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1 /*
2  *  a.out loader for x86-64
3  *
4  *  Copyright (C) 1991, 1992, 1996  Linus Torvalds
5  *  Hacked together by Andi Kleen
6  */
7 
8 #include <linux/module.h>
9 
10 #include <linux/time.h>
11 #include <linux/kernel.h>
12 #include <linux/mm.h>
13 #include <linux/mman.h>
14 #include <linux/a.out.h>
15 #include <linux/errno.h>
16 #include <linux/signal.h>
17 #include <linux/string.h>
18 #include <linux/fs.h>
19 #include <linux/file.h>
20 #include <linux/stat.h>
21 #include <linux/fcntl.h>
22 #include <linux/ptrace.h>
23 #include <linux/user.h>
24 #include <linux/binfmts.h>
25 #include <linux/personality.h>
26 #include <linux/init.h>
27 #include <linux/jiffies.h>
28 
29 #include <asm/uaccess.h>
30 #include <asm/pgalloc.h>
31 #include <asm/cacheflush.h>
32 #include <asm/user32.h>
33 #include <asm/ia32.h>
34 
35 #undef WARN_OLD
36 #undef CORE_DUMP /* definitely broken */
37 
38 static int load_aout_binary(struct linux_binprm *, struct pt_regs *regs);
39 static int load_aout_library(struct file *);
40 
41 #ifdef CORE_DUMP
42 static int aout_core_dump(long signr, struct pt_regs *regs, struct file *file,
43 			  unsigned long limit);
44 
45 /*
46  * fill in the user structure for a core dump..
47  */
dump_thread32(struct pt_regs * regs,struct user32 * dump)48 static void dump_thread32(struct pt_regs *regs, struct user32 *dump)
49 {
50 	u32 fs, gs;
51 
52 /* changed the size calculations - should hopefully work better. lbt */
53 	dump->magic = CMAGIC;
54 	dump->start_code = 0;
55 	dump->start_stack = regs->sp & ~(PAGE_SIZE - 1);
56 	dump->u_tsize = ((unsigned long) current->mm->end_code) >> PAGE_SHIFT;
57 	dump->u_dsize = ((unsigned long)
58 			 (current->mm->brk + (PAGE_SIZE-1))) >> PAGE_SHIFT;
59 	dump->u_dsize -= dump->u_tsize;
60 	dump->u_ssize = 0;
61 	dump->u_debugreg[0] = current->thread.debugreg0;
62 	dump->u_debugreg[1] = current->thread.debugreg1;
63 	dump->u_debugreg[2] = current->thread.debugreg2;
64 	dump->u_debugreg[3] = current->thread.debugreg3;
65 	dump->u_debugreg[4] = 0;
66 	dump->u_debugreg[5] = 0;
67 	dump->u_debugreg[6] = current->thread.debugreg6;
68 	dump->u_debugreg[7] = current->thread.debugreg7;
69 
70 	if (dump->start_stack < 0xc0000000) {
71 		unsigned long tmp;
72 
73 		tmp = (unsigned long) (0xc0000000 - dump->start_stack);
74 		dump->u_ssize = tmp >> PAGE_SHIFT;
75 	}
76 
77 	dump->regs.bx = regs->bx;
78 	dump->regs.cx = regs->cx;
79 	dump->regs.dx = regs->dx;
80 	dump->regs.si = regs->si;
81 	dump->regs.di = regs->di;
82 	dump->regs.bp = regs->bp;
83 	dump->regs.ax = regs->ax;
84 	dump->regs.ds = current->thread.ds;
85 	dump->regs.es = current->thread.es;
86 	savesegment(fs, fs);
87 	dump->regs.fs = fs;
88 	savesegment(gs, gs);
89 	dump->regs.gs = gs;
90 	dump->regs.orig_ax = regs->orig_ax;
91 	dump->regs.ip = regs->ip;
92 	dump->regs.cs = regs->cs;
93 	dump->regs.flags = regs->flags;
94 	dump->regs.sp = regs->sp;
95 	dump->regs.ss = regs->ss;
96 
97 #if 1 /* FIXME */
98 	dump->u_fpvalid = 0;
99 #else
100 	dump->u_fpvalid = dump_fpu(regs, &dump->i387);
101 #endif
102 }
103 
104 #endif
105 
106 static struct linux_binfmt aout_format = {
107 	.module		= THIS_MODULE,
108 	.load_binary	= load_aout_binary,
109 	.load_shlib	= load_aout_library,
110 #ifdef CORE_DUMP
111 	.core_dump	= aout_core_dump,
112 #endif
113 	.min_coredump	= PAGE_SIZE
114 };
115 
set_brk(unsigned long start,unsigned long end)116 static void set_brk(unsigned long start, unsigned long end)
117 {
118 	start = PAGE_ALIGN(start);
119 	end = PAGE_ALIGN(end);
120 	if (end <= start)
121 		return;
122 	vm_brk(start, end - start);
123 }
124 
125 #ifdef CORE_DUMP
126 /*
127  * These are the only things you should do on a core-file: use only these
128  * macros to write out all the necessary info.
129  */
130 
131 #include <linux/coredump.h>
132 
133 #define DUMP_WRITE(addr, nr)			     \
134 	if (!dump_write(file, (void *)(addr), (nr))) \
135 		goto end_coredump;
136 
137 #define DUMP_SEEK(offset)		\
138 	if (!dump_seek(file, offset))	\
139 		goto end_coredump;
140 
141 #define START_DATA()	(u.u_tsize << PAGE_SHIFT)
142 #define START_STACK(u)	(u.start_stack)
143 
144 /*
145  * Routine writes a core dump image in the current directory.
146  * Currently only a stub-function.
147  *
148  * Note that setuid/setgid files won't make a core-dump if the uid/gid
149  * changed due to the set[u|g]id. It's enforced by the "current->mm->dumpable"
150  * field, which also makes sure the core-dumps won't be recursive if the
151  * dumping of the process results in another error..
152  */
153 
aout_core_dump(long signr,struct pt_regs * regs,struct file * file,unsigned long limit)154 static int aout_core_dump(long signr, struct pt_regs *regs, struct file *file,
155 			  unsigned long limit)
156 {
157 	mm_segment_t fs;
158 	int has_dumped = 0;
159 	unsigned long dump_start, dump_size;
160 	struct user32 dump;
161 
162 	fs = get_fs();
163 	set_fs(KERNEL_DS);
164 	has_dumped = 1;
165 	current->flags |= PF_DUMPCORE;
166 	strncpy(dump.u_comm, current->comm, sizeof(current->comm));
167 	dump.u_ar0 = offsetof(struct user32, regs);
168 	dump.signal = signr;
169 	dump_thread32(regs, &dump);
170 
171 	/*
172 	 * If the size of the dump file exceeds the rlimit, then see
173 	 * what would happen if we wrote the stack, but not the data
174 	 * area.
175 	 */
176 	if ((dump.u_dsize + dump.u_ssize + 1) * PAGE_SIZE > limit)
177 		dump.u_dsize = 0;
178 
179 	/* Make sure we have enough room to write the stack and data areas. */
180 	if ((dump.u_ssize + 1) * PAGE_SIZE > limit)
181 		dump.u_ssize = 0;
182 
183 	/* make sure we actually have a data and stack area to dump */
184 	set_fs(USER_DS);
185 	if (!access_ok(VERIFY_READ, (void *) (unsigned long)START_DATA(dump),
186 		       dump.u_dsize << PAGE_SHIFT))
187 		dump.u_dsize = 0;
188 	if (!access_ok(VERIFY_READ, (void *) (unsigned long)START_STACK(dump),
189 		       dump.u_ssize << PAGE_SHIFT))
190 		dump.u_ssize = 0;
191 
192 	set_fs(KERNEL_DS);
193 	/* struct user */
194 	DUMP_WRITE(&dump, sizeof(dump));
195 	/* Now dump all of the user data.  Include malloced stuff as well */
196 	DUMP_SEEK(PAGE_SIZE);
197 	/* now we start writing out the user space info */
198 	set_fs(USER_DS);
199 	/* Dump the data area */
200 	if (dump.u_dsize != 0) {
201 		dump_start = START_DATA(dump);
202 		dump_size = dump.u_dsize << PAGE_SHIFT;
203 		DUMP_WRITE(dump_start, dump_size);
204 	}
205 	/* Now prepare to dump the stack area */
206 	if (dump.u_ssize != 0) {
207 		dump_start = START_STACK(dump);
208 		dump_size = dump.u_ssize << PAGE_SHIFT;
209 		DUMP_WRITE(dump_start, dump_size);
210 	}
211 end_coredump:
212 	set_fs(fs);
213 	return has_dumped;
214 }
215 #endif
216 
217 /*
218  * create_aout_tables() parses the env- and arg-strings in new user
219  * memory and creates the pointer tables from them, and puts their
220  * addresses on the "stack", returning the new stack pointer value.
221  */
create_aout_tables(char __user * p,struct linux_binprm * bprm)222 static u32 __user *create_aout_tables(char __user *p, struct linux_binprm *bprm)
223 {
224 	u32 __user *argv, *envp, *sp;
225 	int argc = bprm->argc, envc = bprm->envc;
226 
227 	sp = (u32 __user *) ((-(unsigned long)sizeof(u32)) & (unsigned long) p);
228 	sp -= envc+1;
229 	envp = sp;
230 	sp -= argc+1;
231 	argv = sp;
232 	put_user((unsigned long) envp, --sp);
233 	put_user((unsigned long) argv, --sp);
234 	put_user(argc, --sp);
235 	current->mm->arg_start = (unsigned long) p;
236 	while (argc-- > 0) {
237 		char c;
238 
239 		put_user((u32)(unsigned long)p, argv++);
240 		do {
241 			get_user(c, p++);
242 		} while (c);
243 	}
244 	put_user(0, argv);
245 	current->mm->arg_end = current->mm->env_start = (unsigned long) p;
246 	while (envc-- > 0) {
247 		char c;
248 
249 		put_user((u32)(unsigned long)p, envp++);
250 		do {
251 			get_user(c, p++);
252 		} while (c);
253 	}
254 	put_user(0, envp);
255 	current->mm->env_end = (unsigned long) p;
256 	return sp;
257 }
258 
259 /*
260  * These are the functions used to load a.out style executables and shared
261  * libraries.  There is no binary dependent code anywhere else.
262  */
load_aout_binary(struct linux_binprm * bprm,struct pt_regs * regs)263 static int load_aout_binary(struct linux_binprm *bprm, struct pt_regs *regs)
264 {
265 	unsigned long error, fd_offset, rlim;
266 	struct exec ex;
267 	int retval;
268 
269 	ex = *((struct exec *) bprm->buf);		/* exec-header */
270 	if ((N_MAGIC(ex) != ZMAGIC && N_MAGIC(ex) != OMAGIC &&
271 	     N_MAGIC(ex) != QMAGIC && N_MAGIC(ex) != NMAGIC) ||
272 	    N_TRSIZE(ex) || N_DRSIZE(ex) ||
273 	    i_size_read(bprm->file->f_path.dentry->d_inode) <
274 	    ex.a_text+ex.a_data+N_SYMSIZE(ex)+N_TXTOFF(ex)) {
275 		return -ENOEXEC;
276 	}
277 
278 	fd_offset = N_TXTOFF(ex);
279 
280 	/* Check initial limits. This avoids letting people circumvent
281 	 * size limits imposed on them by creating programs with large
282 	 * arrays in the data or bss.
283 	 */
284 	rlim = rlimit(RLIMIT_DATA);
285 	if (rlim >= RLIM_INFINITY)
286 		rlim = ~0;
287 	if (ex.a_data + ex.a_bss > rlim)
288 		return -ENOMEM;
289 
290 	/* Flush all traces of the currently running executable */
291 	retval = flush_old_exec(bprm);
292 	if (retval)
293 		return retval;
294 
295 	/* OK, This is the point of no return */
296 	set_personality(PER_LINUX);
297 	set_personality_ia32(false);
298 
299 	setup_new_exec(bprm);
300 
301 	regs->cs = __USER32_CS;
302 	regs->r8 = regs->r9 = regs->r10 = regs->r11 = regs->r12 =
303 		regs->r13 = regs->r14 = regs->r15 = 0;
304 
305 	current->mm->end_code = ex.a_text +
306 		(current->mm->start_code = N_TXTADDR(ex));
307 	current->mm->end_data = ex.a_data +
308 		(current->mm->start_data = N_DATADDR(ex));
309 	current->mm->brk = ex.a_bss +
310 		(current->mm->start_brk = N_BSSADDR(ex));
311 	current->mm->free_area_cache = TASK_UNMAPPED_BASE;
312 	current->mm->cached_hole_size = 0;
313 
314 	retval = setup_arg_pages(bprm, IA32_STACK_TOP, EXSTACK_DEFAULT);
315 	if (retval < 0) {
316 		/* Someone check-me: is this error path enough? */
317 		send_sig(SIGKILL, current, 0);
318 		return retval;
319 	}
320 
321 	install_exec_creds(bprm);
322 
323 	if (N_MAGIC(ex) == OMAGIC) {
324 		unsigned long text_addr, map_size;
325 		loff_t pos;
326 
327 		text_addr = N_TXTADDR(ex);
328 
329 		pos = 32;
330 		map_size = ex.a_text+ex.a_data;
331 
332 		error = vm_brk(text_addr & PAGE_MASK, map_size);
333 
334 		if (error != (text_addr & PAGE_MASK)) {
335 			send_sig(SIGKILL, current, 0);
336 			return error;
337 		}
338 
339 		error = bprm->file->f_op->read(bprm->file,
340 			 (char __user *)text_addr,
341 			  ex.a_text+ex.a_data, &pos);
342 		if ((signed long)error < 0) {
343 			send_sig(SIGKILL, current, 0);
344 			return error;
345 		}
346 
347 		flush_icache_range(text_addr, text_addr+ex.a_text+ex.a_data);
348 	} else {
349 #ifdef WARN_OLD
350 		static unsigned long error_time, error_time2;
351 		if ((ex.a_text & 0xfff || ex.a_data & 0xfff) &&
352 		    (N_MAGIC(ex) != NMAGIC) &&
353 				time_after(jiffies, error_time2 + 5*HZ)) {
354 			printk(KERN_NOTICE "executable not page aligned\n");
355 			error_time2 = jiffies;
356 		}
357 
358 		if ((fd_offset & ~PAGE_MASK) != 0 &&
359 			    time_after(jiffies, error_time + 5*HZ)) {
360 			printk(KERN_WARNING
361 			       "fd_offset is not page aligned. Please convert "
362 			       "program: %s\n",
363 			       bprm->file->f_path.dentry->d_name.name);
364 			error_time = jiffies;
365 		}
366 #endif
367 
368 		if (!bprm->file->f_op->mmap || (fd_offset & ~PAGE_MASK) != 0) {
369 			loff_t pos = fd_offset;
370 
371 			vm_brk(N_TXTADDR(ex), ex.a_text+ex.a_data);
372 			bprm->file->f_op->read(bprm->file,
373 					(char __user *)N_TXTADDR(ex),
374 					ex.a_text+ex.a_data, &pos);
375 			flush_icache_range((unsigned long) N_TXTADDR(ex),
376 					   (unsigned long) N_TXTADDR(ex) +
377 					   ex.a_text+ex.a_data);
378 			goto beyond_if;
379 		}
380 
381 		error = vm_mmap(bprm->file, N_TXTADDR(ex), ex.a_text,
382 				PROT_READ | PROT_EXEC,
383 				MAP_FIXED | MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_DENYWRITE |
384 				MAP_EXECUTABLE | MAP_32BIT,
385 				fd_offset);
386 
387 		if (error != N_TXTADDR(ex)) {
388 			send_sig(SIGKILL, current, 0);
389 			return error;
390 		}
391 
392 		error = vm_mmap(bprm->file, N_DATADDR(ex), ex.a_data,
393 				PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE | PROT_EXEC,
394 				MAP_FIXED | MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_DENYWRITE |
395 				MAP_EXECUTABLE | MAP_32BIT,
396 				fd_offset + ex.a_text);
397 		if (error != N_DATADDR(ex)) {
398 			send_sig(SIGKILL, current, 0);
399 			return error;
400 		}
401 	}
402 beyond_if:
403 	set_binfmt(&aout_format);
404 
405 	set_brk(current->mm->start_brk, current->mm->brk);
406 
407 	current->mm->start_stack =
408 		(unsigned long)create_aout_tables((char __user *)bprm->p, bprm);
409 	/* start thread */
410 	loadsegment(fs, 0);
411 	loadsegment(ds, __USER32_DS);
412 	loadsegment(es, __USER32_DS);
413 	load_gs_index(0);
414 	(regs)->ip = ex.a_entry;
415 	(regs)->sp = current->mm->start_stack;
416 	(regs)->flags = 0x200;
417 	(regs)->cs = __USER32_CS;
418 	(regs)->ss = __USER32_DS;
419 	regs->r8 = regs->r9 = regs->r10 = regs->r11 =
420 	regs->r12 = regs->r13 = regs->r14 = regs->r15 = 0;
421 	set_fs(USER_DS);
422 	return 0;
423 }
424 
load_aout_library(struct file * file)425 static int load_aout_library(struct file *file)
426 {
427 	struct inode *inode;
428 	unsigned long bss, start_addr, len, error;
429 	int retval;
430 	struct exec ex;
431 
432 	inode = file->f_path.dentry->d_inode;
433 
434 	retval = -ENOEXEC;
435 	error = kernel_read(file, 0, (char *) &ex, sizeof(ex));
436 	if (error != sizeof(ex))
437 		goto out;
438 
439 	/* We come in here for the regular a.out style of shared libraries */
440 	if ((N_MAGIC(ex) != ZMAGIC && N_MAGIC(ex) != QMAGIC) || N_TRSIZE(ex) ||
441 	    N_DRSIZE(ex) || ((ex.a_entry & 0xfff) && N_MAGIC(ex) == ZMAGIC) ||
442 	    i_size_read(inode) <
443 	    ex.a_text+ex.a_data+N_SYMSIZE(ex)+N_TXTOFF(ex)) {
444 		goto out;
445 	}
446 
447 	if (N_FLAGS(ex))
448 		goto out;
449 
450 	/* For  QMAGIC, the starting address is 0x20 into the page.  We mask
451 	   this off to get the starting address for the page */
452 
453 	start_addr =  ex.a_entry & 0xfffff000;
454 
455 	if ((N_TXTOFF(ex) & ~PAGE_MASK) != 0) {
456 		loff_t pos = N_TXTOFF(ex);
457 
458 #ifdef WARN_OLD
459 		static unsigned long error_time;
460 		if (time_after(jiffies, error_time + 5*HZ)) {
461 			printk(KERN_WARNING
462 			       "N_TXTOFF is not page aligned. Please convert "
463 			       "library: %s\n",
464 			       file->f_path.dentry->d_name.name);
465 			error_time = jiffies;
466 		}
467 #endif
468 		vm_brk(start_addr, ex.a_text + ex.a_data + ex.a_bss);
469 
470 		file->f_op->read(file, (char __user *)start_addr,
471 			ex.a_text + ex.a_data, &pos);
472 		flush_icache_range((unsigned long) start_addr,
473 				   (unsigned long) start_addr + ex.a_text +
474 				   ex.a_data);
475 
476 		retval = 0;
477 		goto out;
478 	}
479 	/* Now use mmap to map the library into memory. */
480 	error = vm_mmap(file, start_addr, ex.a_text + ex.a_data,
481 			PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE | PROT_EXEC,
482 			MAP_FIXED | MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_DENYWRITE | MAP_32BIT,
483 			N_TXTOFF(ex));
484 	retval = error;
485 	if (error != start_addr)
486 		goto out;
487 
488 	len = PAGE_ALIGN(ex.a_text + ex.a_data);
489 	bss = ex.a_text + ex.a_data + ex.a_bss;
490 	if (bss > len) {
491 		error = vm_brk(start_addr + len, bss - len);
492 		retval = error;
493 		if (error != start_addr + len)
494 			goto out;
495 	}
496 	retval = 0;
497 out:
498 	return retval;
499 }
500 
init_aout_binfmt(void)501 static int __init init_aout_binfmt(void)
502 {
503 	register_binfmt(&aout_format);
504 	return 0;
505 }
506 
exit_aout_binfmt(void)507 static void __exit exit_aout_binfmt(void)
508 {
509 	unregister_binfmt(&aout_format);
510 }
511 
512 module_init(init_aout_binfmt);
513 module_exit(exit_aout_binfmt);
514 MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
515