		  3 = /dev/culu3		Callout device for ttyLU3
2814		  4 = /dev/cufb0		Callout device for ttyFB0
2815		  5 = /dev/cusa0		Callout device for ttySA0
2816		  6 = /dev/cusa1		Callout device for ttySA1
2817		  7 = /dev/cusa2		Callout device for ttySA2
2818		  8 = /dev/cusc0		Callout device for ttySC0
2819		  9 = /dev/cusc1		Callout device for ttySC1
2820		 10 = /dev/cusc2		Callout device for ttySC2
2821		 11 = /dev/cusc3		Callout device for ttySC3
2822		 12 = /dev/cufw0		Callout device for ttyFW0
2823		 13 = /dev/cufw1		Callout device for ttyFW1
2824		 14 = /dev/cufw2		Callout device for ttyFW2
2825		 15 = /dev/cufw3		Callout device for ttyFW3
2826		 16 = /dev/cuam0		Callout device for ttyAM0
2827		    ...
2828		 31 = /dev/cuam15		Callout device for ttyAM15
2829		 32 = /dev/cudb0		Callout device for ttyDB0
2830		    ...
2831		 39 = /dev/cudb7		Callout device for ttyDB7
2832		 40 = /dev/cusg0		Callout device for ttySG0
2833		 41 = /dev/ttycusmx0		Callout device for ttySMX0
2834		 42 = /dev/ttycusmx1		Callout device for ttySMX1
2835		 43 = /dev/ttycusmx2		Callout device for ttySMX2
2836		 46 = /dev/cucpm0		Callout device for ttyCPM0
2837		    ...
2838		 49 = /dev/cucpm5		Callout device for ttyCPM5
2839		 50 = /dev/cuioc40		Callout device for ttyIOC40
2840		    ...
2841		 81 = /dev/cuioc431		Callout device for ttyIOC431
2842		 82 = /dev/cuvr0		Callout device for ttyVR0
2843		 83 = /dev/cuvr1		Callout device for ttyVR1
2844
2845206 char	OnStream SC-x0 tape devices
2846		  0 = /dev/osst0		First OnStream SCSI tape, mode 0
2847		  1 = /dev/osst1		Second OnStream SCSI tape, mode 0
2848		    ...
2849		 32 = /dev/osst0l		First OnStream SCSI tape, mode 1
2850		 33 = /dev/osst1l		Second OnStream SCSI tape, mode 1
2851		    ...
2852		 64 = /dev/osst0m		First OnStream SCSI tape, mode 2
2853		 65 = /dev/osst1m		Second OnStream SCSI tape, mode 2
2854		    ...
2855		 96 = /dev/osst0a		First OnStream SCSI tape, mode 3
2856		 97 = /dev/osst1a		Second OnStream SCSI tape, mode 3
2857		    ...
2858		128 = /dev/nosst0		No rewind version of /dev/osst0
2859		129 = /dev/nosst1		No rewind version of /dev/osst1
2860		    ...
2861		160 = /dev/nosst0l		No rewind version of /dev/osst0l
2862		161 = /dev/nosst1l		No rewind version of /dev/osst1l
2863		    ...
2864		192 = /dev/nosst0m		No rewind version of /dev/osst0m
2865		193 = /dev/nosst1m		No rewind version of /dev/osst1m
2866		    ...
2867		224 = /dev/nosst0a		No rewind version of /dev/osst0a
2868		225 = /dev/nosst1a		No rewind version of /dev/osst1a
2869		    ...
2870
2871		The OnStream SC-x0 SCSI tapes do not support the
2872		standard SCSI SASD command set and therefore need
2873		their own driver "osst". Note that the IDE, USB (and
2874		maybe ParPort) versions may be driven via ide-scsi or
2875		usb-storage SCSI emulation and this osst device and
2876		driver as well.  The ADR-x0 drives are QIC-157
2877		compliant and don't need osst.
2878
2879207 char	Compaq ProLiant health feature indicate
2880		  0 = /dev/cpqhealth/cpqw	Redirector interface
2881		  1 = /dev/cpqhealth/crom	EISA CROM
2882		  2 = /dev/cpqhealth/cdt	Data Table
2883		  3 = /dev/cpqhealth/cevt	Event Log
2884		  4 = /dev/cpqhealth/casr	Automatic Server Recovery
2885		  5 = /dev/cpqhealth/cecc	ECC Memory
2886		  6 = /dev/cpqhealth/cmca	Machine Check Architecture
2887		  7 = /dev/cpqhealth/ccsm	Deprecated CDT
2888		  8 = /dev/cpqhealth/cnmi	NMI Handling
2889		  9 = /dev/cpqhealth/css	Sideshow Management
2890		 10 = /dev/cpqhealth/cram	CMOS interface
2891		 11 = /dev/cpqhealth/cpci	PCI IRQ interface
2892
2893208 char	User space serial ports
2894		  0 = /dev/ttyU0		First user space serial port
2895		  1 = /dev/ttyU1		Second user space serial port
2896		    ...
2897
2898209 char	User space serial ports (alternate devices)
2899		  0 = /dev/cuu0			Callout device for ttyU0
2900		  1 = /dev/cuu1			Callout device for ttyU1
2901		    ...
2902
2903210 char	SBE, Inc. sync/async serial card
2904		  0 = /dev/sbei/wxcfg0		Configuration device for board 0
2905		  1 = /dev/sbei/dld0		Download device for board 0
2906		  2 = /dev/sbei/wan00		WAN device, port 0, board 0
2907		  3 = /dev/sbei/wan01		WAN device, port 1, board 0
2908		  4 = /dev/sbei/wan02		WAN device, port 2, board 0
2909		  5 = /dev/sbei/wan03		WAN device, port 3, board 0
2910		  6 = /dev/sbei/wanc00		WAN clone device, port 0, board 0
2911		  7 = /dev/sbei/wanc01		WAN clone device, port 1, board 0
2912		  8 = /dev/sbei/wanc02		WAN clone device, port 2, board 0
2913		  9 = /dev/sbei/wanc03		WAN clone device, port 3, board 0
2914		 10 = /dev/sbei/wxcfg1		Configuration device for board 1
2915		 11 = /dev/sbei/dld1		Download device for board 1
2916		 12 = /dev/sbei/wan10		WAN device, port 0, board 1
2917		 13 = /dev/sbei/wan11		WAN device, port 1, board 1
2918		 14 = /dev/sbei/wan12		WAN device, port 2, board 1
2919		 15 = /dev/sbei/wan13		WAN device, port 3, board 1
2920		 16 = /dev/sbei/wanc10		WAN clone device, port 0, board 1
2921		 17 = /dev/sbei/wanc11		WAN clone device, port 1, board 1
2922		 18 = /dev/sbei/wanc12		WAN clone device, port 2, board 1
2923		 19 = /dev/sbei/wanc13		WAN clone device, port 3, board 1
2924		    ...
2925
2926		Yes, each board is really spaced 10 (decimal) apart.
2927
2928211 char	Addinum CPCI1500 digital I/O card
2929		  0 = /dev/addinum/cpci1500/0	First CPCI1500 card
2930		  1 = /dev/addinum/cpci1500/1	Second CPCI1500 card
2931		    ...
2932
2933212 char	LinuxTV.org DVB driver subsystem
2934		  0 = /dev/dvb/adapter0/video0    first video decoder of first card
2935		  1 = /dev/dvb/adapter0/audio0    first audio decoder of first card
2936		  2 = /dev/dvb/adapter0/sec0      (obsolete/unused)
2937		  3 = /dev/dvb/adapter0/frontend0 first frontend device of first card
2938		  4 = /dev/dvb/adapter0/demux0    first demux device of first card
2939		  5 = /dev/dvb/adapter0/dvr0      first digital video recoder device of first card
2940		  6 = /dev/dvb/adapter0/ca0       first common access port of first card
2941		  7 = /dev/dvb/adapter0/net0      first network device of first card
2942		  8 = /dev/dvb/adapter0/osd0      first on-screen-display device of first card
2943		  9 = /dev/dvb/adapter0/video1    second video decoder of first card
2944		    ...
2945		 64 = /dev/dvb/adapter1/video0    first video decoder of second card
2946		    ...
2947		128 = /dev/dvb/adapter2/video0    first video decoder of third card
2948		    ...
2949		196 = /dev/dvb/adapter3/video0    first video decoder of fourth card
2950
2951216 char	Bluetooth RFCOMM TTY devices
2952		  0 = /dev/rfcomm0		First Bluetooth RFCOMM TTY device
2953		  1 = /dev/rfcomm1		Second Bluetooth RFCOMM TTY device
2954		    ...
2955
2956217 char	Bluetooth RFCOMM TTY devices (alternate devices)
2957		  0 = /dev/curf0		Callout device for rfcomm0
2958		  1 = /dev/curf1		Callout device for rfcomm1
2959		    ...
2960
2961218 char	The Logical Company bus Unibus/Qbus adapters
2962		  0 = /dev/logicalco/bci/0	First bus adapter
2963		  1 = /dev/logicalco/bci/1	First bus adapter
2964		    ...
2965
2966219 char	The Logical Company DCI-1300 digital I/O card
2967		  0 = /dev/logicalco/dci1300/0	First DCI-1300 card
2968		  1 = /dev/logicalco/dci1300/1	Second DCI-1300 card
2969		    ...
2970
2971220 char	Myricom Myrinet "GM" board
2972		  0 = /dev/myricom/gm0		First Myrinet GM board
2973		  1 = /dev/myricom/gmp0		First board "root access"
2974		  2 = /dev/myricom/gm1		Second Myrinet GM board
2975		  3 = /dev/myricom/gmp1		Second board "root access"
2976		    ...
2977
2978221 char	VME bus
2979		  0 = /dev/bus/vme/m0		First master image
2980		  1 = /dev/bus/vme/m1		Second master image
2981		  2 = /dev/bus/vme/m2		Third master image
2982		  3 = /dev/bus/vme/m3		Fourth master image
2983		  4 = /dev/bus/vme/s0		First slave image
2984		  5 = /dev/bus/vme/s1		Second slave image
2985		  6 = /dev/bus/vme/s2		Third slave image
2986		  7 = /dev/bus/vme/s3		Fourth slave image
2987		  8 = /dev/bus/vme/ctl		Control
2988
2989		It is expected that all VME bus drivers will use the
2990		same interface.  For interface documentation see
2991		http://www.vmelinux.org/.
2992
2993224 char	A2232 serial card
2994		  0 = /dev/ttyY0		First A2232 port
2995		  1 = /dev/ttyY1		Second A2232 port
2996		    ...
2997
2998225 char	A2232 serial card (alternate devices)
2999		  0 = /dev/cuy0			Callout device for ttyY0
3000		  1 = /dev/cuy1			Callout device for ttyY1
3001		    ...
3002
3003226 char	Direct Rendering Infrastructure (DRI)
3004		  0 = /dev/dri/card0		First graphics card
3005		  1 = /dev/dri/card1		Second graphics card
3006		    ...
3007
3008227 char	IBM 3270 terminal Unix tty access
3009		  1 = /dev/3270/tty1		First 3270 terminal
3010		  2 = /dev/3270/tty2		Seconds 3270 terminal
3011		    ...
3012
3013228 char	IBM 3270 terminal block-mode access
3014		  0 = /dev/3270/tub		Controlling interface
3015		  1 = /dev/3270/tub1		First 3270 terminal
3016		  2 = /dev/3270/tub2		Second 3270 terminal
3017		    ...
3018
3019229 char	IBM iSeries/pSeries virtual console
3020		  0 = /dev/hvc0			First console port
3021		  1 = /dev/hvc1			Second console port
3022		    ...
3023
3024230 char	IBM iSeries virtual tape
3025		  0 = /dev/iseries/vt0		First virtual tape, mode 0
3026		  1 = /dev/iseries/vt1		Second virtual tape, mode 0
3027		    ...
3028		 32 = /dev/iseries/vt0l		First virtual tape, mode 1
3029		 33 = /dev/iseries/vt1l		Second virtual tape, mode 1
3030		    ...
3031		 64 = /dev/iseries/vt0m		First virtual tape, mode 2
3032		 65 = /dev/iseries/vt1m		Second virtual tape, mode 2
3033		    ...
3034		 96 = /dev/iseries/vt0a		First virtual tape, mode 3
3035		 97 = /dev/iseries/vt1a		Second virtual tape, mode 3
3036		      ...
3037		128 = /dev/iseries/nvt0		First virtual tape, mode 0, no rewind
3038		129 = /dev/iseries/nvt1		Second virtual tape, mode 0, no rewind
3039		    ...
3040		160 = /dev/iseries/nvt0l	First virtual tape, mode 1, no rewind
3041		161 = /dev/iseries/nvt1l	Second virtual tape, mode 1, no rewind
3042		    ...
3043		192 = /dev/iseries/nvt0m	First virtual tape, mode 2, no rewind
3044		193 = /dev/iseries/nvt1m	Second virtual tape, mode 2, no rewind
3045		    ...
3046		224 = /dev/iseries/nvt0a	First virtual tape, mode 3, no rewind
3047		225 = /dev/iseries/nvt1a	Second virtual tape, mode 3, no rewind
3048		    ...
3049
3050		"No rewind" refers to the omission of the default
3051		automatic rewind on device close.  The MTREW or MTOFFL
3052		ioctl()'s can be used to rewind the tape regardless of
3053		the device used to access it.
3054
3055231 char	InfiniBand
3056		0 = /dev/infiniband/umad0
3057		1 = /dev/infiniband/umad1
3058		  ...
3059		63 = /dev/infiniband/umad63    63rd InfiniBandMad device
3060		64 = /dev/infiniband/issm0     First InfiniBand IsSM device
3061		65 = /dev/infiniband/issm1     Second InfiniBand IsSM device
3062		  ...
3063		127 = /dev/infiniband/issm63    63rd InfiniBand IsSM device
3064		128 = /dev/infiniband/uverbs0   First InfiniBand verbs device
3065		129 = /dev/infiniband/uverbs1   Second InfiniBand verbs device
3066		  ...
3067		159 = /dev/infiniband/uverbs31  31st InfiniBand verbs device
3068
3069232 char	Biometric Devices
3070		0 = /dev/biometric/sensor0/fingerprint	first fingerprint sensor on first device
3071		1 = /dev/biometric/sensor0/iris		first iris sensor on first device
3072		2 = /dev/biometric/sensor0/retina	first retina sensor on first device
3073		3 = /dev/biometric/sensor0/voiceprint	first voiceprint sensor on first device
3074		4 = /dev/biometric/sensor0/facial	first facial sensor on first device
3075		5 = /dev/biometric/sensor0/hand		first hand sensor on first device
3076		  ...
3077		10 = /dev/biometric/sensor1/fingerprint	first fingerprint sensor on second device
3078		  ...
3079		20 = /dev/biometric/sensor2/fingerprint	first fingerprint sensor on third device
3080		  ...
3081
3082233 char	PathScale InfiniPath interconnect
3083		0 = /dev/ipath        Primary device for programs (any unit)
3084		1 = /dev/ipath0       Access specifically to unit 0
3085		2 = /dev/ipath1       Access specifically to unit 1
3086		  ...
3087		4 = /dev/ipath3       Access specifically to unit 3
3088		129 = /dev/ipath_sma    Device used by Subnet Management Agent
3089		130 = /dev/ipath_diag   Device used by diagnostics programs
3090
3091234-239		UNASSIGNED
3092
3093240-254 char	LOCAL/EXPERIMENTAL USE
3094
3095240-254 block	LOCAL/EXPERIMENTAL USE
3096		Allocated for local/experimental use.  For devices not
3097		assigned official numbers, these ranges should be
3098		used in order to avoid conflicting with future assignments.
3099
3100255 char	RESERVED
3101
3102255 block	RESERVED
3103
3104		This major is reserved to assist the expansion to a
3105		larger number space.  No device nodes with this major
3106		should ever be created on the filesystem.
3107		(This is probably not true anymore, but I'll leave it
3108		for now /Torben)
3109
3110---LARGE MAJORS!!!!!---
3111
3112256 char	Equinox SST multi-port serial boards
3113		   0 = /dev/ttyEQ0	First serial port on first Equinox SST board
3114		 127 = /dev/ttyEQ127	Last serial port on first Equinox SST board
3115		 128 = /dev/ttyEQ128	First serial port on second Equinox SST board
3116		  ...
3117		1027 = /dev/ttyEQ1027	Last serial port on eighth Equinox SST board
3118
3119256 block	Resident Flash Disk Flash Translation Layer
3120		  0 = /dev/rfda		First RFD FTL layer
3121		 16 = /dev/rfdb		Second RFD FTL layer
3122		  ...
3123		240 = /dev/rfdp		16th RFD FTL layer
3124
3125257 char	Phoenix Technologies Cryptographic Services Driver
3126		  0 = /dev/ptlsec	Crypto Services Driver
3127
3128257 block	SSFDC Flash Translation Layer filesystem
3129		  0 = /dev/ssfdca	First SSFDC layer
3130		  8 = /dev/ssfdcb	Second SSFDC layer
3131		 16 = /dev/ssfdcc	Third SSFDC layer
3132		 24 = /dev/ssfdcd	4th SSFDC layer
3133		 32 = /dev/ssfdce	5th SSFDC layer
3134		 40 = /dev/ssfdcf	6th SSFDC layer
3135		 48 = /dev/ssfdcg	7th SSFDC layer
3136		 56 = /dev/ssfdch	8th SSFDC layer
3137
3138258 block	ROM/Flash read-only translation layer
3139		  0 = /dev/blockrom0	First ROM card's translation layer interface
3140		  1 = /dev/blockrom1	Second ROM card's translation layer interface
3141		  ...
3142
3143259 block	Block Extended Major
3144		  Used dynamically to hold additional partition minor
3145		  numbers and allow large numbers of partitions per device
3146
3147259 char	FPGA configuration interfaces
3148		  0 = /dev/icap0	First Xilinx internal configuration
3149		  1 = /dev/icap1	Second Xilinx internal configuration
3150
3151260 char	OSD (Object-based-device) SCSI Device
3152		  0 = /dev/osd0		First OSD Device
3153		  1 = /dev/osd1		Second OSD Device
3154		  ...
3155		  255 = /dev/osd255	256th OSD Device
3156
3157 ****	ADDITIONAL /dev DIRECTORY ENTRIES
3158
3159This section details additional entries that should or may exist in
3160the /dev directory.  It is preferred that symbolic links use the same
3161form (absolute or relative) as is indicated here.  Links are
3162classified as "hard" or "symbolic" depending on the preferred type of
3163link; if possible, the indicated type of link should be used.
3164
3165
3166	Compulsory links
3167
3168These links should exist on all systems:
3169
3170/dev/fd		/proc/self/fd	symbolic	File descriptors
3171/dev/stdin	fd/0		symbolic	stdin file descriptor
3172/dev/stdout	fd/1		symbolic	stdout file descriptor
3173/dev/stderr	fd/2		symbolic	stderr file descriptor
3174/dev/nfsd	socksys		symbolic	Required by iBCS-2
3175/dev/X0R	null		symbolic	Required by iBCS-2
3176
3177Note: /dev/X0R is <letter X>-<digit 0>-<letter R>.
3178
3179	Recommended links
3180
3181It is recommended that these links exist on all systems:
3182
3183/dev/core	/proc/kcore	symbolic	Backward compatibility
3184/dev/ramdisk	ram0		symbolic	Backward compatibility
3185/dev/ftape	qft0		symbolic	Backward compatibility
3186/dev/bttv0	video0		symbolic	Backward compatibility
3187/dev/radio	radio0		symbolic	Backward compatibility
3188/dev/i2o*	/dev/i2o/*	symbolic	Backward compatibility
3189/dev/scd?	sr?		hard		Alternate SCSI CD-ROM name
3190
3191	Locally defined links
3192
3193The following links may be established locally to conform to the
3194configuration of the system.  This is merely a tabulation of existing
3195practice, and does not constitute a recommendation.  However, if they
3196exist, they should have the following uses.
3197
3198/dev/mouse	mouse port	symbolic	Current mouse device
3199/dev/tape	tape device	symbolic	Current tape device
3200/dev/cdrom	CD-ROM device	symbolic	Current CD-ROM device
3201/dev/cdwriter	CD-writer	symbolic	Current CD-writer device
3202/dev/scanner	scanner		symbolic	Current scanner device
3203/dev/modem	modem port	symbolic	Current dialout device
3204/dev/root	root device	symbolic	Current root filesystem
3205/dev/swap	swap device	symbolic	Current swap device
3206
3207/dev/modem should not be used for a modem which supports dialin as
3208well as dialout, as it tends to cause lock file problems.  If it
3209exists, /dev/modem should point to the appropriate primary TTY device
3210(the use of the alternate callout devices is deprecated).
3211
3212For SCSI devices, /dev/tape and /dev/cdrom should point to the
3213``cooked'' devices (/dev/st* and /dev/sr*, respectively), whereas
3214/dev/cdwriter and /dev/scanner should point to the appropriate generic
3215SCSI devices (/dev/sg*).
3216
3217/dev/mouse may point to a primary serial TTY device, a hardware mouse
3218device, or a socket for a mouse driver program (e.g. /dev/gpmdata).
3219
3220	Sockets and pipes
3221
3222Non-transient sockets and named pipes may exist in /dev.  Common entries are:
3223
3224/dev/printer	socket		lpd local socket
3225/dev/log	socket		syslog local socket
3226/dev/gpmdata	socket		gpm mouse multiplexer
3227
3228	Mount points
3229
3230The following names are reserved for mounting special filesystems
3231under /dev.  These special filesystems provide kernel interfaces that
3232cannot be provided with standard device nodes.
3233
3234/dev/pts	devpts		PTY slave filesystem
3235/dev/shm	tmpfs		POSIX shared memory maintenance access
3236
3237 ****	TERMINAL DEVICES
3238
3239Terminal, or TTY devices are a special class of character devices.  A
3240terminal device is any device that could act as a controlling terminal
3241for a session; this includes virtual consoles, serial ports, and
3242pseudoterminals (PTYs).
3243
3244All terminal devices share a common set of capabilities known as line
3245disciplines; these include the common terminal line discipline as well
3246as SLIP and PPP modes.
3247
3248All terminal devices are named similarly; this section explains the
3249naming and use of the various types of TTYs.  Note that the naming
3250conventions include several historical warts; some of these are
3251Linux-specific, some were inherited from other systems, and some
3252reflect Linux outgrowing a borrowed convention.
3253
3254A hash mark (#) in a device name is used here to indicate a decimal
3255number without leading zeroes.
3256
3257	Virtual consoles and the console device
3258
3259Virtual consoles are full-screen terminal displays on the system video
3260monitor.  Virtual consoles are named /dev/tty#, with numbering
3261starting at /dev/tty1; /dev/tty0 is the current virtual console.
3262/dev/tty0 is the device that should be used to access the system video
3263card on those architectures for which the frame buffer devices
3264(/dev/fb*) are not applicable.	Do not use /dev/console
3265for this purpose.
3266
3267The console device, /dev/console, is the device to which system
3268messages should be sent, and on which logins should be permitted in
3269single-user mode.  Starting with Linux 2.1.71, /dev/console is managed
3270by the kernel; for previous versions it should be a symbolic link to
3271either /dev/tty0, a specific virtual console such as /dev/tty1, or to
3272a serial port primary (tty*, not cu*) device, depending on the
3273configuration of the system.
3274
3275	Serial ports
3276
3277Serial ports are RS-232 serial ports and any device which simulates
3278one, either in hardware (such as internal modems) or in software (such
3279as the ISDN driver.)  Under Linux, each serial ports has two device
3280names, the primary or callin device and the alternate or callout one.
3281Each kind of device is indicated by a different letter.	 For any
3282letter X, the names of the devices are /dev/ttyX# and /dev/cux#,
3283respectively; for historical reasons, /dev/ttyS# and /dev/ttyC#
3284correspond to /dev/cua# and /dev/cub#.	In the future, it should be
3285expected that multiple letters will be used; all letters will be upper
3286case for the "tty" device (e.g. /dev/ttyDP#) and lower case for the
3287"cu" device (e.g. /dev/cudp#).
3288
3289The names /dev/ttyQ# and /dev/cuq# are reserved for local use.
3290
3291The alternate devices provide for kernel-based exclusion and somewhat
3292different defaults than the primary devices.  Their main purpose is to
3293allow the use of serial ports with programs with no inherent or broken
3294support for serial ports.  Their use is deprecated, and they may be
3295removed from a future version of Linux.
3296
3297Arbitration of serial ports is provided by the use of lock files with
3298the names /var/lock/LCK..ttyX#.	 The contents of the lock file should
3299be the PID of the locking process as an ASCII number.
3300
3301It is common practice to install links such as /dev/modem
3302which point to serial ports.  In order to ensure proper locking in the
3303presence of these links, it is recommended that software chase
3304symlinks and lock all possible names; additionally, it is recommended
3305that a lock file be installed with the corresponding alternate
3306device.	 In order to avoid deadlocks, it is recommended that the locks
3307are acquired in the following order, and released in the reverse:
3308
3309	1. The symbolic link name, if any (/var/lock/LCK..modem)
3310	2. The "tty" name (/var/lock/LCK..ttyS2)
3311	3. The alternate device name (/var/lock/LCK..cua2)
3312
3313In the case of nested symbolic links, the lock files should be
3314installed in the order the symlinks are resolved.
3315
3316Under no circumstances should an application hold a lock while waiting
3317for another to be released.  In addition, applications which attempt
3318to create lock files for the corresponding alternate device names
3319should take into account the possibility of being used on a non-serial
3320port TTY, for which no alternate device would exist.
3321
3322	Pseudoterminals (PTYs)
3323
3324Pseudoterminals, or PTYs, are used to create login sessions or provide
3325other capabilities requiring a TTY line discipline (including SLIP or
3326PPP capability) to arbitrary data-generation processes.	 Each PTY has
3327a master side, named /dev/pty[p-za-e][0-9a-f], and a slave side, named
3328/dev/tty[p-za-e][0-9a-f].  The kernel arbitrates the use of PTYs by
3329allowing each master side to be opened only once.
3330
3331Once the master side has been opened, the corresponding slave device
3332can be used in the same manner as any TTY device.  The master and
3333slave devices are connected by the kernel, generating the equivalent
3334of a bidirectional pipe with TTY capabilities.
3335
3336Recent versions of the Linux kernels and GNU libc contain support for
3337the System V/Unix98 naming scheme for PTYs, which assigns a common
3338device, /dev/ptmx, to all the masters (opening it will automatically
3339give you a previously unassigned PTY) and a subdirectory, /dev/pts,
3340for the slaves; the slaves are named with decimal integers (/dev/pts/#
3341in our notation).  This removes the problem of exhausting the
3342namespace and enables the kernel to automatically create the device
3343nodes for the slaves on demand using the "devpts" filesystem.
3344
3345