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/Documentation/
Datomic_t.txt2 On atomic types (atomic_t atomic64_t and atomic_long_t).
5 RMW operations between CPUs (atomic operations on MMIO are not supported and
9 ---
11 The 'full' API consists of (atomic64_ and atomic_long_ prefixes omitted for
14 Non-RMW ops:
31 atomic_{and,or,xor,andnot}()
32 atomic_fetch_{and,or,xor,andnot}{,_relaxed,_acquire,_release}()
35 Swap:
60 -----
62 While atomic_t, atomic_long_t and atomic64_t use int, long and s64
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/Documentation/core-api/
Drefcount-vs-atomic.rst11 an object's reference counters. While a generic architecture-independent
13 there are a number of differences between some of the ``refcount_*()`` and
15 This document outlines the differences and provides respective examples
20 tools/memory-model/Documentation/explanation.txt.
22 memory-barriers.txt and atomic_t.txt provide more background to the
23 memory ordering in general and for atomic operations specifically.
29 ordering types that are relevant for the atomics and reference
30 counters and used through this document. For a much broader picture
31 please consult memory-barriers.txt document.
34 atomics & refcounters only provide atomicity and
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/Documentation/trace/
Dring-buffer-design.rst1 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 OR GFDL-1.2-no-invariants-only
13 and Frederic Weisbecker.
19 ---------------------------------
22 - where new writes happen in the ring buffer.
25 - where new reads happen in the ring buffer.
28 - the task that writes into the ring buffer (same as writer)
31 - same as producer
34 - the task that reads from the buffer (same as reader)
37 - same as consumer.
40 - A page outside the ring buffer used solely (for the most part)
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/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/riscv/
Dextensions.yaml1 # SPDX-License-Identifier: (GPL-2.0 OR MIT)
3 ---
5 $schema: http://devicetree.org/meta-schemas/core.yaml#
7 title: RISC-V ISA extensions
10 - Paul Walmsley <paul.walmsley@sifive.com>
11 - Palmer Dabbelt <palmer@sifive.com>
12 - Conor Dooley <conor@kernel.org>
15 RISC-V has a large number of extensions, some of which are "standard"
16 extensions, meaning they are ratified by RISC-V International, and others
36 Identifies the specific RISC-V instruction set architecture
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/Documentation/bpf/standardization/
Dinstruction-set.rst25 "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and
27 BCP 14 `<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119>`_
28 `<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8174>`_
29 when, and only when, they appear in all capitals, as shown here.
31 For brevity and consistency, this document refers to families
32 of types using a shorthand syntax and refers to several expository,
34 The range of valid values for those types and the semantics of those
38 -----
40 a type's signedness (`S`) and bit width (`N`), respectively.
51 .. table:: Meaning of bit-width notation
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/Documentation/admin-guide/
Dcgroup-v2.rst1 .. _cgroup-v2:
10 This is the authoritative documentation on the design, interface and
11 conventions of cgroup v2. It describes all userland-visible aspects
12 of cgroup including core and specific controller behaviors. All
14 v1 is available under :ref:`Documentation/admin-guide/cgroup-v1/index.rst <cgroup-v1>`.
19 1-1. Terminology
20 1-2. What is cgroup?
22 2-1. Mounting
23 2-2. Organizing Processes and Threads
24 2-2-1. Processes
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/Documentation/mm/
Dmultigen_lru.rst1 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
4 Multi-Gen LRU
6 The multi-gen LRU is an alternative LRU implementation that optimizes
7 page reclaim and improves performance under memory pressure. Page
8 reclaim decides the kernel's caching policy and ability to overcommit
9 memory. It directly impacts the kswapd CPU usage and RAM efficiency.
14 ----------
20 * Simple self-correcting heuristics
23 implementations. In the multi-gen LRU, each generation represents a
25 (time-based) common frame of reference and therefore help make better
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/Documentation/arch/riscv/
Dhwprobe.rst1 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
3 RISC-V Hardware Probing Interface
4 ---------------------------------
6 The RISC-V hardware probing interface is based around a single syscall, which
18 The arguments are split into three groups: an array of key-value pairs, a CPU
19 set, and some flags. The key-value pairs are supplied with a count. Userspace
20 must prepopulate the key field for each element, and the kernel will fill in the
22 will be cleared to -1, and its value set to 0. The CPU set is defined by
23 CPU_SET(3) with size ``cpusetsize`` bytes. For value-like keys (eg. vendor,
25 have the same value. Otherwise -1 will be returned. For boolean-like keys, the
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/Documentation/admin-guide/device-mapper/
Dthin-provisioning.rst8 This document describes a collection of device-mapper targets that
9 between them implement thin-provisioning and snapshots.
13 be stored on the same data volume. This simplifies administration and
19 lookup tables, and so performance was O(depth). This new
27 - Improve metadata resilience by storing metadata on a mirrored volume
28 but data on a non-mirrored one.
30 - Improve performance by storing the metadata on SSD.
40 dm-devel@redhat.com with details and we'll try our best to improve
43 Userspace tools for checking and repairing the metadata have been fully
44 developed and are available as 'thin_check' and 'thin_repair'. The name
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/Documentation/filesystems/
Dvfs.rst1 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
9 - Copyright (C) 1999 Richard Gooch
10 - Copyright (C) 2005 Pekka Enberg
21 VFS system calls open(2), stat(2), read(2), write(2), chmod(2) and so on
27 ------------------------------
29 The VFS implements the open(2), stat(2), chmod(2), and similar system
32 cache or dcache). This provides a very fast look-up mechanism to
34 in RAM and are never saved to disc: they exist only for performance.
40 and then loading the inode. This is done by looking up the inode.
44 ----------------
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/Documentation/filesystems/xfs/
Dxfs-online-fsck-design.rst1 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
6 Heading 1 uses "====" above and below
8 Heading 3 uses "----"
25 - To help kernel distributors understand exactly what the XFS online fsck
26 feature is, and issues about which they should be aware.
28 - To help people reading the code to familiarize themselves with the relevant
29 concepts and design points before they start digging into the code.
31 - To help developers maintaining the system by capturing the reasons
41 Part 1 defines what fsck tools are and the motivations for writing a new one.
42 Parts 2 and 3 present a high level overview of how online fsck process works
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Dxfs-delayed-logging-design.rst1 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
10 This document describes the design and algorithms that the XFS journalling
11 subsystem is based on. This document describes the design and algorithms that
16 transaction reservations are structured and accounted, and then move into how we
27 are atomic and recoverable. For reasons of space and time efficiency, the
28 logging mechanisms are varied and complex, combining intents, logical and
32 Some objects, such as inodes and dquots, are logged in logical format where the
33 details logged are made up of the changes to in-core structures rather than
34 on-disk structures. Other objects - typically buffers - have their physical
36 chained together by intents, ensuring that journal recovery can restart and
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/Documentation/scsi/
DChangeLog.lpfc2 * Please read the associated RELEASE-NOTES file !!!
8 * Fixed build warning for 2.6.12-rc2 kernels: mempool_alloc now
12 for fabric and nport logins out of lpfc_cmpl_els_flogi.
18 PRLI...) are errored back and scan() terminates.
19 * Removed FC_TRANSPORT_PATCHESxxx defines. They're in 2.6.12-rc1.
20 * Compare return value of lpfc_scsi_tgt_reset against SCSI
26 * Added PCI ID for LP10000-S.
28 find command in both TX and TX completion queues. Return ERROR
31 * Zero-out response sense length in lpfc_scsi_prep_cmnd to prevent
33 - was causing spurious 0710 messages.
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/Documentation/virt/kvm/
Dapi.rst1 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
4 The Definitive KVM (Kernel-based Virtual Machine) API Documentation
13 - System ioctls: These query and set global attributes which affect the
17 - VM ioctls: These query and set attributes that affect an entire virtual
19 create virtual cpus (vcpus) and devices.
24 - vcpu ioctls: These query and set attributes that control the operation
32 - device ioctls: These query and set attributes that control the operation
46 create a virtual cpu or device and return a file descriptor pointing to
52 of fork() and the SCM_RIGHTS facility of unix domain socket. These
60 file descriptor, not its creator (process). In other words, the VM and
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