xref: /kernel/mutex.c

/*
 * kernel/mutex.c
 *
 * Mutexes: blocking mutual exclusion locks
 *
 * Started by Ingo Molnar:
 *
 *  Copyright (C) 2004, 2005, 2006 Red Hat, Inc., Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
 *
 * Many thanks to Arjan van de Ven, Thomas Gleixner, Steven Rostedt and
 * David Howells for suggestions and improvements.
 *
 *  - Adaptive spinning for mutexes by Peter Zijlstra. (Ported to mainline
 *    from the -rt tree, where it was originally implemented for rtmutexes
 *    by Steven Rostedt, based on work by Gregory Haskins, Peter Morreale
 *    and Sven Dietrich.
 *
 * Also see Documentation/mutex-design.txt.
 */
#include <linux/mutex.h>
#include <linux/sched.h>
#include <linux/sched/rt.h>
#include <linux/export.h>
#include <linux/spinlock.h>
#include <linux/interrupt.h>
#include <linux/debug_locks.h>

/*
 * In the DEBUG case we are using the "NULL fastpath" for mutexes,
 * which forces all calls into the slowpath:
 */
#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_MUTEXES
# include "mutex-debug.h"
# include <asm-generic/mutex-null.h>
#else
# include "mutex.h"
# include <asm/mutex.h>
#endif

/*
 * A negative mutex count indicates that waiters are sleeping waiting for the
 * mutex.
 */
#define	MUTEX_SHOW_NO_WAITER(mutex)	(atomic_read(&(mutex)->count) >= 0)

void
__mutex_init(struct mutex *lock, const char *name, struct lock_class_key *key)
{
	atomic_set(&lock->count, 1);
	spin_lock_init(&lock->wait_lock);
	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&lock->wait_list);
	mutex_clear_owner(lock);
#ifdef CONFIG_MUTEX_SPIN_ON_OWNER
	lock->spin_mlock = NULL;
#endif

	debug_mutex_init(lock, name, key);
}

EXPORT_SYMBOL(__mutex_init);

#ifndef CONFIG_DEBUG_LOCK_ALLOC
/*
 * We split the mutex lock/unlock logic into separate fastpath and
 * slowpath functions, to reduce the register pressure on the fastpath.
 * We also put the fastpath first in the kernel image, to make sure the
 * branch is predicted by the CPU as default-untaken.
 */
static __used noinline void __sched
__mutex_lock_slowpath(atomic_t *lock_count);

/**
 * mutex_lock - acquire the mutex
 * @lock: the mutex to be acquired
 *
 * Lock the mutex exclusively for this task. If the mutex is not
 * available right now, it will sleep until it can get it.
 *
 * The mutex must later on be released by the same task that
 * acquired it. Recursive locking is not allowed. The task
 * may not exit without first unlocking the mutex. Also, kernel
 * memory where the mutex resides mutex must not be freed with
 * the mutex still locked. The mutex must first be initialized
 * (or statically defined) before it can be locked. memset()-ing
 * the mutex to 0 is not allowed.
 *
 * ( The CONFIG_DEBUG_MUTEXES .config option turns on debugging
 *   checks that will enforce the restrictions and will also do
 *   deadlock debugging. )
 *
 * This function is similar to (but not equivalent to) down().
 */
void __sched mutex_lock(struct mutex *lock)
{
	might_sleep();
	/*
	 * The locking fastpath is the 1->0 transition from
	 * 'unlocked' into 'locked' state.
	 */
	__mutex_fastpath_lock(&lock->count, __mutex_lock_slowpath);
	mutex_set_owner(lock);
}

EXPORT_SYMBOL(mutex_lock);
#endif

#ifdef CONFIG_MUTEX_SPIN_ON_OWNER
/*
 * In order to avoid a stampede of mutex spinners from acquiring the mutex
 * more or less simultaneously, the spinners need to acquire a MCS lock
 * first before spinning on the owner field.
 *
 * We don't inline mspin_lock() so that perf can correctly account for the
 * time spent in this lock function.
 */
struct mspin_node {
	struct mspin_node *next ;
	int		  locked;	/* 1 if lock acquired */
};
#define	MLOCK(mutex)	((struct mspin_node **)&((mutex)->spin_mlock))

static noinline
void mspin_lock(struct mspin_node **lock, struct mspin_node *node)
{
	struct mspin_node *prev;

	/* Init node */
	node->locked = 0;
	node->next   = NULL;

	prev = xchg(lock, node);
	if (likely(prev == NULL)) {
		/* Lock acquired */
		node->locked = 1;
		return;
	}
	ACCESS_ONCE(prev->next) = node;
	smp_wmb();
	/* Wait until the lock holder passes the lock down */
	while (!ACCESS_ONCE(node->locked))
		arch_mutex_cpu_relax();
}

static void mspin_unlock(struct mspin_node **lock, struct mspin_node *node)
{
	struct mspin_node *next = ACCESS_ONCE(node->next);

	if (likely(!next)) {
		/*
		 * Release the lock by setting it to NULL
		 */
		if (cmpxchg(lock, node, NULL) == node)
			return;
		/* Wait until the next pointer is set */
		while (!(next = ACCESS_ONCE(node->next)))
			arch_mutex_cpu_relax();
	}
	ACCESS_ONCE(next->locked) = 1;
	smp_wmb();
}

/*
 * Mutex spinning code migrated from kernel/sched/core.c
 */

static inline bool owner_running(struct mutex *lock, struct task_struct *owner)
{
	if (lock->owner != owner)
		return false;

	/*
	 * Ensure we emit the owner->on_cpu, dereference _after_ checking
	 * lock->owner still matches owner, if that fails, owner might
	 * point to free()d memory, if it still matches, the rcu_read_lock()
	 * ensures the memory stays valid.
	 */
	barrier();

	return owner->on_cpu;
}

/*
 * Look out! "owner" is an entirely speculative pointer
 * access and not reliable.
 */
static noinline
int mutex_spin_on_owner(struct mutex *lock, struct task_struct *owner)
{
	rcu_read_lock();
	while (owner_running(lock, owner)) {
		if (need_resched())
			break;

		arch_mutex_cpu_relax();
	}
	rcu_read_unlock();

	/*
	 * We break out the loop above on need_resched() and when the
	 * owner changed, which is a sign for heavy contention. Return
	 * success only when lock->owner is NULL.
	 */
	return lock->owner == NULL;
}

/*
 * Initial check for entering the mutex spinning loop
 */
static inline int mutex_can_spin_on_owner(struct mutex *lock)
{
	int retval = 1;

	rcu_read_lock();
	if (lock->owner)
		retval = lock->owner->on_cpu;
	rcu_read_unlock();
	/*
	 * if lock->owner is not set, the mutex owner may have just acquired
	 * it and not set the owner yet or the mutex has been released.
	 */
	return retval;
}
#endif

static __used noinline void __sched __mutex_unlock_slowpath(atomic_t *lock_count);

/**
 * mutex_unlock - release the mutex
 * @lock: the mutex to be released
 *
 * Unlock a mutex that has been locked by this task previously.
 *
 * This function must not be used in interrupt context. Unlocking
 * of a not locked mutex is not allowed.
 *
 * This function is similar to (but not equivalent to) up().
 */
void __sched mutex_unlock(struct mutex *lock)
{
	/*
	 * The unlocking fastpath is the 0->1 transition from 'locked'
	 * into 'unlocked' state:
	 */
#ifndef CONFIG_DEBUG_MUTEXES
	/*
	 * When debugging is enabled we must not clear the owner before time,
	 * the slow path will always be taken, and that clears the owner field
	 * after verifying that it was indeed current.
	 */
	mutex_clear_owner(lock);
#endif
	__mutex_fastpath_unlock(&lock->count, __mutex_unlock_slowpath);
}

EXPORT_SYMBOL(mutex_unlock);

/*
 * Lock a mutex (possibly interruptible), slowpath:
 */
static inline int __sched
__mutex_lock_common(struct mutex *lock, long state, unsigned int subclass,
		    struct lockdep_map *nest_lock, unsigned long ip)
{
	struct task_struct *task = current;
	struct mutex_waiter waiter;
	unsigned long flags;

	preempt_disable();
	mutex_acquire_nest(&lock->dep_map, subclass, 0, nest_lock, ip);

#ifdef CONFIG_MUTEX_SPIN_ON_OWNER
	/*
	 * Optimistic spinning.
	 *
	 * We try to spin for acquisition when we find that there are no
	 * pending waiters and the lock owner is currently running on a
	 * (different) CPU.
	 *
	 * The rationale is that if the lock owner is running, it is likely to
	 * release the lock soon.
	 *
	 * Since this needs the lock owner, and this mutex implementation
	 * doesn't track the owner atomically in the lock field, we need to
	 * track it non-atomically.
	 *
	 * We can't do this for DEBUG_MUTEXES because that relies on wait_lock
	 * to serialize everything.
	 *
	 * The mutex spinners are queued up using MCS lock so that only one
	 * spinner can compete for the mutex. However, if mutex spinning isn't
	 * going to happen, there is no point in going through the lock/unlock
	 * overhead.
	 */
	if (!mutex_can_spin_on_owner(lock))
		goto slowpath;

	for (;;) {
		struct task_struct *owner;
		struct mspin_node  node;

		/*
		 * If there's an owner, wait for it to either
		 * release the lock or go to sleep.
		 */
		mspin_lock(MLOCK(lock), &node);
		owner = ACCESS_ONCE(lock->owner);
		if (owner && !mutex_spin_on_owner(lock, owner)) {
			mspin_unlock(MLOCK(lock), &node);
			break;
		}

		if ((atomic_read(&lock->count) == 1) &&
		    (atomic_cmpxchg(&lock->count, 1, 0) == 1)) {
			lock_acquired(&lock->dep_map, ip);
			mutex_set_owner(lock);
			mspin_unlock(MLOCK(lock), &node);
			preempt_enable();
			return 0;
		}
		mspin_unlock(MLOCK(lock), &node);

		/*
		 * When there's no owner, we might have preempted between the
		 * owner acquiring the lock and setting the owner field. If
		 * we're an RT task that will live-lock because we won't let
		 * the owner complete.
		 */
		if (!owner && (need_resched() || rt_task(task)))
			break;

		/*
		 * The cpu_relax() call is a compiler barrier which forces
		 * everything in this loop to be re-loaded. We don't need
		 * memory barriers as we'll eventually observe the right
		 * values at the cost of a few extra spins.
		 */
		arch_mutex_cpu_relax();
	}
slowpath:
#endif
	spin_lock_mutex(&lock->wait_lock, flags);

	debug_mutex_lock_common(lock, &waiter);
	debug_mutex_add_waiter(lock, &waiter, task_thread_info(task));

	/* add waiting tasks to the end of the waitqueue (FIFO): */
	list_add_tail(&waiter.list, &lock->wait_list);
	waiter.task = task;

	if (MUTEX_SHOW_NO_WAITER(lock) && (atomic_xchg(&lock->count, -1) == 1))
		goto done;

	lock_contended(&lock->dep_map, ip);

	for (;;) {
		/*
		 * Lets try to take the lock again - this is needed even if
		 * we get here for the first time (shortly after failing to
		 * acquire the lock), to make sure that we get a wakeup once
		 * it's unlocked. Later on, if we sleep, this is the
		 * operation that gives us the lock. We xchg it to -1, so
		 * that when we release the lock, we properly wake up the
		 * other waiters:
		 */
		if (MUTEX_SHOW_NO_WAITER(lock) &&
		   (atomic_xchg(&lock->count, -1) == 1))
			break;

		/*
		 * got a signal? (This code gets eliminated in the
		 * TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE case.)
		 */
		if (unlikely(signal_pending_state(state, task))) {
			mutex_remove_waiter(lock, &waiter,
					    task_thread_info(task));
			mutex_release(&lock->dep_map, 1, ip);
			spin_unlock_mutex(&lock->wait_lock, flags);

			debug_mutex_free_waiter(&waiter);
			preempt_enable();
			return -EINTR;
		}
		__set_task_state(task, state);

		/* didn't get the lock, go to sleep: */
		spin_unlock_mutex(&lock->wait_lock, flags);
		schedule_preempt_disabled();
		spin_lock_mutex(&lock->wait_lock, flags);
	}

done:
	lock_acquired(&lock->dep_map, ip);
	/* got the lock - rejoice! */
	mutex_remove_waiter(lock, &waiter, current_thread_info());
	mutex_set_owner(lock);

	/* set it to 0 if there are no waiters left: */
	if (likely(list_empty(&lock->wait_list)))
		atomic_set(&lock->count, 0);

	spin_unlock_mutex(&lock->wait_lock, flags);

	debug_mutex_free_waiter(&waiter);
	preempt_enable();

	return 0;
}

#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_LOCK_ALLOC
void __sched
mutex_lock_nested(struct mutex *lock, unsigned int subclass)
{
	might_sleep();
	__mutex_lock_common(lock, TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE, subclass, NULL, _RET_IP_);
}

EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(mutex_lock_nested);

void __sched
_mutex_lock_nest_lock(struct mutex *lock, struct lockdep_map *nest)
{
	might_sleep();
	__mutex_lock_common(lock, TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE, 0, nest, _RET_IP_);
}

EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(_mutex_lock_nest_lock);

int __sched
mutex_lock_killable_nested(struct mutex *lock, unsigned int subclass)
{
	might_sleep();
	return __mutex_lock_common(lock, TASK_KILLABLE, subclass, NULL, _RET_IP_);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(mutex_lock_killable_nested);

int __sched
mutex_lock_interruptible_nested(struct mutex *lock, unsigned int subclass)
{
	might_sleep();
	return __mutex_lock_common(lock, TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE,
				   subclass, NULL, _RET_IP_);
}

EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(mutex_lock_interruptible_nested);
#endif

/*
 * Release the lock, slowpath:
 */
static inline void
__mutex_unlock_common_slowpath(atomic_t *lock_count, int nested)
{
	struct mutex *lock = container_of(lock_count, struct mutex, count);
	unsigned long flags;

	spin_lock_mutex(&lock->wait_lock, flags);
	mutex_release(&lock->dep_map, nested, _RET_IP_);
	debug_mutex_unlock(lock);

	/*
	 * some architectures leave the lock unlocked in the fastpath failure
	 * case, others need to leave it locked. In the later case we have to
	 * unlock it here
	 */
	if (__mutex_slowpath_needs_to_unlock())
		atomic_set(&lock->count, 1);

	if (!list_empty(&lock->wait_list)) {
		/* get the first entry from the wait-list: */
		struct mutex_waiter *waiter =
				list_entry(lock->wait_list.next,
					   struct mutex_waiter, list);

		debug_mutex_wake_waiter(lock, waiter);

		wake_up_process(waiter->task);
	}

	spin_unlock_mutex(&lock->wait_lock, flags);
}

/*
 * Release the lock, slowpath:
 */
static __used noinline void
__mutex_unlock_slowpath(atomic_t *lock_count)
{
	__mutex_unlock_common_slowpath(lock_count, 1);
}

#ifndef CONFIG_DEBUG_LOCK_ALLOC
/*
 * Here come the less common (and hence less performance-critical) APIs:
 * mutex_lock_interruptible() and mutex_trylock().
 */
static noinline int __sched
__mutex_lock_killable_slowpath(atomic_t *lock_count);

static noinline int __sched
__mutex_lock_interruptible_slowpath(atomic_t *lock_count);

/**
 * mutex_lock_interruptible - acquire the mutex, interruptible
 * @lock: the mutex to be acquired
 *
 * Lock the mutex like mutex_lock(), and return 0 if the mutex has
 * been acquired or sleep until the mutex becomes available. If a
 * signal arrives while waiting for the lock then this function
 * returns -EINTR.
 *
 * This function is similar to (but not equivalent to) down_interruptible().
 */
int __sched mutex_lock_interruptible(struct mutex *lock)
{
	int ret;

	might_sleep();
	ret =  __mutex_fastpath_lock_retval
			(&lock->count, __mutex_lock_interruptible_slowpath);
	if (!ret)
		mutex_set_owner(lock);

	return ret;
}

EXPORT_SYMBOL(mutex_lock_interruptible);

int __sched mutex_lock_killable(struct mutex *lock)
{
	int ret;

	might_sleep();
	ret = __mutex_fastpath_lock_retval
			(&lock->count, __mutex_lock_killable_slowpath);
	if (!ret)
		mutex_set_owner(lock);

	return ret;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(mutex_lock_killable);

static __used noinline void __sched
__mutex_lock_slowpath(atomic_t *lock_count)
{
	struct mutex *lock = container_of(lock_count, struct mutex, count);

	__mutex_lock_common(lock, TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE, 0, NULL, _RET_IP_);
}

static noinline int __sched
__mutex_lock_killable_slowpath(atomic_t *lock_count)
{
	struct mutex *lock = container_of(lock_count, struct mutex, count);

	return __mutex_lock_common(lock, TASK_KILLABLE, 0, NULL, _RET_IP_);
}

static noinline int __sched
__mutex_lock_interruptible_slowpath(atomic_t *lock_count)
{
	struct mutex *lock = container_of(lock_count, struct mutex, count);

	return __mutex_lock_common(lock, TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE, 0, NULL, _RET_IP_);
}
#endif

/*
 * Spinlock based trylock, we take the spinlock and check whether we
 * can get the lock:
 */
static inline int __mutex_trylock_slowpath(atomic_t *lock_count)
{
	struct mutex *lock = container_of(lock_count, struct mutex, count);
	unsigned long flags;
	int prev;

	spin_lock_mutex(&lock->wait_lock, flags);

	prev = atomic_xchg(&lock->count, -1);
	if (likely(prev == 1)) {
		mutex_set_owner(lock);
		mutex_acquire(&lock->dep_map, 0, 1, _RET_IP_);
	}

	/* Set it back to 0 if there are no waiters: */
	if (likely(list_empty(&lock->wait_list)))
		atomic_set(&lock->count, 0);

	spin_unlock_mutex(&lock->wait_lock, flags);

	return prev == 1;
}

/**
 * mutex_trylock - try to acquire the mutex, without waiting
 * @lock: the mutex to be acquired
 *
 * Try to acquire the mutex atomically. Returns 1 if the mutex
 * has been acquired successfully, and 0 on contention.
 *
 * NOTE: this function follows the spin_trylock() convention, so
 * it is negated from the down_trylock() return values! Be careful
 * about this when converting semaphore users to mutexes.
 *
 * This function must not be used in interrupt context. The
 * mutex must be released by the same task that acquired it.
 */
int __sched mutex_trylock(struct mutex *lock)
{
	int ret;

	ret = __mutex_fastpath_trylock(&lock->count, __mutex_trylock_slowpath);
	if (ret)
		mutex_set_owner(lock);

	return ret;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(mutex_trylock);

/**
 * atomic_dec_and_mutex_lock - return holding mutex if we dec to 0
 * @cnt: the atomic which we are to dec
 * @lock: the mutex to return holding if we dec to 0
 *
 * return true and hold lock if we dec to 0, return false otherwise
 */
int atomic_dec_and_mutex_lock(atomic_t *cnt, struct mutex *lock)
{
	/* dec if we can't possibly hit 0 */
	if (atomic_add_unless(cnt, -1, 1))
		return 0;
	/* we might hit 0, so take the lock */
	mutex_lock(lock);
	if (!atomic_dec_and_test(cnt)) {
		/* when we actually did the dec, we didn't hit 0 */
		mutex_unlock(lock);
		return 0;
	}
	/* we hit 0, and we hold the lock */
	return 1;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(atomic_dec_and_mutex_lock);