1 SCSI FC Tansport 2 ============================================= 3 4Date: 11/18/2008 5Kernel Revisions for features: 6 rports : <<TBS>> 7 vports : 2.6.22 8 bsg support : 2.6.30 (?TBD?) 9 10 11Introduction 12============ 13This file documents the features and components of the SCSI FC Transport. 14It also provides documents the API between the transport and FC LLDDs. 15The FC transport can be found at: 16 drivers/scsi/scsi_transport_fc.c 17 include/scsi/scsi_transport_fc.h 18 include/scsi/scsi_netlink_fc.h 19 include/scsi/scsi_bsg_fc.h 20 21This file is found at Documentation/scsi/scsi_fc_transport.txt 22 23 24FC Remote Ports (rports) 25======================================================================== 26<< To Be Supplied >> 27 28 29FC Virtual Ports (vports) 30======================================================================== 31 32Overview: 33------------------------------- 34 35 New FC standards have defined mechanisms which allows for a single physical 36 port to appear on as multiple communication ports. Using the N_Port Id 37 Virtualization (NPIV) mechanism, a point-to-point connection to a Fabric 38 can be assigned more than 1 N_Port_ID. Each N_Port_ID appears as a 39 separate port to other endpoints on the fabric, even though it shares one 40 physical link to the switch for communication. Each N_Port_ID can have a 41 unique view of the fabric based on fabric zoning and array lun-masking 42 (just like a normal non-NPIV adapter). Using the Virtual Fabric (VF) 43 mechanism, adding a fabric header to each frame allows the port to 44 interact with the Fabric Port to join multiple fabrics. The port will 45 obtain an N_Port_ID on each fabric it joins. Each fabric will have its 46 own unique view of endpoints and configuration parameters. NPIV may be 47 used together with VF so that the port can obtain multiple N_Port_IDs 48 on each virtual fabric. 49 50 The FC transport is now recognizing a new object - a vport. A vport is 51 an entity that has a world-wide unique World Wide Port Name (wwpn) and 52 World Wide Node Name (wwnn). The transport also allows for the FC4's to 53 be specified for the vport, with FCP_Initiator being the primary role 54 expected. Once instantiated by one of the above methods, it will have a 55 distinct N_Port_ID and view of fabric endpoints and storage entities. 56 The fc_host associated with the physical adapter will export the ability 57 to create vports. The transport will create the vport object within the 58 Linux device tree, and instruct the fc_host's driver to instantiate the 59 virtual port. Typically, the driver will create a new scsi_host instance 60 on the vport, resulting in a unique <H,C,T,L> namespace for the vport. 61 Thus, whether a FC port is based on a physical port or on a virtual port, 62 each will appear as a unique scsi_host with its own target and lun space. 63 64 Note: At this time, the transport is written to create only NPIV-based 65 vports. However, consideration was given to VF-based vports and it 66 should be a minor change to add support if needed. The remaining 67 discussion will concentrate on NPIV. 68 69 Note: World Wide Name assignment (and uniqueness guarantees) are left 70 up to an administrative entity controlling the vport. For example, 71 if vports are to be associated with virtual machines, a XEN mgmt 72 utility would be responsible for creating wwpn/wwnn's for the vport, 73 using its own naming authority and OUI. (Note: it already does this 74 for virtual MAC addresses). 75 76 77Device Trees and Vport Objects: 78------------------------------- 79 80 Today, the device tree typically contains the scsi_host object, 81 with rports and scsi target objects underneath it. Currently the FC 82 transport creates the vport object and places it under the scsi_host 83 object corresponding to the physical adapter. The LLDD will allocate 84 a new scsi_host for the vport and link its object under the vport. 85 The remainder of the tree under the vports scsi_host is the same 86 as the non-NPIV case. The transport is written currently to easily 87 allow the parent of the vport to be something other than the scsi_host. 88 This could be used in the future to link the object onto a vm-specific 89 device tree. If the vport's parent is not the physical port's scsi_host, 90 a symbolic link to the vport object will be placed in the physical 91 port's scsi_host. 92 93 Here's what to expect in the device tree : 94 The typical Physical Port's Scsi_Host: 95 /sys/devices/.../host17/ 96 and it has the typical descendant tree: 97 /sys/devices/.../host17/rport-17:0-0/target17:0:0/17:0:0:0: 98 and then the vport is created on the Physical Port: 99 /sys/devices/.../host17/vport-17:0-0 100 and the vport's Scsi_Host is then created: 101 /sys/devices/.../host17/vport-17:0-0/host18 102 and then the rest of the tree progresses, such as: 103 /sys/devices/.../host17/vport-17:0-0/host18/rport-18:0-0/target18:0:0/18:0:0:0: 104 105 Here's what to expect in the sysfs tree : 106 scsi_hosts: 107 /sys/class/scsi_host/host17 physical port's scsi_host 108 /sys/class/scsi_host/host18 vport's scsi_host 109 fc_hosts: 110 /sys/class/fc_host/host17 physical port's fc_host 111 /sys/class/fc_host/host18 vport's fc_host 112 fc_vports: 113 /sys/class/fc_vports/vport-17:0-0 the vport's fc_vport 114 fc_rports: 115 /sys/class/fc_remote_ports/rport-17:0-0 rport on the physical port 116 /sys/class/fc_remote_ports/rport-18:0-0 rport on the vport 117 118 119Vport Attributes: 120------------------------------- 121 122 The new fc_vport class object has the following attributes 123 124 node_name: Read_Only 125 The WWNN of the vport 126 127 port_name: Read_Only 128 The WWPN of the vport 129 130 roles: Read_Only 131 Indicates the FC4 roles enabled on the vport. 132 133 symbolic_name: Read_Write 134 A string, appended to the driver's symbolic port name string, which 135 is registered with the switch to identify the vport. For example, 136 a hypervisor could set this string to "Xen Domain 2 VM 5 Vport 2", 137 and this set of identifiers can be seen on switch management screens 138 to identify the port. 139 140 vport_delete: Write_Only 141 When written with a "1", will tear down the vport. 142 143 vport_disable: Write_Only 144 When written with a "1", will transition the vport to a disabled. 145 state. The vport will still be instantiated with the Linux kernel, 146 but it will not be active on the FC link. 147 When written with a "0", will enable the vport. 148 149 vport_last_state: Read_Only 150 Indicates the previous state of the vport. See the section below on 151 "Vport States". 152 153 vport_state: Read_Only 154 Indicates the state of the vport. See the section below on 155 "Vport States". 156 157 vport_type: Read_Only 158 Reflects the FC mechanism used to create the virtual port. 159 Only NPIV is supported currently. 160 161 162 For the fc_host class object, the following attributes are added for vports: 163 164 max_npiv_vports: Read_Only 165 Indicates the maximum number of NPIV-based vports that the 166 driver/adapter can support on the fc_host. 167 168 npiv_vports_inuse: Read_Only 169 Indicates how many NPIV-based vports have been instantiated on the 170 fc_host. 171 172 vport_create: Write_Only 173 A "simple" create interface to instantiate a vport on an fc_host. 174 A "<WWPN>:<WWNN>" string is written to the attribute. The transport 175 then instantiates the vport object and calls the LLDD to create the 176 vport with the role of FCP_Initiator. Each WWN is specified as 16 177 hex characters and may *not* contain any prefixes (e.g. 0x, x, etc). 178 179 vport_delete: Write_Only 180 A "simple" delete interface to teardown a vport. A "<WWPN>:<WWNN>" 181 string is written to the attribute. The transport will locate the 182 vport on the fc_host with the same WWNs and tear it down. Each WWN 183 is specified as 16 hex characters and may *not* contain any prefixes 184 (e.g. 0x, x, etc). 185 186 187Vport States: 188------------------------------- 189 190 Vport instantiation consists of two parts: 191 - Creation with the kernel and LLDD. This means all transport and 192 driver data structures are built up, and device objects created. 193 This is equivalent to a driver "attach" on an adapter, which is 194 independent of the adapter's link state. 195 - Instantiation of the vport on the FC link via ELS traffic, etc. 196 This is equivalent to a "link up" and successful link initialization. 197 Further information can be found in the interfaces section below for 198 Vport Creation. 199 200 Once a vport has been instantiated with the kernel/LLDD, a vport state 201 can be reported via the sysfs attribute. The following states exist: 202 203 FC_VPORT_UNKNOWN - Unknown 204 An temporary state, typically set only while the vport is being 205 instantiated with the kernel and LLDD. 206 207 FC_VPORT_ACTIVE - Active 208 The vport has been successfully been created on the FC link. 209 It is fully functional. 210 211 FC_VPORT_DISABLED - Disabled 212 The vport instantiated, but "disabled". The vport is not instantiated 213 on the FC link. This is equivalent to a physical port with the 214 link "down". 215 216 FC_VPORT_LINKDOWN - Linkdown 217 The vport is not operational as the physical link is not operational. 218 219 FC_VPORT_INITIALIZING - Initializing 220 The vport is in the process of instantiating on the FC link. 221 The LLDD will set this state just prior to starting the ELS traffic 222 to create the vport. This state will persist until the vport is 223 successfully created (state becomes FC_VPORT_ACTIVE) or it fails 224 (state is one of the values below). As this state is transitory, 225 it will not be preserved in the "vport_last_state". 226 227 FC_VPORT_NO_FABRIC_SUPP - No Fabric Support 228 The vport is not operational. One of the following conditions were 229 encountered: 230 - The FC topology is not Point-to-Point 231 - The FC port is not connected to an F_Port 232 - The F_Port has indicated that NPIV is not supported. 233 234 FC_VPORT_NO_FABRIC_RSCS - No Fabric Resources 235 The vport is not operational. The Fabric failed FDISC with a status 236 indicating that it does not have sufficient resources to complete 237 the operation. 238 239 FC_VPORT_FABRIC_LOGOUT - Fabric Logout 240 The vport is not operational. The Fabric has LOGO'd the N_Port_ID 241 associated with the vport. 242 243 FC_VPORT_FABRIC_REJ_WWN - Fabric Rejected WWN 244 The vport is not operational. The Fabric failed FDISC with a status 245 indicating that the WWN's are not valid. 246 247 FC_VPORT_FAILED - VPort Failed 248 The vport is not operational. This is a catchall for all other 249 error conditions. 250 251 252 The following state table indicates the different state transitions: 253 254 State Event New State 255 -------------------------------------------------------------------- 256 n/a Initialization Unknown 257 Unknown: Link Down Linkdown 258 Link Up & Loop No Fabric Support 259 Link Up & no Fabric No Fabric Support 260 Link Up & FLOGI response No Fabric Support 261 indicates no NPIV support 262 Link Up & FDISC being sent Initializing 263 Disable request Disable 264 Linkdown: Link Up Unknown 265 Initializing: FDISC ACC Active 266 FDISC LS_RJT w/ no resources No Fabric Resources 267 FDISC LS_RJT w/ invalid Fabric Rejected WWN 268 pname or invalid nport_id 269 FDISC LS_RJT failed for Vport Failed 270 other reasons 271 Link Down Linkdown 272 Disable request Disable 273 Disable: Enable request Unknown 274 Active: LOGO received from fabric Fabric Logout 275 Link Down Linkdown 276 Disable request Disable 277 Fabric Logout: Link still up Unknown 278 279 The following 4 error states all have the same transitions: 280 No Fabric Support: 281 No Fabric Resources: 282 Fabric Rejected WWN: 283 Vport Failed: 284 Disable request Disable 285 Link goes down Linkdown 286 287 288Transport <-> LLDD Interfaces : 289------------------------------- 290 291Vport support by LLDD: 292 293 The LLDD indicates support for vports by supplying a vport_create() 294 function in the transport template. The presence of this function will 295 cause the creation of the new attributes on the fc_host. As part of 296 the physical port completing its initialization relative to the 297 transport, it should set the max_npiv_vports attribute to indicate the 298 maximum number of vports the driver and/or adapter supports. 299 300 301Vport Creation: 302 303 The LLDD vport_create() syntax is: 304 305 int vport_create(struct fc_vport *vport, bool disable) 306 307 where: 308 vport: Is the newly allocated vport object 309 disable: If "true", the vport is to be created in a disabled stated. 310 If "false", the vport is to be enabled upon creation. 311 312 When a request is made to create a new vport (via sgio/netlink, or the 313 vport_create fc_host attribute), the transport will validate that the LLDD 314 can support another vport (e.g. max_npiv_vports > npiv_vports_inuse). 315 If not, the create request will be failed. If space remains, the transport 316 will increment the vport count, create the vport object, and then call the 317 LLDD's vport_create() function with the newly allocated vport object. 318 319 As mentioned above, vport creation is divided into two parts: 320 - Creation with the kernel and LLDD. This means all transport and 321 driver data structures are built up, and device objects created. 322 This is equivalent to a driver "attach" on an adapter, which is 323 independent of the adapter's link state. 324 - Instantiation of the vport on the FC link via ELS traffic, etc. 325 This is equivalent to a "link up" and successful link initialization. 326 327 The LLDD's vport_create() function will not synchronously wait for both 328 parts to be fully completed before returning. It must validate that the 329 infrastructure exists to support NPIV, and complete the first part of 330 vport creation (data structure build up) before returning. We do not 331 hinge vport_create() on the link-side operation mainly because: 332 - The link may be down. It is not a failure if it is. It simply 333 means the vport is in an inoperable state until the link comes up. 334 This is consistent with the link bouncing post vport creation. 335 - The vport may be created in a disabled state. 336 - This is consistent with a model where: the vport equates to a 337 FC adapter. The vport_create is synonymous with driver attachment 338 to the adapter, which is independent of link state. 339 340 Note: special error codes have been defined to delineate infrastructure 341 failure cases for quicker resolution. 342 343 The expected behavior for the LLDD's vport_create() function is: 344 - Validate Infrastructure: 345 - If the driver or adapter cannot support another vport, whether 346 due to improper firmware, (a lie about) max_npiv, or a lack of 347 some other resource - return VPCERR_UNSUPPORTED. 348 - If the driver validates the WWN's against those already active on 349 the adapter and detects an overlap - return VPCERR_BAD_WWN. 350 - If the driver detects the topology is loop, non-fabric, or the 351 FLOGI did not support NPIV - return VPCERR_NO_FABRIC_SUPP. 352 - Allocate data structures. If errors are encountered, such as out 353 of memory conditions, return the respective negative Exxx error code. 354 - If the role is FCP Initiator, the LLDD is to : 355 - Call scsi_host_alloc() to allocate a scsi_host for the vport. 356 - Call scsi_add_host(new_shost, &vport->dev) to start the scsi_host 357 and bind it as a child of the vport device. 358 - Initializes the fc_host attribute values. 359 - Kick of further vport state transitions based on the disable flag and 360 link state - and return success (zero). 361 362 LLDD Implementers Notes: 363 - It is suggested that there be a different fc_function_templates for 364 the physical port and the virtual port. The physical port's template 365 would have the vport_create, vport_delete, and vport_disable functions, 366 while the vports would not. 367 - It is suggested that there be different scsi_host_templates 368 for the physical port and virtual port. Likely, there are driver 369 attributes, embedded into the scsi_host_template, that are applicable 370 for the physical port only (link speed, topology setting, etc). This 371 ensures that the attributes are applicable to the respective scsi_host. 372 373 374Vport Disable/Enable: 375 376 The LLDD vport_disable() syntax is: 377 378 int vport_disable(struct fc_vport *vport, bool disable) 379 380 where: 381 vport: Is vport to be enabled or disabled 382 disable: If "true", the vport is to be disabled. 383 If "false", the vport is to be enabled. 384 385 When a request is made to change the disabled state on a vport, the 386 transport will validate the request against the existing vport state. 387 If the request is to disable and the vport is already disabled, the 388 request will fail. Similarly, if the request is to enable, and the 389 vport is not in a disabled state, the request will fail. If the request 390 is valid for the vport state, the transport will call the LLDD to 391 change the vport's state. 392 393 Within the LLDD, if a vport is disabled, it remains instantiated with 394 the kernel and LLDD, but it is not active or visible on the FC link in 395 any way. (see Vport Creation and the 2 part instantiation discussion). 396 The vport will remain in this state until it is deleted or re-enabled. 397 When enabling a vport, the LLDD reinstantiates the vport on the FC 398 link - essentially restarting the LLDD statemachine (see Vport States 399 above). 400 401 402Vport Deletion: 403 404 The LLDD vport_delete() syntax is: 405 406 int vport_delete(struct fc_vport *vport) 407 408 where: 409 vport: Is vport to delete 410 411 When a request is made to delete a vport (via sgio/netlink, or via the 412 fc_host or fc_vport vport_delete attributes), the transport will call 413 the LLDD to terminate the vport on the FC link, and teardown all other 414 datastructures and references. If the LLDD completes successfully, 415 the transport will teardown the vport objects and complete the vport 416 removal. If the LLDD delete request fails, the vport object will remain, 417 but will be in an indeterminate state. 418 419 Within the LLDD, the normal code paths for a scsi_host teardown should 420 be followed. E.g. If the vport has a FCP Initiator role, the LLDD 421 will call fc_remove_host() for the vports scsi_host, followed by 422 scsi_remove_host() and scsi_host_put() for the vports scsi_host. 423 424 425Other: 426 fc_host port_type attribute: 427 There is a new fc_host port_type value - FC_PORTTYPE_NPIV. This value 428 must be set on all vport-based fc_hosts. Normally, on a physical port, 429 the port_type attribute would be set to NPORT, NLPORT, etc based on the 430 topology type and existence of the fabric. As this is not applicable to 431 a vport, it makes more sense to report the FC mechanism used to create 432 the vport. 433 434 Driver unload: 435 FC drivers are required to call fc_remove_host() prior to calling 436 scsi_remove_host(). This allows the fc_host to tear down all remote 437 ports prior the scsi_host being torn down. The fc_remove_host() call 438 was updated to remove all vports for the fc_host as well. 439 440 441Transport supplied functions 442---------------------------- 443 444The following functions are supplied by the FC-transport for use by LLDs. 445 446 fc_vport_create - create a vport 447 fc_vport_terminate - detach and remove a vport 448 449Details: 450 451/** 452 * fc_vport_create - Admin App or LLDD requests creation of a vport 453 * @shost: scsi host the virtual port is connected to. 454 * @ids: The world wide names, FC4 port roles, etc for 455 * the virtual port. 456 * 457 * Notes: 458 * This routine assumes no locks are held on entry. 459 */ 460struct fc_vport * 461fc_vport_create(struct Scsi_Host *shost, struct fc_vport_identifiers *ids) 462 463/** 464 * fc_vport_terminate - Admin App or LLDD requests termination of a vport 465 * @vport: fc_vport to be terminated 466 * 467 * Calls the LLDD vport_delete() function, then deallocates and removes 468 * the vport from the shost and object tree. 469 * 470 * Notes: 471 * This routine assumes no locks are held on entry. 472 */ 473int 474fc_vport_terminate(struct fc_vport *vport) 475 476 477FC BSG support (CT & ELS passthru, and more) 478======================================================================== 479<< To Be Supplied >> 480 481 482 483 484 485Credits 486======= 487The following people have contributed to this document: 488 489 490 491 492 493 494James Smart 495james.smart@emulex.com 496 497